<s>
Listed	O
are	O
many	O
semiconductor	O
scale	O
examples	O
for	O
various	O
metal	B-Architecture
–	I-Architecture
oxide	I-Architecture
–	I-Architecture
semiconductor	I-Architecture
field-effect	I-Architecture
transistor	I-Architecture
(	O
MOSFET	B-Architecture
,	O
or	O
MOS	B-Architecture
transistor	I-Architecture
)	O
semiconductor	B-Architecture
manufacturing	I-Architecture
process	I-Architecture
nodes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
+	O
Complementary	O
MOSFET	B-Architecture
(	O
CMOS	B-Device
)	O
demonstrations	O
(	O
single-gate	O
)	O
Date	O
Channel	O
length	O
Oxide	B-Algorithm
thickness	I-Algorithm
Researcher(s )	O
Organization	O
Chih-Tang	O
Sah	O
,	O
Frank	O
WanlassFairchild	O
Semiconductor196820	O
,	O
000	O
nm	O
nmRCA	O
Laboratories197010	O
,	O
000	O
nm	O
nmRCA	O
Laboratories	O
2,000	O
nmA	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
PelleyIntel900	O
nm	O
nmTsuneo	O
Mano	O
,	O
J	O
.	O
Yamada	O
,	O
Junichi	O
Inoue	O
,	O
S	O
.	O
NakajimaNippon	O
Telegraph	O
and	O
Telephone	O
(	O
NTT	O
)	O
1,000	B-Algorithm
nm	I-Algorithm
nmG.J.	O
</s>
<s>
Hu	O
,	O
Yuan	O
Taur	O
,	O
Robert	O
H	O
.	O
Dennard	O
,	O
Chung-Yu	O
TingIBM	O
T.J.	O
Watson	O
Research	O
Center	O
800	B-Algorithm
nm17	O
nmT	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
+	O
Multi-gate	B-Algorithm
MOSFET	I-Algorithm
(	O
MuGFET	B-Algorithm
)	O
demonstrations	O
Date	O
Channel	O
lengthMuGFET	O
type	O
Researcher(s )	O
Organization	O
DGMOSToshihiro	O
Sekigawa	O
,	O
Yutaka	O
HayashiElectrotechnical	O
Laboratory	O
(	O
ETL	O
)	O
19872	O
,	O
000	O
nmDGMOSToshihiro	O
SekigawaElectrotechnical	O
Laboratory	O
(	O
ETL	O
)	O
250	O
nm	O
DGMOS	B-Algorithm
Bijan	O
Davari	O
,	O
Wen-Hsing	O
Chang	O
,	O
Matthew	O
R	O
.	O
Wordeman	O
,	O
C.S.	O
</s>
<s>
+	O
MOSFET	B-Architecture
demonstrations	O
(	O
other	O
types	O
)	O
Date	O
Channellength(nm )	O
Oxidethickness(nm )	O
MOSFETtype	O
Researcher(s )	O
Organization	O
TFTPaul	O
K	O
.	O
WeimerRCA	O
LaboratoriesGaAsH	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Intel	B-General_Concept
4004	I-General_Concept
,	O
the	O
first	O
single-chip	O
microprocessor	B-Architecture
CPU	B-Device
,	O
launched	O
in	O
1971	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Intel	B-General_Concept
8008	I-General_Concept
CPU	B-Device
launched	O
in	O
1972	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
MOS	B-General_Concept
Technology	I-General_Concept
6502	I-General_Concept
1MHz	O
CPU	B-Device
launched	O
in	O
1975	O
(	O
8μm	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Intel	B-General_Concept
1103	I-General_Concept
,	O
an	O
early	O
dynamic	O
random-access	O
memory	O
(	O
DRAM	O
)	O
chip	O
launched	O
in	O
1970	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Toshiba	O
TLCS-12	O
,	O
a	O
microprocessor	B-Architecture
developed	O
for	O
the	O
Ford	O
EEC	O
(	O
Electronic	O
Engine	O
Control	O
)	O
system	O
in	O
1973	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Intel	B-General_Concept
8080	I-General_Concept
CPU	I-General_Concept
launched	O
in	O
1974	O
was	O
manufactured	O
using	O
this	O
process	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Television	B-General_Concept
Interface	I-General_Concept
Adaptor	I-General_Concept
,	O
the	O
custom	O
graphics	O
and	O
audio	O
chip	O
developed	O
for	O
the	O
Atari	B-General_Concept
2600	I-General_Concept
in	O
1977	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
MOS	B-Architecture
Technology	I-Architecture
SID	O
,	O
a	O
programmable	O
sound	O
generator	O
developed	O
for	O
the	O
Commodore	O
64	O
in	O
1982	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
MOS	B-Architecture
Technology	I-Architecture
VIC-II	O
,	O
a	O
video	B-General_Concept
display	I-General_Concept
controller	I-General_Concept
developed	O
for	O
the	O
Commodore	O
