<s>
Currently	O
,	O
there	O
are	O
several	O
packages	O
,	O
both	O
free	B-Application
software	I-Application
and	O
proprietary	B-Application
software	I-Application
,	O
which	O
cover	O
most	O
of	O
the	O
spatial	O
data	O
infrastructure	O
stack	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
PackageFree	O
of	O
chargeOperating	O
SystemsDeveloper	O
institution/personWebsiteField	O
of	O
interest	O
(	O
if	O
any	O
specific	O
)	O
Main	O
FeaturesLanguageLicenseCARTONoWeb-based	O
(	O
Cloud	B-Architecture
SaaS	O
)	O
CARTOwww.carto.comSpatial	O
data	O
science	O
&	O
location	O
intelligenceSpatial	O
SQL	O
,	O
spatial	O
data	O
science	O
,	O
location	O
analytics	O
,	O
site	O
selection	O
,	O
data	O
visualization	B-Application
,	O
mapping	O
,	O
geocoding	O
and	O
app	O
development	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Access	O
to	O
a	O
catalog	O
of	O
1,000	O
s	O
of	O
spatial	O
datasets.Proprietary	O
(	O
with	O
free	O
trial	O
available	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
LuciadLightspeed	O
No	O
Linux	B-Application
,	O
Windows	B-Application
,	O
Unix	B-Application
,	O
iOS	B-Operating_System
,	O
Android	B-Application
,	O
Windows	B-Protocol
Phone	I-Protocol
Luciad	O
Luciad	O
LuciadLightspeed	O
is	O
widely	O
recognized	O
as	O
the	O
leading	O
set	O
of	O
high-performance	O
geospatial	O
software	O
components	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Independent	O
benchmark	O
tests	O
by	O
academia	O
and	O
industry	O
leave	O
no	O
doubt	O
:	O
LuciadLightspeed	O
is	O
over	O
100	O
times	O
faster	O
and	O
more	O
accurate	O
than	O
traditional	O
GIS	B-Application
software	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Web	B-General_Concept
API	I-General_Concept
,	O
Java-J2EE	O
,	O
.NET	B-Application
,	O
JavaScript	B-Language
,	O
HTML5	B-Application
Proprietary.Polaris	O
IntelligenceNoLinux	O
,	O
Windows	B-Application
,	O
Unix	B-Application
,	O
iOS	B-Operating_System
,	O
Android	B-Application
,	O
Windows	B-Application
PhonePolaris	O
IntelligencePolaris	O
IntelligenceGeospatial	O
data	O
analytics	O
,	O
business	O
intelligenceEasy	O
to	O
use	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ArcGIS	B-Application
No	O
Linux	B-Application
,	O
Windows	B-Application
,	O
Unix	B-Application
,	O
iOS	B-Operating_System
,	O
Android	B-Application
,	O
Windows	B-Protocol
Phone	I-Protocol
Esri	O
Esri	O
A	O
GIS	B-Application
system	O
to	O
create	O
,	O
visualize	O
,	O
manage	O
,	O
and	O
analyze	O
spatial	O
data	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
addition	O
to	O
spatial	O
data	O
editing	O
and	O
visualization	B-Application
,	O
ArcGIS	B-Application
provides	O
spatial	O
analysis	O
and	O
modeling	O
features	O
including	O
overlay	O
,	O
surface	O
,	O
proximity	O
,	O
suitability	O
,	O
and	O
network	O
analysis	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
interpolation	O
analysis	O
and	O
other	O
geostatistical	O
modeling	O
techniques	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Python	B-Language
,	O
Web	B-General_Concept
API	I-General_Concept
,	O
.NET	B-Application
Proprietary	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
ClusterPy	O
(	O
non-GUI	O
,	O
open	O
source	O
)	O
GeoGrouper	O
(	O
GUI	O
,	O
free	O
)	O
yes	O
Linux	B-Application
,	O
MAC	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
,	O
Windows	B-Application
RiSE	O
group	O
(	O
@gmail	O
:rise.group.eafit	O
)	O
,	O
Dr.	O
Juan	O
C	B-Language
.	O
Duque	O
and	O
Boris	O
Dev	O
ClusterPyGeogrouper	O
Spatial	O
clustering	O
