<s>
This	O
is	O
a	O
chronologically	O
ordered	O
list	B-Algorithm
of	I-Algorithm
metaphor-based	I-Algorithm
metaheuristics	I-Algorithm
and	O
swarm	B-Architecture
intelligence	I-Architecture
algorithms	O
,	O
sorted	O
by	O
decade	O
of	O
proposal	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Simulated	B-Algorithm
annealing	I-Algorithm
is	O
a	O
probabilistic	B-General_Concept
algorithm	I-General_Concept
inspired	O
by	O
annealing	O
,	O
a	O
heat	O
treatment	O
method	O
in	O
metallurgy	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
problems	O
where	O
finding	O
the	O
precise	O
global	O
optimum	O
is	O
less	O
important	O
than	O
finding	O
an	O
acceptable	O
local	O
optimum	O
in	O
a	O
fixed	O
amount	O
of	O
time	O
,	O
simulated	B-Algorithm
annealing	I-Algorithm
may	O
be	O
preferable	O
to	O
alternatives	O
such	O
as	O
gradient	B-Algorithm
descent	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
analogue	O
of	O
the	O
slow	O
cooling	O
of	O
annealing	O
is	O
a	O
slow	O
decrease	O
in	O
the	O
probability	O
of	O
simulated	B-Algorithm
annealing	I-Algorithm
accepting	O
worse	O
solutions	O
as	O
it	O
explores	O
the	O
solution	O
space	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Accepting	O
worse	O
solutions	O
is	O
a	O
fundamental	O
property	O
of	O
metaheuristics	B-Algorithm
because	O
it	O
allows	O
for	O
a	O
more	O
extensive	O
search	O
for	O
the	O
optimal	O
solution	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
ant	B-Algorithm
colony	I-Algorithm
optimization	I-Algorithm
algorithm	I-Algorithm
is	O
a	O
probabilistic	O
technique	O
for	O
solving	O
computational	O
problems	O
which	O
can	O
be	O
reduced	O
to	O
finding	O
good	O
paths	O
through	O
graphs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Initially	O
proposed	O
by	O
Marco	O
Dorigo	O
in	O
1992	O
in	O
his	O
PhD	O
thesis	O
,	O
the	O
first	O
algorithm	O
was	O
aiming	O
to	O
search	O
for	O
an	O
optimal	O
path	O
in	O
a	O
graph	O
,	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
behavior	O
of	O
ants	B-Algorithm
seeking	O
a	O
path	O
between	O
their	O
colony	O
and	O
a	O
source	O
of	O
food	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
original	O
idea	O
has	O
since	O
diversified	O
to	O
solve	O
a	O
wider	O
class	O
of	O
numerical	O
problems	O
,	O
and	O
as	O
a	O
result	O
,	O
several	O
problems	O
have	O
emerged	O
,	O
drawing	O
on	O
various	O
aspects	O
of	O
the	O
behavior	O
of	O
ants	B-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
Particle	B-Algorithm
swarm	I-Algorithm
optimization	I-Algorithm
is	O
a	O
computational	O
method	O
that	O
optimizes	O
a	O
problem	O
by	O
iteratively	B-Algorithm
trying	O
to	O
improve	O
a	O
candidate	O
solution	O
with	O
regard	O
to	O
a	O
given	O
measure	O
of	O
quality	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
PSO	O
is	O
originally	O
attributed	O
to	O
Kennedy	O
,	O
Eberhart	O
and	O
Shi	O
and	O
was	O
first	O
intended	O
for	O
simulating	B-Application
social	O
behaviour	O
as	O
a	O
stylized	O
representation	O
of	O
the	O
movement	O
of	O
organisms	O
in	O
a	O
bird	O
flock	O
or	O
fish	O
school	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
book	O
by	O
Kennedy	O
and	O
Eberhart	O
describes	O
many	O
philosophical	O
aspects	O
of	O
PSO	O
and	O
