<s>
This	O
article	O
lists	O
model	B-Application
checking	I-Application
tools	O
and	O
gives	O
an	O
overview	O
of	O
the	O
functionality	O
of	O
each	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
FDR2	B-Operating_System
is	O
a	O
refinement	O
checking	O
tool	O
for	O
CSP	O
,	O
comparing	O
two	O
models	O
for	O
compatibility	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Java	B-Language
:	O
Object-oriented	O
programming	O
language	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
LNT	O
:	O
LOTOS	B-Application
New	O
Technology	O
;	O
a	O
specification	O
language	O
inspired	O
by	O
process	O
calculi	O
,	O
functional	O
programming	O
languages	O
,	O
and	O
imperative	O
programming	O
languages	O
;	O
LNT	O
was	O
designed	O
as	O
a	O
modern	O
replacement	O
for	O
LOTOS	B-Application
and	O
E-LOTOS	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
LOTOS	B-Application
:	O
Language	B-Application
Of	I-Application
Temporal	I-Application
Ordering	I-Application
Specification	I-Application
(	O
ISO	O
standard	O
8807	O
)	O
;	O
formal	O
specification	O
language	O
based	O
on	O
temporal	O
ordering	O
used	O
for	O
protocol	O
specification	O
in	O
ISO	O
OSI	O
standards	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Murφ	B-Language
:	O
Guarded	O
commands	O
and	O
an	O
asynchronous	O
,	O
interleaving	O
model	O
of	O
concurrency	O
,	O
with	O
all	O
synchronization	O
and	O
communication	O
done	O
through	O
global	O
variables	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Plain	O
MC	O
:	O
simple	O
text-file	O
formats	O
used	O
in	O
MRMC	O
and	O
PRISM	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Promela	B-Application
:	O
Process	O
or	O
Protocol	O
Meta	O
Language	O
;	O
it	O
is	O
a	O
verification	O
modeling	O
language	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
TLA+	B-Application
:	O
General-purpose	O
specification	O
language	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
Temporal	O
Logic	O
of	O
Actions	O
,	O
originally	O
used	O
for	O
distributed	O
and	O
concurrent	O
systems	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
AFMC	O
:	O
Alternation-Free	O
modal	B-Application
μ-calculus	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
MCL	O
:	O
Model	B-Application
Checking	I-Application
Language	O
;	O
Alternation-Free	O
Modal	B-Application
μ-calculus	I-Application
extended	O
with	O
user-friendly	O
regular	O
expressions	O
and	O
value-passing	O
constructs	O
;	O
subsumes	O
CTL	O
and	O
LTL	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
mCRL2	B-Application
mu-calculus	B-Application
:	O
Kozen	O
's	O
propositional	O
modal	B-Application
μ-calculus	I-Application
(	O
excluding	O
atomic	O
propositions	O
)	O
,	O
extended	O
with	O
:	O
data-depended	O
processes	O
,	O
quantification	O
over	O
data	O
types	O
,	O
multi-actions	O
,	O
time	O
,	O
and	O
regular	O
formulas	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
XTL	O
:	O
eXtended	O
Temporal	O
Language	O
;	O
a	O
domain-specific	O
language	O
for	O
quickly	O
implementing	O
action-based	O
,	O
explicit-state	O
,	O
value-passing	O
model	B-Application
checkers	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
exists	O
a	O
few	O
papers	O
that	O
systematically	O
compare	O
various	O
model	B-Application
checkers	I-Application
on	O
a	O
common	O
case	O
study	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
comparison	O
usually	O
discusses	O
the	O
modelling	O
tradeoffs	O
faced	O
when	O
using	O
the	O
input	O
languages	O
of	O
each	O
model	B-Application
checker	I-Application
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
comparison	O
of	O
performances	O
of	O
the	O
tools	O
when	O
verifying	O
correctness	O
properties	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1999	O
,	O
Judi	O
Romijn	O
compared	O
two	O
model	B-Application
checkers	I-Application
(	O
CADP	B-Application
and	O
SPIN	B-Application
)	O
on	O
the	O
HAVi	O
interoperability	O
audio-video	O
protocol	O
for	O
consumer	O
electronics	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2003	O
,	O
Yifei	O
Dong	O
,	O
Xiaoqun	O
Du	O
,	O
Gerard	O
J	O
.	O
Holzmann	O
,	O
and	O
Scott	O
A	O
.	O
Smolka	O
published	O
a	O
comparison	O
of	O
four	O
model	B-Application
checkers	I-Application
(	O
namely	O
:	O
Cospan	O
,	O
Murphi	B-Language
,	O
SPIN	B-Application
,	O
and	O
XMC	O
)	O
on	O
a	O
communication	O
protocol	O
,	O
the	O
GNU	O
i-protocol	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2005	O
,	O
Elena	O
M	O
.	O
Bortnik	O
,	O
Nikola	O
Trcka	O
,	O
Anton	O
Wijs	O
,	O
Bas	O
Luttik	O
,	O
J	O
.	O
M	O
.	O
van	O
de	O
Mortel-Fronczak	O
,	O
Jos	O
C	B-Language
.	O
M	O
.	O
Baeten	O
,	O
Wan	O
Fokkink	O
,	O
and	O
J	O
.	O
E	O
.	O
Rooda	O
published	O
a	O
comparison	O
of	O
four	O
model	B-Application
checkers	I-Application
(	O
namely	O
:	O
CADP	B-Application
,	O
muCRL	O
,	O
SPIN	B-Application
,	O
and	O
UPPAAL	B-Application
)	O
on	O
an	O
industrial	O
manufacturing	O
system	O
,	O
a	O
rotating	O
drilling	O
machine	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2018	O
,	O
F	O
.	O
Mazzanti	O
and	O
A	O
.	O
Ferrari	O
published	O
a	O
comparison	O
of	O
ten	O
model	B-Application
checkers	I-Application
(	O
namely	O
:	O
CADP	B-Application
,	O
CPN	O
Tools	O
,	O
FDR4	O
,	O
NuSMV/nuXmv	O
,	O
mCRL2	B-Application
,	O
ProB	O
,	O
SPIN	B-Application
,	O
TLA+	B-Application
,	O
UMC	O
,	O
and	O
UPPAAL	B-Application
)	O
on	O
a	O
train	O
supervision	O
problem	O
,	O
taking	O
into	O
account	O
both	O
the	O
user-friendliness	O
of	O
the	O
languages	O
and	O
the	O
performance	O
of	O
the	O
tools	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
2007	O
,	O
the	O
Hardware	O
Model	B-Application
Checking	I-Application
Competition	O
(	O
HWMCC	O
)	O
compares	O
the	O
performances	O
of	O
model	B-Application
checking	I-Application
tools	O
oriented	O
towards	O
hardware	O
design	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
2011	O
,	O
the	O
Model	B-Application
Checking	I-Application
Contest	O
(	O
MCC	O
)	O
compare	O
performances	O
of	O
model	B-Application
checking	I-Application
tools	O
designed	O
to	O
analyze	O
highly	O
concurrent	O
systems	O
.	O
</s>