Library	O
of	O
algorithms	O
to	O
aggregate	O
areas	O
into	O
regions	O
,	O
where	O
each	O
region	O
is	O
geographically	O
connected	O
,	O
while	O
optimizing	O
a	O
predefined	O
objective	O
function	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Python	B-Language
BSD	B-Operating_System
license	I-Operating_System
R-Analysis	O
of	O
Spatial	O
Data	O
yes	O
Linux	B-Application
,	O
MAC	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
,	O
Windows	B-Application
Roger	O
Bivand	O
(	O
maintainer	O
)	O
CRAN	O
site	O
for	O
Analysis	O
of	O
Spatial	O
Data	O
,	O
R-Forge	O
site	O
Analysis	O
Full	O
integration	O
of	O
spatial	O
data	O
analysis	O
tools	O
with	O
the	O
R	B-Language
:	O
classes	O
for	O
spatial	O
data	O
;	O
handling	O
spatial	O
data	O
;	O
reading	O
and	O
writing	O
spatial	O
data	O
;	O
point	O
pattern	O
analysis	O
;	O
geostatistics	O
;	O
disease	O
mapping	O
and	O
areal	O
data	O
analysis	O
;	O
spatial	O
regression	O
and	O
ecological	O
analysis	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
R	B-Language
GPL-2	O
Google	B-Application
Earth	I-Application
yes	O
Linux	B-Application
,	O
MAC	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
,	O
Windows	B-Application
Google	B-Application
Google	B-Application
Earth	I-Application
3D	B-Application
visualisation	I-Application
Easy	O
to	O
use	O
,	O
dynamic	O
graphics	O
,	O
historical	O
maps	O
,	O
users	O
can	O
create	O
dynamic	O
"	O
tours	O
,	O
"	O
integrated	O
with	O
the	O
Web	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
-	O
Freeware	B-License
PySAL	O
yes	O
Linux	B-Application
,	O
MAC	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
,	O
Windows	B-Application
GeoDa	O
Center	O
pysal.org	O
Analysis	O
Modules	O
for	O
:	O
computational	O
geometry	O
,	O
spatial	O
weights	O
,	O
ESDA	O
,	O
inequality	O
,	O
</s>
<s>
(	O
Arizona	O
State	O
University	O
)	O
Minerva	O
Project	O
Visualization	B-Application
(	O
3D	O
)	O
High	O
performance	O
;	O
ability	O
to	O
display	O
large	O
amounts	O
of	O
raster	O
and	O
vector	O
from	O
multiple	O
sources	O
C++	B-Language
BSD	B-Operating_System
license	I-Operating_System
GMap	O
Creator	O
yes	O
Linux	B-Application
,	O
MAC	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
,	O
Windows	B-Application
CASA	O
CASA	O
website	O
for	O
GMap	O
Creator	O
Web	O
Mapping	O
Thematic	O
mapping	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Creates	O
image	O
pictures	O
from	O
shapefiles	O
and	O
creates	O
Google	B-Application
Maps	O
websites	O
with	O
the	O
data	O
linked	O
to	O
the	O
shapefile	O
-	O
Freeware	B-License
QGIS	B-Application
yes	O
Linux	B-Application
,	O
MAC	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
,	O
Windows	B-Application
QGIS	B-Application
Development	O
Team	O
qgis.org	O
Visualization	B-Application
Easy	O
to	O
use	O
,	O
ability	O
to	O
expand	O
functionality	O
with	O
Python	B-Language
plugins	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
C++	B-Language
GPL	B-License
GRASS	B-Application
yes	O
Linux	B-Application
,	O
MAC	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
,	O
Windows	B-Application
GRASS	B-Application
Development	O
Team	O
http://grass.osgeo.org	O
GIS	B-Application
Extensive	O
set	O
of	O
GIS	B-Application
tools	O
for	O
both	O
raster	O
and	O
vector	O
data	O
,	O
SQL	O
,	O
visualization	B-Application
,	O
voxel	O
C	B-Language
,	O
C++	B-Language
,	O
Python	B-Language
,	O
Tcl	O
GPL	B-License
GeoDa	O
yes	O
Windows	B-Application
,	O
MAC	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
,	O
Linux	B-Application
