<s>
This	O
is	O
a	O
list	B-Device
of	I-Device
early	I-Device
microcomputers	I-Device
sold	O
to	O
hobbyists	O
and	O
developers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
microcomputers	B-Architecture
were	O
often	O
sold	O
as	O
"	O
DIY	O
"	O
kits	O
or	O
pre-built	O
machines	O
in	O
relatively	O
small	O
numbers	O
in	O
the	O
mid-1970s	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
systems	O
were	O
primarily	O
used	O
for	O
teaching	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
microprocessors	B-Architecture
and	O
supporting	O
peripheral	O
devices	O
,	O
and	O
unlike	O
home	O
computers	O
were	O
rarely	O
used	O
with	O
pre-written	O
application	O
software	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
RAM	B-Architecture
was	O
quite	O
small	O
in	O
the	O
unexpanded	O
systems	O
(	O
a	O
few	O
hundred	O
bytes	O
to	O
a	O
few	O
kilobytes	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
1976	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
pre-assembled	O
machines	O
was	O
growing	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
1977	O
introduction	O
of	O
the	O
"	O
Trinity	O
"	O
of	O
Commodore	B-Device
PET	I-Device
,	O
TRS-80	B-Device
and	O
Apple	B-Device
II	I-Device
generally	O
marks	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
the	O
"	O
early	O
"	O
microcomputer	B-Architecture
era	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
advent	O
of	O
the	O
consumer	O
home	O
computer	O
era	O
that	O
followed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Before	O
the	O
advent	O
of	O
microprocessors	B-Architecture
,	O
it	O
was	O
possible	O
to	O
build	O
small	O
computers	O
using	O
small-scale	O
integrated	O
circuits	O
(	O
ICs	O
)	O
,	O
where	O
each	O
IC	O
contained	O
only	O
a	O
few	O
logic	O
gates	O
or	O
flip-flops	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Kenbak-1	B-Device
(	O
1971	O
)	O
used	O
small	O
scale	O
integration	O
transistor-transistor	B-General_Concept
logic	I-General_Concept
(	O
TTL	B-General_Concept
)	O
ICs	O
and	O
had	O
256	O
bytes	O
of	O
memory	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Datapoint	B-Device
2200	I-Device
(	O
shipped	O
1971	O
)	O
was	O
the	O
first	O
machine	O
designed	O
to	O
use	O
a	O
microprocessor	B-Architecture
,	O
but	O
when	O
Intel	O
could	O
not	O
deliver	O
the	O
8008	B-General_Concept
in	O
time	O
,	O
they	O
released	O
the	O
machine	O
using	O
discrete	O
logic	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Educ-8	B-Device
(	O
1975	O
)	O
was	O
an	O
Electronics	O
Australia	O
magazine	O
project	O
describing	O
a	O
computer	O
built	O
from	O
TTL	B-General_Concept
ICs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
microprocessors	B-Architecture
were	O
developed	O
,	O
companies	O
often	O
released	O
simple	O
development	O
systems	O
to	O
bootstrap	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
the	O
processor	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Intel	O
's	O
Intellec	B-Device
computers	O
were	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
early	B-Device
microcomputers	I-Device
Intel	O
produced	O
starting	O
in	O
the	O
1970s	O
as	O
a	O
development	O
platform	O
for	O
their	O
processors	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Many	O
early	B-Device
microcomputers	I-Device
were	O
available	O
in	O
Electronic	O
kit	O
form	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Kits	O
were	O
popular	O
,	O
beginning	O
in	O
1975	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
introduction	O
of	O
the	O
famous	O
Altair	B-Architecture
8800	I-Architecture
,	O
but	O
as	O
sales	O
volumes	O
increased	O
,	O
kits	O
became	O
less	O
common	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ModelProcessorYearFormat	O
Remarks	O
RefSCELBI	O
Intel	O
80081974	O
Was	O
the	O
earliest	O
commercial	O
kit	O
computer	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
Intel	B-General_Concept
8008	I-General_Concept