64	O
in	O
1982	O
(	O
5μm	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Intel	B-General_Concept
8085	I-General_Concept
CPU	B-Device
launched	O
in	O
1976	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Intel	B-General_Concept
8086	I-General_Concept
CPU	B-Device
launched	O
in	O
1978	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Intel	B-Device
8088	I-Device
CPU	B-Device
launched	O
in	O
1979	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Motorola	B-Device
68000	I-Device
8MHz	O
CPU	B-Device
launched	O
in	O
1979	O
(	O
3.5μm	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
NEC	O
's	O
64kb	O
SRAM	B-Architecture
memory	O
chip	O
in	O
1981	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Intel	B-General_Concept
80286	I-General_Concept
CPU	B-Device
launched	O
in	O
1982	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Amiga	B-Device
Advanced	I-Device
Graphics	I-Device
Architecture	I-Device
(	O
initially	O
sold	O
in	O
1992	O
)	O
included	O
chips	O
such	O
as	O
Denise	O
that	O
were	O
manufactured	O
using	O
a	O
1.5μm	O
CMOS	B-Device
process	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Intel	B-General_Concept
80386	I-General_Concept
CPU	B-Device
launched	O
in	O
1985	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Toshiba	O
's	O
4Mb	O
EPROM	B-General_Concept
memory	O
chip	O
in	O
1987	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Hitachi	O
,	O
Mitsubishi	O
and	O
Toshiba	O
used	O
this	O
process	O
for	O
their	O
1Mb	O
SRAM	B-Architecture
memory	O
chips	O
in	O
1987	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Intel	B-General_Concept
486	I-General_Concept
CPU	B-Device
launched	O
in	O
1989	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
microSPARC	B-Device
I	I-Device
launched	O
in	O
1992	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
First	O
Intel	B-General_Concept
P5	I-General_Concept
Pentium	B-General_Concept
CPUs	B-Device
at	O
60MHz	O
and	O
66MHz	O
launched	O
in	O
1993	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
NEC	O
's	O
16Mb	O
EPROM	B-General_Concept
memory	O
chip	O
in	O
1990	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Mitsubishi	O
's	O
16Mb	O
flash	B-Device
memory	I-Device
chip	O
in	O
1991	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Intel	B-Device
80486DX4	I-Device
CPU	B-Device
launched	O
in	O
1994	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Intel	B-General_Concept
Pentium	I-General_Concept
CPUs	B-Device
at	O
75MHz	O
,	O
90MHz	O
and	O
100MHz	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Sony	O
's	O
16Mb	O
SRAM	B-Architecture
memory	O
chip	O
in	O
1994	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
NEC	O
VR4300	O
(	O
1995	O
)	O
,	O
used	O
in	O
the	O
Nintendo	B-Operating_System
64	I-Operating_System
game	O
console	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Intel	B-Device
Pentium	I-Device
Pro	I-Device
(	O
1995	O
)	O
,	O
Pentium	B-General_Concept
(	O
P54CS	O
,	O
1995	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
initial	O
Pentium	B-General_Concept
II	I-General_Concept
CPUs	B-Device
(	O
Klamath	O
,	O
1997	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
AMD	O
K5	O
(	O
1996	O
)	O
and	O
original	O
AMD	B-Architecture
K6	I-Architecture
(	O
Model	O
6	O
,	O
1997	O
)	O
CPUs	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Parallax	B-Architecture
Propeller	I-Architecture
,	O
8	O
core	B-Algorithm
microcontroller	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Hitachi	O
's	O
16Mb	O
SRAM	B-Architecture
memory	O
chip	O
in	O
1993	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Hitachi	O
's	O
128Mb	O
NAND	O
flash	B-Device
memory	I-Device
chip	O
in	O
1996	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DEC	B-Device
Alpha	I-Device
21264A	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