Center	O
for	O
Spatial	O
Data	O
Science	O
,	O
University	O
of	O
Chicago	O
website	O
Analysis	O
Interactive	O
exploratory	O
spatial	O
data	O
analysis	O
,	O
dynamic	O
linking	O
and	O
brushing	O
for	O
cross-section	O
data	O
,	O
local	O
cluster	O
stats	O
,	O
basic	O
spatial	O
regression	O
capabilities	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
C++	B-Language
GPL	B-License
STARS	O
yes	O
Linux	B-Application
,	O
MAC	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
,	O
Windows	B-Application
GeoDa	O
Center	O
Website	O
at	O
REGAL	O
Analysis	O
ESTDA	O
(	O
Exploratory	O
Space-Time	O
Data	O
Analysis	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Interactive	O
linking	O
,	O
brushing	O
and	O
travelling	O
for	O
space-time	O
data	O
Python	B-Language
GPL	B-License
GeoDaSpace	O
yes	O
MAC	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
,	O
Windows	B-Application
Center	O
for	O
Spatial	O
Data	O
Science	O
,	O
University	O
of	O
Chicago	O
Download	O
Spatial	O
Econometrics	O
Advanced	O
spatial	O
models	O
for	O
cross	O
section	O
(	O
GMM	O
,	O
IV	O
and	O
spatial	O
HAC	O
)	O
Python	B-Language
Freeware	B-License
SANET	O
yes	O
Windows	B-Application
Atsu	O
Okabe	O
Website	O
Point	O
patterns	O
in	O
networks	O
Analysis	O
of	O
events	O
that	O
occur	O
on	O
networks	O
or	O
alongside	O
networks	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
(	O
list	O
)	O
-	O
Freeware	B-License
(	O
terms	O
)	O
CrimeStat	O
yes	O
Windows	B-Application
Ned	O
Levine	O
and	O
Associates	O
Website	O
Spatial	O
analysis	O
of	O
points	O
,	O
zones	O
,	O
and	O
lines	O
Basic	O
spatial	O
description	O
,	O
hot	O
spot	O
analysis	O
,	O
kernel	B-General_Concept
density	I-General_Concept
interpolation	O
,	O
space-time	O
interaction	O
,	O
journey-to-crime	O
analysis	O
(	O
Geographic	O
profiling	O
)	O
,	O
crime	O
travel	O
demand	O
modelling	O
,	O
and	O
spatial	O
regression	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
graph-theoretic	O
approach	O
Python	B-Language
GPL	B-License
Hawths	O
Tools	O
yes	O
(	O
Requires	O
ArcGIS	B-Application
,	O
which	O
is	O
not	O
free	O
)	O
Windows	B-Application
Hawthorne	O
Beyer	O
Website	O
Ecology	O
Analysis	O
,	O
sampling	O
,	O
animal	O
movements	O
,	O
kernel	O
,	O
raster	O
,	O
table	O
,	O
vector	O
editing	O
,	O
specialist	O
and	O
other	O
tools	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Freeware	B-License
Fragstats	O
yes	O
Windows	B-Application
Dr.	O
Kevin	O
McGarigal	O
-	O
University	O
of	O
Massachusetts	O
Website	O
Landscape	O
metrics	O
for	O
categorical	O
map	O
patterns	O
Area	O
,	O
density	O
,	O
edge	O
metrics	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Visual	O
C++	B-Language
Freeware	B-License
Patch	O
Analyst	O
yes	O
Windows	B-Application
Rob	O
Rempel	O
-	O
Centre	O
for	O
Northern	O
Forest	O
Ecosystems	O
Research	O
Website	O
Patch	O
metrics	O
for	O
categorical	O
map	O
patterns	O
Mean	O
patch	O
size	O
,	O
Number	O
of	O
patches	O
,	O
Indices	O
of	O
patchiness	O
,	O
edge	O
metrics	O
,	O
and	O
much	O
more	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Visual	O
C++	B-Language
Freeware	B-License
SAGA	O
yes	O
Windows	B-Application
,	O
Linux	B-Application
Institute	O
of	O
Geography	O
at	O
the	O
University	O
of	O
Hamburg	O
,	O
Germany	O
Website	O
GIS	B-Application
,	O
Analysis	O
Grid	O
analysis	O
,	O
Geostatistics	O
,	O
Terrain	O
Analysis	O
,	O
Hydrology	O
simulation	O
,	O
TIN	O
tools	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
C++	B-Language
OpenSource	O
Whitebox	B-Application