swarm	B-Architecture
intelligence	I-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
Harmony	O
search	O
is	O
a	O
phenomenon-mimicking	O
metaheuristic	B-Algorithm
introduced	O
in	O
2001	O
by	O
Zong	O
Woo	O
Geem	O
,	O
Joong	O
Hoon	O
Kim	O
,	O
and	O
G	O
.	O
V	O
.	O
Loganathan	O
and	O
is	O
inspired	O
by	O
the	O
improvization	O
process	O
of	O
jazz	O
musicians	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Dennis	O
(	O
2015	O
)	O
claimed	O
that	O
harmony	O
search	O
is	O
a	O
special	O
case	O
of	O
the	O
evolution	B-Algorithm
strategies	I-Algorithm
algorithm	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
(	O
2016	O
)	O
argues	O
that	O
the	O
structure	O
of	O
evolution	B-Algorithm
strategies	I-Algorithm
is	O
different	O
from	O
that	O
of	O
harmony	O
search	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Artificial	O
bee	O
colony	O
algorithm	O
is	O
a	O
metaheuristic	B-Algorithm
introduced	O
by	O
Karaboga	O
in	O
2005	O
which	O
simulates	O
the	O
foraging	O
behaviour	O
of	O
honey	O
bees	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
imperialist	B-Algorithm
competitive	I-Algorithm
algorithm	I-Algorithm
(	O
ICA	O
)	O
,	O
like	O
most	O
of	O
the	O
methods	O
in	O
the	O
area	O
of	O
evolutionary	O
computation	O
,	O
does	O
not	O
need	O
the	O
gradient	O
of	O
the	O
function	O
in	O
its	O
optimization	O
process	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
From	O
a	O
specific	O
point	O
of	O
view	O
,	O
ICA	O
can	O
be	O
thought	O
of	O
as	O
the	O
social	O
counterpart	O
of	O
genetic	B-Algorithm
algorithms	I-Algorithm
(	O
GAs	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ICA	O
is	O
the	O
mathematical	O
model	O
and	O
the	O
computer	B-Application
simulation	I-Application
of	O
human	O
social	O
evolution	O
,	O
while	O
GAs	O
is	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
biological	O
evolution	O
of	O
species	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
generated	O
random	O
points	O
are	O
called	O
the	O
initial	O
Countries	B-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
Countries	B-Algorithm
in	O
this	O
algorithm	O
are	O
the	O
counterpart	O
of	O
Chromosomes	O
in	O
GAs	O
and	O
Particles	O
in	O
Particle	B-Algorithm
Swarm	I-Algorithm
Optimization	I-Algorithm
and	O
it	O
is	O
an	O
array	O
of	O
values	O
of	O
a	O
candidate	O
solution	O
of	O
optimization	O
problem	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Based	O
on	O
their	O
power	O
,	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
best	O
initial	O
countries	B-Algorithm
(	O
the	O
countries	B-Algorithm
with	O
the	O
least	O
cost	O
function	O
value	O
)	O
,	O
become	O
Imperialists	O
and	O
start	O
taking	O
control	O
of	O
other	O
countries	B-Algorithm
(	O
called	O
colonies	O
)	O
and	O
form	O
the	O
initial	O
Empires	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Revolution	O
brings	O
about	O
sudden	O
random	O
changes	O
in	O
the	O
position	O
of	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
countries	B-Algorithm
in	O
the	O
search	O
space	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
above	O
steps	O
can	O
be	O
summarized	O
as	O
the	O
below	O
pseudocode	B-Language
:	O
</s>
<s>
3	O
)	O
Revolution	O
:	O
Random	O
changes	O
occur	O
in	O
the	O
characteristics	O