made	O
commercially	O
available	O
in	O
1999	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
AMD	B-Architecture
K6-III	I-Architecture
"	O
Sharptooth	O
"	O
used	O
250nm	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Mobile	B-Architecture
Pentium	I-Architecture
MMX	O
Tillamook	O
,	O
released	O
in	O
August	O
1997	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Pentium	B-General_Concept
II	I-General_Concept
Deschutes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Dreamcast	B-Operating_System
console	O
's	O
Hitachi	O
SH-4	O
CPU	B-Device
and	O
PowerVR2	O
GPU	O
,	O
released	O
in	O
1998	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Pentium	B-General_Concept
III	I-General_Concept
Katmai	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Initial	O
PlayStation	B-Device
2	I-Device
's	O
Emotion	B-Architecture
Engine	I-Architecture
CPU	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Matsushita	O
released	O
the	O
45nm	B-Algorithm
Uniphier	B-Application
in	O
2007	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Wolfdale	B-Device
,	O
Yorkfield	B-Device
,	O
Yorkfield	B-Device
XE	O
and	O
Penryn	B-Device
are	O
Intel	B-Device
cores	I-Device
sold	O
under	O
the	O
Core	B-Device
2	I-Device
brand	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Pentium	B-Device
Dual-Core	I-Device
Wolfdale-3M	O
are	O
current	O
Intel	O
mainstream	O
dual	O
core	B-Algorithm
sold	O
under	O
the	O
Pentium	B-General_Concept
brand	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Diamondville	O
,	O
Pineview	O
are	O
current	O
Intel	B-Device
cores	I-Device
with	O
hyper-threading	B-Operating_System
sold	O
under	O
the	O
Intel	B-Device
Atom	I-Device
brand	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
AMD	O
Deneb	O
(	O
Phenom	O
II	O
)	O
and	O
Shanghai	O
(	O
Opteron	B-General_Concept
)	O
Quad-Core	O
Processors	O
,	O
Regor	O
(	O
Athlon	O
II	O
)	O
dual	O
core	B-Algorithm
processors	O
,	O
Caspian	O
(	O
Turion	O
II	O
)	O
mobile	O
dual	O
core	B-Algorithm
processors	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Xenon	B-Operating_System
in	O
the	B-Operating_System
Xbox	I-Operating_System
360	I-Operating_System
S	O
model	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Sony	O
–	O
Toshiba	O
Cell	O
Broadband	O
Engine	O
in	O
PlayStation	B-Operating_System
3	I-Operating_System
Slim	O
model	O
–	O
September	O
2009	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Samsung	B-Application
S5PC110	O
,	O
as	O
known	O
as	O
Hummingbird	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Texas	B-Device
Instruments	I-Device
OMAP	I-Device
36xx	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Toshiba	O
produced	O
commercial	O
32Gb	O
NAND	O
flash	B-Device
memory	I-Device
chips	O
with	O
the	O
32nm	B-Algorithm
process	O
in	O
2009	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
technology	O
used	O
a	O
32nm	B-Algorithm
SOI	O
process	O
,	O
two	O
CPU	B-Device
cores	O
per	O
module	O
,	O
and	O
up	O
to	O
four	O
modules	O
,	O
ranging	O
from	O
a	O
quad-core	O
design	O
costing	O
approximately	O
US$130	O
to	O
a	O
$280	O
eight-core	O
design	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
SK	O
Hynix	O
announced	O
that	O
it	O
could	O
produce	O
a	O
26nm	O
flash	B-Device
chip	I-Device
with	O
64Gb	O
capacity	O
;	O
Intel	O
Corp	O
.	O
and	O
Micron	O
Technology	O
had	O
by	O
then	O
already	O
developed	O
the	O
technology	O
themselves	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Toshiba	O
announced	O
that	O
it	O
was	O
shipping	O
24nm	O
flash	B-Device
memory	I-Device
NAND	O
devices	O
on	O
August	O
31	O
,	O
2010	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2016	O
MCST	O
's	O
28nm	O
processor	O
Elbrus-8S	B-General_Concept
went	O
for	O
serial	O
production	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Intel	B-Device