GAT	I-Application
yes	O
Linux	B-Application
,	O
MAC	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
,	O
Windows	B-Application
John	O
Lindsay	O
-	O
Centre	O
for	O
Hydrogeomatics	O
,	O
University	O
of	O
Guelph	O
,	O
Canada	O
Website	O
GIS	B-Application
and	O
remote	O
sensing	O
package	O
GIS	B-Application
analysis	O
,	O
hydrological	O
tools	O
,	O
image	O
processing	O
tools	O
,	O
LiDAR	O
tools	O
,	O
statistical	O
analysis	O
,	O
stream	O
network	O
analysis	O
,	O
terrain	O
analysis	O
.NET	B-Application
framework	I-Application
3.5	I-Application
GPL	B-License
ILWIS	B-Language
Open	I-Language
yes	O
Windows	B-Application
ITC	O
-	O
Netherlands	O
Website	O
Remote	O
sensing	O
and	O
GIS	B-Application
software	I-Application
which	O
integrates	O
image	O
,	O
vector	O
and	O
thematic	O
data	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Integrated	O
raster	O
and	O
vector	O
design	O
;	O
import	O
and	O
export	O
of	O
widely	O
used	O
data	O
formats	O
;	O
on-screen	O
and	O
tablet	O
digitizing	O
;	O
image	O
processing	O
tools	O
;	O
orthophoto	O
,	O
image	O
geo-referencing	O
,	O
transformation	O
and	O
mosaicing	O
;	O
Advanced	O
modelling	O
and	O
spatial	O
data	O
analysis	O
;	O
3D	B-Application
visualization	I-Application
;	O
projection	O
and	O
coordinate	O
system	O
library	O
;	O
geo-statistical	O
analyses	O
;	O
production	O
and	O
visualization	B-Application
of	O
stereo	O
image	O
pairs	O
;	O
spatial	O
Multiple	O
Criteria	O
Evaluation	O
;	O
WMS	O
;	O
Surface	O
Energy	O
Balances	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
-	O
GPL	B-License
Map	O
Comparison	O
Kit	O
(	O
MCK	O
)	O
yes	O
Windows	B-Application
Research	O
Institute	O
for	O
Knowledge	O
Systems	O
MCK	O
Website	O
Map	O
comparisons	O
for	O
categorical	O
and	O
numerical	O
maps	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
C++	B-Language
Freeware	B-License
IDRISI	B-Application
No	O
Windows	B-Application
Clark	O
Labs/Clark	O
University	O
Clark	O
Labs	O
GIS	B-Application
,	O
Image	O
Processing	O
,	O
Spatial	O
Modelling	O
A	O
GIS	B-Application
analysis	O
package	O
for	O
basic	O
and	O
advanced	O
spatial	O
analysis	O
,	O
an	O
Image	O
Processing	O
system	O
with	O
extensive	O
hard	O
and	O
soft	O
classifiers	O
including	O
machine	O
learning	O
classifiers	O
,	O
integrated	O
modelling	O
environments	O
including	O
the	O
Earth	O
Trends	O
Modeller	O
for	O
image	O
time	O
series	O
of	O
environmental	O
trends	O
and	O
Land	O
Change	O
Modeller	O
for	O
land	O
change	O
analysis	O
and	O
prediction	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Delphi	O
Proprietary	B-Application
Biodiverse	O
Yes	O
Linux	B-Application
,	O
Windows	B-Application
,	O
Unix	B-Application
,	O
macOS	B-Operating_System
Shawn	O
Laffan	O
Biodiverse	O
Biogeography	O
,	O
Biodiversity	O
,	O
Environmental	O
Biodiverse	O
is	O
a	O
tool	O
for	O
the	O
spatial	O
analysis	O
of	O
diversity	O
using	O
indices	O
based	O
on	O
taxonomic	O
,	O
phylogenetic	O
and	O
matrix-based	O
(	O
e.g.	O
</s>
<s>
Biodiverse	O
supports	O
:	O
linked	O
visualisation	B-Application
of	O
data	O
in	O
geographic	O
,	O
taxonomic	O
,	O
phylogenetic	O
and	O
matrix	O
spaces	O
;	O
Spatial	O
moving	O
window	O
analyses	O
;	O
Spatially	O
constrained	O
agglomerative	O
cluster	O
and	O
region	O
grower	O
analyses	O
;	O
and	O
Randomisations	O
for	O
hypothesis	O
testing	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Perl	B-Language
LGPL	B-Application
ERDAS	B-Application
IMAGINE	I-Application
No	O
Windows	B-Application
Intergraph	O
ERDAS	O
IMAGINGE	O