of	O
some	O
countries	B-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
GSA	O
algorithm	O
uses	O
the	O
theory	O
of	O
Newtonian	O
physics	O
and	O
its	O
searcher	O
agents	B-General_Concept
are	O
the	O
collection	O
of	O
masses	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
GSA	O
,	O
agents	B-General_Concept
are	O
considered	O
as	O
objects	O
and	O
their	O
performance	O
is	O
measured	O
by	O
their	O
masses	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Bat	B-Algorithm
algorithm	I-Algorithm
is	O
a	O
swarm-intelligence-based	O
algorithm	O
,	O
inspired	O
by	O
the	O
echolocation	O
behavior	O
of	O
microbats	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
BA	O
automatically	O
balances	O
exploration	O
(	O
long-range	O
jumps	O
around	O
the	O
global	O
search	O
space	O
to	O
avoid	O
getting	O
stuck	O
around	O
one	O
local	O
maximum	O
)	O
with	O
exploitation	O
(	O
searching	O
in	O
more	O
detail	O
around	O
known	O
good	O
solutions	O
to	O
find	O
local	O
maxima	O
)	O
by	O
controlling	O
loudness	O
and	O
pulse	O
emission	O
rates	O
of	O
simulated	O
bats	B-Algorithm
in	O
the	O
multi-dimensional	O
search	O
space	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Artificial	B-Architecture
swarm	I-Architecture
intelligence	I-Architecture
is	O
a	O
real-time	O
closed-loop	O
system	O
of	O
human	O
users	O
connected	O
over	O
the	O
internet	O
and	O
structured	O
in	O
a	O
framework	O
modeled	O
after	O
natural	O
swarms	O
such	O
that	O
it	O
evokes	O
the	O
group	O
's	O
collective	O
wisdom	O
as	O
a	O
unified	O
emergent	O
intelligence	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2016	O
,	O
an	O
Artificial	B-Architecture
Swarm	I-Architecture
Intelligence	I-Architecture
group	O
from	O
Unanimous	O
A.I.	O
</s>
<s>
While	O
individual	O
metaphor-inspired	O
metaheuristics	B-Algorithm
have	O
produced	O
remarkably	O
effective	O
solutions	O
to	O
specific	O
problems	O
,	O
metaphor-inspired	O
metaheuristics	B-Algorithm
in	O
general	O
have	O
attracted	O
criticism	O
among	O
researchers	O
for	O
hiding	O
their	O
lack	O
of	O
effectiveness	O
or	O
novelty	O
behind	O
elaborate	O
metaphors	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
recent	O
years	O
,	O
the	O
field	O
of	O
combinatorial	O
optimization	O
has	O
witnessed	O
a	O
true	O
tsunami	O
of	O
"	O
novel	O
"	O
metaheuristic	B-Algorithm
methods	O
,	O
most	O
of	O
them	O
based	O
on	O
a	O
metaphor	O
of	O
some	O
natural	O
or	O
man-made	O
process	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
behavior	O
of	O
virtually	O
any	O
species	O
of	O
insects	O
,	O
the	O
flow	O
of	O
water	O
,	O
musicians	O
playing	O
together	O
–	O
it	O
seems	O
that	O
no	O
idea	O
is	O
too	O
far-fetched	O
to	O
serve	O
as	O
inspiration	O
to	O
launch	O
yet	O
another	O
metaheuristic	B-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
 [ I ] 	O
will	O
argue	O
that	O
this	O
line	O
of	O
research	O
is	O
threatening	O
to	O
lead	O
the	O
area	O
of	O
metaheuristics	B-Algorithm
away	O
from	O
scientific	O
rigor	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
large	O
(	O
and	O
increasing	O
)	O
number	O
of	O
publications	O
focuses	O
on	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
(	O
supposedly	O
)	O
new	O
metaheuristic	B-Algorithm
frameworks	O