Core	I-Device
i7	I-Device
and	O
Intel	B-Device
Core	I-Device
i5	O
processors	O
based	O
on	O
Intel	O
's	O
Ivy	B-Device
Bridge	I-Device
22nm	B-Algorithm
technology	O
for	O
series	O
7	O
chip-sets	O
went	O
on	O
sale	O
worldwide	O
on	O
April	O
23	O
,	O
2012	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Samsung	B-Application
Electronics	O
began	O
mass	O
production	O
of	O
64Gb	O
NAND	O
flash	B-Device
memory	I-Device
chips	O
using	O
a	O
20nm	O
process	O
in	O
2010	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Intel	B-Device
Core	I-Device
i7	I-Device
and	O
Intel	B-Device
Core	I-Device
i5	O
processors	O
based	O
on	O
Intel	O
's	O
Broadwell	B-General_Concept
14nm	B-Algorithm
technology	O
was	O
launched	O
in	O
January	O
2015	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
AMD	O
Ryzen	O
processors	O
based	O
on	O
AMD	O
's	O
Zen	O
or	O
Zen+	O
architectures	O
and	O
which	O
uses	O
14nm	B-Algorithm
FinFET	O
technology	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Samsung	B-Application
announced	O
that	O
it	O
had	O
begun	O
mass	O
production	O
of	O
multi-level	B-Device
cell	I-Device
(	O
MLC	O
)	O
flash	B-Device
memory	I-Device
chips	O
using	O
a	O
10nm	B-Algorithm
process	O
in	O
2013	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
17	O
October	O
2016	O
,	O
Samsung	B-Application
Electronics	O
announced	O
mass	O
production	O
of	O
SoC	B-Architecture
chips	O
at	O
10nm	B-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
TSMC	O
began	O
commercial	O
production	O
of	O
10nm	B-Algorithm
chips	O
in	O
early	O
2016	O
,	O
before	O
moving	O
onto	O
mass	O
production	O
in	O
early	O
2017	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Samsung	B-Application
began	O
shipping	O
Galaxy	B-Application
S8	I-Application
smartphone	O
in	O
April	O
2017	O
using	O
the	O
company	O
's	O
10nm	B-Algorithm
processor	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Apple	O
delivered	O
second-generation	O
iPad	B-Device
Pro	I-Device
tablets	O
powered	O
with	O
TSMC-produced	O
Apple	B-Device
A10X	I-Device
chips	O
using	O
the	O
10nm	B-Algorithm
FinFET	O
process	O
in	O
June	O
2017	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
TSMC	O
began	O
risk	O
production	O
of	O
256Mbit	O
SRAM	B-Architecture
memory	O
chips	O
using	O
a	O
7nm	B-Algorithm
process	O
in	O
April	O
2017	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Samsung	B-Application
and	O
TSMC	O
began	O
mass	O
production	O
of	O
7nm	B-Algorithm
devices	O
in	O
2018	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Apple	B-Device
A12	I-Device
and	O
Huawei	O
Kirin	O
980	O
mobile	O
processors	O
,	O
both	O
released	O
in	O
2018	O
,	O
use	O
7nm	B-Algorithm
chips	O
manufactured	O
by	O
TSMC	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
AMD	O
began	O
using	O
TSMC	O
7nm	B-Algorithm
starting	O
with	O
the	O
Vega	O
20	O
GPU	O
in	O
November	O
2018	O
,	O
with	O
Zen	O
2-based	O
CPUs	B-Device
and	O
APUs	O
from	O
July	O
2019	O
,	O
and	O
for	O
both	O
PlayStation	O
5	O
and	O
Xbox	B-Operating_System
Series	O
X/S	O
consoles’	O
APUs	O
,	O
released	O
both	O
in	O
November	O
2020	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Samsung	B-Application
began	O
production	O
of	O
5nm	B-Algorithm
chips	O
(	O
5LPE	O
)	O
in	O
late	O
2018	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
TSMC	O
began	O
production	O
of	O
5nm	B-Algorithm
chips	O
(	O
CLN5FF	O
)	O
in	O
April	O
2019	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
TSMC	O
have	O
announced	O
plans	O
to	O
release	O
3nm	B-Algorithm
devices	O
during	O
2021	O
–	O
2022	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Samsung	B-Application
Electronics	O
have	O
begun	O
risk	O
production	O
of	O
3	B-Algorithm
nm	I-Algorithm
GAAFET	O
transistors	O
in	O
June	O
of	O
2022	O
.	O
</s>