Remote	O
Sensing	O
,	O
Image	O
Processing	O
,	O
Spatial	O
Modelling	O
,	O
GIS	B-Application
ERDAS	B-Application
IMAGINE	I-Application
incorporates	O
geospatial	O
image	O
processing	O
and	O
analysis	O
,	O
remote	O
sensing	O
,	O
and	O
GIS	B-Application
capabilities	O
into	O
a	O
single	O
powerful	O
,	O
convenient	O
package	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ERDAS	B-Application
IMAGINE	I-Application
enables	O
users	O
to	O
easily	O
create	O
value-added	O
products	O
such	O
as	O
2D	O
and	O
3D	O
images	O
,	O
3D	O
fly-through	O
movies	O
,	O
and	O
cartographic-quality	O
map	O
compositions	O
from	O
geospatial	O
data	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
C	B-Language
,	O
C++	B-Language
Proprietary	B-Application
TerraLens	O
No	O
Linux	B-Application
,	O
Windows	B-Application
,	O
Unix	B-Application
,	O
MacOS	B-Operating_System
,	O
Android	B-Application
,	O
Windows	B-Protocol
Phone	I-Protocol
Kongsberg	O
Geospatial	O
Kongsberg	O
Geospatial	O
TerraLens	O
is	O
a	O
real-time	B-General_Concept
computing	I-General_Concept
geospatial	O
software	O
platform	O
optimized	O
for	O
mission-critical	O
applications	O
and	O
performance	O
on	O
low-end	O
hardware	O
and	O
chipsets	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
TerraLens	O
is	O
a	O
geospatial	O
platform	O
that	O
includes	O
a	O
comprehensive	O
core	O
API	B-General_Concept
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
additional	O
tools	O
like	O
a	O
Web	B-Application
Map	I-Application
Tile	I-Application
Service	I-Application
(	O
WMTS	O
)	O
tile	O
server	O
,	O
a	O
map	O
styling	O
and	O
packaging	O
tool	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
UI	O
development	O
middleware	B-General_Concept
toolkit	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
TerraLens	O
is	O
designed	O
to	O
easily	O
fuse	O
and	O
integrate	O
a	O
wide	O
range	O
of	O
real-time	O
data	O
sources	O
,	O
including	O
SONAR	O
,	O
RADAR	O
,	O
and	O
LIDAR	O
data	O
,	O
full-motion	O
video	O
,	O
and	O
proprietary	B-Application
or	O
open-source	O
data	O
that	O
includes	O
geolocation	O
elements	O
with	O
terrain	O
elevation	O
and	O
satellite	O
imagery	O
in	O
a	O
wide	O
range	O
of	O
formats	O
and	O
map	O
projections	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
TerraLens	O
is	O
used	O
extensively	O
for	O
real-time	B-General_Concept
applications	I-General_Concept
including	O
naval	O
and	O
air	O
defence	O
,	O
beyond	O
visual	O
line-of-sight	O
(	O
BVLOS	O
)	O
mission	O
management	O
for	O
unmanned	O
systems	O
,	O
and	O
air	O
traffic	O
management	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
C++	B-Language
,	O
Java-J2EE	O
,	O
.NET	B-Application
,	O
QT	B-Language
(	O
software	O
)	O
,	O
Web	B-Library
GL	I-Library
ProprietaryGIS	O
Spatial	O
Analytics	O
&	O
AnalysisNoWeb-basedMarketing	O
Systems	O
GroupGIS	O
Spatial	O
Analytics	O
&	O
AnalysisSpatial	O
analysis	O
and	O
data	O
visualization	B-Application
for	O
an	O
array	O
of	O
business	O
and	O
government	O
sectorsLeverage	O
the	O
power	O
of	O
geographic	O
and	O
demographic	O
data	O
using	O
MSG	O
’s	O
full	O
suite	O
of	O
GIS	B-Application
services	O
:	O
reports	O
and	O
maps	O
,	O
geocoding	O
,	O
spatial	O
analytics	O
,	O
geographic	O
frame	O
design	O
and	O
much	O
more	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
From	O
simple	O
maps	O
and	O
reports	O
to	O
multifaceted	O
data	O
,	O
spatial	O
projects	O
,	O
and	O
custom	O
consulting	O
,	O
MSG	O
’s	O
GIS	B-Application
group	O
has	O
you	O
covered	O
.	O
</s>