based	O
on	O
metaphors	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
list	O
of	O
natural	O
or	O
man-made	O
processes	O
that	O
has	O
been	O
used	O
as	O
the	O
basis	O
for	O
a	O
metaheuristic	B-Algorithm
framework	O
now	O
includes	O
such	O
diverse	O
processes	O
as	O
bacterial	O
foraging	O
,	O
river	O
formation	O
,	O
biogeography	O
,	O
musicians	O
playing	O
together	O
,	O
electromagnetism	O
,	O
gravity	O
,	O
colonization	B-Algorithm
by	I-Algorithm
an	I-Algorithm
empire	I-Algorithm
,	O
mine	O
blasts	O
,	O
league	O
championships	O
,	O
clouds	O
,	O
and	O
so	O
forth	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
important	O
subcategory	O
is	O
found	O
in	O
metaheuristics	B-Algorithm
based	O
on	O
animal	O
behavior	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Ants	B-Algorithm
,	O
bees	O
,	O
bats	B-Algorithm
,	O
wolves	O
,	O
cats	O
,	O
fireflies	B-Algorithm
,	O
eagles	O
,	O
dolphins	O
,	O
frogs	O
,	O
salmon	O
,	O
vultures	O
,	O
termites	O
,	O
flies	B-Algorithm
,	O
and	O
many	O
others	O
,	O
have	O
all	O
been	O
used	O
to	O
inspire	O
a	O
"	O
novel	O
"	O
metaheuristic	B-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
 [ ... ] 	O
As	O
a	O
general	O
rule	O
,	O
publication	O
of	O
papers	O
on	O
metaphor-based	O
metaheuristics	B-Algorithm
has	O
been	O
limited	O
to	O
second-tier	O
journals	O
and	O
conferences	O
,	O
but	O
some	O
recent	O
exceptions	O
to	O
this	O
rule	O
can	O
be	O
found	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Proposing	O
new	O
paradigms	O
is	O
only	O
acceptable	O
if	O
they	O
contain	O
innovative	O
basic	O
ideas	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
those	O
that	O
are	O
embedded	O
in	O
classical	O
frameworks	O
like	O
genetic	B-Algorithm
algorithms	I-Algorithm
,	O
tabu	B-Algorithm
search	I-Algorithm
,	O
and	O
simulated	B-Algorithm
annealing	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
so-called	O
"	O
novel	O
"	O
methods	O
employ	O
analogies	O
that	O
range	O
from	O
intelligent	O
water	O
drops	O
,	O
musicians	O
playing	O
jazz	O
,	O
imperialist	B-Algorithm
societies	I-Algorithm
,	O
leapfrogs	O
,	O
kangaroos	O
,	O
all	O
types	O
of	O
swarms	O
and	O
insects	O
and	O
even	O
mine	O
blast	O
processes	O
(	O
Sörensen	O
,	O
2013	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
 [ ... ] 	O
Implementations	O
should	O
be	O
explained	O
by	O
employing	O
standard	O
optimization	O
terminology	O
,	O
where	O
a	O
solution	O
is	O
called	O
a	O
"	O
solution	O
"	O
and	O
not	O
something	O
else	O
related	O
to	O
some	O
obscure	O
metaphor	O
(	O
e.g.	O
,	O
harmony	O
,	O
flies	B-Algorithm
,	O
bats	B-Algorithm
,	O
countries	B-Algorithm
,	O
etc	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
emphasis	O
on	O
scientific	O
rigor	O
and	O
on	O
innovation	O
implies	O
,	O
in	O
particular	O
,	O
that	O
the	O
journal	O
does	O
not	O
publish	O
articles	O
that	O
simply	O
propose	O
disguised	O
variants	O
of	O
known	O
methods	O
without	O
adequate	O
validation	O
(	O
e.g.	O
,	O
metaheuristics	B-Algorithm
that	O
are	O
claimed	O
to	O
be	O
"	O
effective	O
"	O
on	O
the	O
sole	O
basis	O
of	O
metaphorical	O
comparisons	O
with	O
natural	O
or	O
artificial	O
systems	O
and	O
processes	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
