<s>
Artificial	B-Application
intelligence	I-Application
researchers	O
have	O
developed	O
several	O
specialized	O
programming	B-Language
languages	I-Language
for	I-Language
artificial	I-Language
intelligence	I-Language
:	O
</s>
<s>
AIML	O
(	O
meaning	O
"	O
Artificial	B-Application
Intelligence	I-Application
Markup	O
Language	O
"	O
)	O
is	O
an	O
XML	B-Protocol
dialect	O
for	O
use	O
with	O
A.L.I.C.E.-type	O
chatterbots	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
C#	B-Application
can	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
develop	O
high	O
level	O
machine	O
learning	O
models	O
using	O
Microsoft	O
’s	O
.NET	B-Application
suite	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ML.NET	O
was	O
developed	O
with	O
integration	O
to	O
existing	O
.NET	B-Application
projects	O
in	O
mind	O
,	O
simplifying	O
the	O
process	O
for	O
existing	O
software	O
using	O
the	O
.NET	B-Application
platform	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Lisp	B-Language
was	O
the	O
first	O
language	O
developed	O
for	O
artificial	B-Application
intelligence	I-Application
.	I-Application
</s>
<s>
Smalltalk	B-Application
has	O
been	O
used	O
extensively	O
for	O
simulations	O
,	O
neural	B-Architecture
networks	I-Architecture
,	O
machine	O
learning	O
and	O
genetic	O
algorithms	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
implements	O
the	O
purest	O
and	O
most	O
elegant	O
form	O
of	O
object-oriented	O
programming	B-General_Concept
using	O
message	O
passing	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Prolog	B-Language
is	O
a	O
declarative	B-Language
language	I-Language
where	O
programs	O
are	O
expressed	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
relations	O
,	O
and	O
execution	O
occurs	O
by	O
running	O
queries	O
over	O
these	O
relations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Prolog	B-Language
is	O
particularly	O
useful	O
for	O
symbolic	O
reasoning	O
,	O
database	O
and	O
language	O
parsing	O
applications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Prolog	B-Language
is	O
widely	O
used	O
in	O
AI	B-Application
today	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
STRIPS	B-Application
is	O
a	O
language	O
for	O
expressing	O
automated	B-Application
planning	I-Application
problem	O
instances	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Planner	B-Application
is	O
a	O
hybrid	O
between	O
procedural	O
and	O
logical	O
languages	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
POP-11	B-Language
is	O
a	O
reflective	B-Language
,	O
incrementally	B-Application
compiled	I-Application
programming	B-General_Concept
language	O
with	O
many	O
of	O
the	O
features	O
of	O
an	O
interpreted	B-Application
language	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
the	O
core	O
language	O
of	O
the	O
Poplog	B-Language
programming	I-Language
environment	I-Language
developed	O
originally	O
by	O
the	O
University	O
of	O
Sussex	O
,	O
and	O
recently	O
in	O
the	O
at	O
the	O
University	O
of	O
Birmingham	O
which	O
hosts	O
,	O
It	O
is	O
often	O
used	O
to	O
introduce	O
symbolic	O
programming	B-General_Concept
techniques	O
to	O
programmers	O
of	O
more	O
conventional	O
languages	O
like	O
Pascal	B-Application
,	O
who	O
find	O
POP	O
syntax	O
more	O
familiar	O
than	O
that	O
of	O
Lisp	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
One	O
of	O
POP-11	B-Language
'	O
s	O
features	O
is	O
that	O
it	O
supports	O
first-class	B-Application
functions	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
R	B-Language
is	O
widely	O
used	O
in	O
new-style	O
artificial	B-Application
intelligence	I-Application
,	O
involving	O
statistical	O
computations	O
,	O
numerical	O
analysis	O
,	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
Bayesian	O
inference	O
,	O
neural	B-Architecture
networks	I-Architecture
and	O
in	O
general	O
Machine	O
Learning	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
offers	O
several	O
paradigms	O
of	O
programming	B-General_Concept
like	O
vectorial	O
computation	O
,	O
functional	O
programming	B-General_Concept
and	O
object-oriented	O
programming	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Python	B-Language
is	O
widely	O
used	O
for	O
artificial	B-Application
intelligence	I-Application
,	O
with	O
packages	O
for	O
several	O
applications	O
including	O
General	O
AI	B-Application
,	O
Machine	O
Learning	O
,	O
Natural	B-Language
Language	I-Language
Processing	I-Language
and	O
Neural	B-Architecture
Networks	I-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
application	O
of	O
AI	B-Application
to	O
develop	O
programs	O
that	O
do	O
human-like	O
jobs	O
and	O
portray	O
human	O
skills	O
is	O
Machine	O
Learning	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Both	O
Artificial	B-Application
Intelligence	I-Application
and	O
Machine	O
Learning	O
are	O
closely	O
connected	O
and	O
are	O
being	O
used	O
widely	O
today	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Haskell	B-Language
is	O
also	O
a	O
very	O
good	O
programming	B-General_Concept
language	O
for	O
AI	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Wolfram	B-Language
Language	I-Language
includes	O
a	O
wide	O
range	O
of	O
integrated	O
machine	O
learning	O
capabilities	O
,	O
from	O
highly	O
automated	O
functions	O
like	O
Predict	O
and	O
Classify	O
to	O
functions	O
based	O
on	O
specific	O
methods	O
and	O
diagnostics	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Julia	B-Application
,	O
e.g.	O
</s>