microprocessor	B-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
inventors.about.comMark-8Intel	O
80081974Plans	O
published	O
,	O
an	O
etched	O
board	O
was	O
available	O
but	O
constructors	O
had	O
to	O
source	O
all	O
parts	O
p	O
.	O
4/8	O
,	O
A	O
history	O
of	O
the	O
personal	O
computer	O
:	O
the	O
people	O
and	O
the	O
technology	O
,	O
Roy	O
A	O
.	O
Allan	O
,	O
2001	O
,	O
.MITS	O
Altair	O
8800Intel	O
80801975Etched	O
boards	O
and	O
partsIntroduced	O
S-100	O
busComp-Sultants	O
Micro	O
440Intel	O
40401975	O
First	O
4040-based	O
microSWTPC	O
6800Motorola	O
68001975	O
Introduced	O
SS-50	O
busCOSMAC	O
ELFRCA	O
18021976	O
Apple	O
IMOS	O
Technology	O
65021976Assembled	O
PCB	O
;	O
buyer	O
supplied	O
rest	O
of	O
components	O
Nascom	B-Operating_System
,	O
Nascom	B-Operating_System
1	O
Zilog	B-General_Concept
Z80	I-General_Concept
1977	O
Nascom	B-Operating_System
2	O
Z80	B-General_Concept
1979	O
Telmac	B-Device
1800	I-Device
RCA	B-General_Concept
1802	I-General_Concept
1977	O
Newbear	O
77-68Motorola	O
68001977	O
Heathkit	O
H8Intel	O
80801977All	O
parts	O
,	O
case	O
and	O
power	O
supply	O
,	O
detailed	O
instructions	O
Heathkit	O
was	O
a	O
notable	O
manufacturer	O
of	O
electronics	O
kits	O
Heathkit	O
H11LSI-111977All	O
parts	O
,	O
case	O
and	O
power	O
supply	O
,	O
detailed	O
instructions	O
A	O
16-bit	O
microcomputer	B-Architecture
compatible	O
with	O
a	O
PDP-11	B-Device
Electronics	O
Australia	O
77up2	O
aka	O
"	O
Baby	O
2650	O
"	O
Signetics	B-General_Concept
2650	I-General_Concept
1977	O
Netronics	O
ELF	O
IIRCA	O
18021977	O
Quest	O
SuperELFRCA	O
18021974	O
Elektor	O
TV	O
Games	O
ComputerSignetics	O
26501979	O
System	O
68Motorola	O
6800	O
1977	O
Electronics	O
Today	O
International	O
magazine	O
project	O
PSI	O
comp	O
80Z801979	O
By	O
Powertran	O
from	O
a	O
design	O
in	O
the	O
magazine	O
Wireless	O
World	O
Science	O
of	O
Cambridge	O
MK14National	O
Semiconductor	O
SC/MP	B-Device
1978	O
Low-cost	O
kit	O
expandable	O
to	O
video	O
output	O
http://www.nvg.ntnu.no/sinclair/computers/mk14/mk14_pe0579.htm	O
"	O
Science	O
of	O
Cambridge	O
MK14	B-Device
"	O
,	O
May	O
1979	O
,	O
retrieved	O
2011	O
July	O
2Acorn	O
System	O
1	O
65021979	O
Tangerine	B-Device
Microtan	I-Device
65	I-Device
65021979	O
Rack-based	O
extendible	O
systemCompukit	O
UK101	B-Device
65021979	O
Practical	O
Electronics	O
magazine	O
project	O
(	O
Clone	O
of	O
Ohio	B-Application
Scientific	I-Application
Superboard	B-Application
II	I-Application
)	O
BASIC	O
in	O
ROM	O
Sinclair	B-Operating_System
ZX80	I-Operating_System
Z801980	O
Were	O
among	O
the	O
last	O
popular	O
kit	O
systems	O
Sinclair	O
ZX81	O
Z801981	O
Were	O
among	O
the	O
last	O
popular	O
kit	O
systems	O
MicroBee	B-Device
Zilog	B-General_Concept
Z80	I-General_Concept
1982	O
The	O
computer	O
was	O
conceived	O
as	O
a	O
kit	O
,	O
with	O
assembly	O
instructions	O
included	O
in	O
Your	O
Computer	O
magazine	O
,	O
in	O
February	O
1982	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
number	O
of	O
complete	O
microcomputers	B-Architecture
were	O
offered	O
even	O
before	O
kits	O
became	O
popular	O
,	O
dating	O
to	O
as	O
far	O
back	O
as	O
1973	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
some	O
time	O
there	O
was	O
a	O
major	O
market	O
for	O
assembled	O
versions	O
of	O
the	O
Altair	B-Architecture
8800	I-Architecture
,	O
a	O
market	O
that	O
grew	O
significantly	O
through	O
the	O
late	O
1970s	O
and	O
into	O
the	O
early	O
1980s	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
introduction	O
of	O
three	O
computers	O
aimed	O
at	O
personal	O
users	O
in	O
1977	O
,	O
the	O
Radio	B-Device
Shack	I-Device
TRS-80	I-Device
,	O
Apple	B-Device
II	I-Device
,	O
and	O
Commodore	B-Device
PET	I-Device
,	O
significantly	O
changed	O
the	O
market	O
and	O
led	O
to	O
the	O
home	O
computer	O
revolution	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
MicroSystems	O
International	O
's	O
CPS-1	O
,	O
using	O
a	O
locally	O
produced	O
microprocessor	B-Architecture
based	O
on	O
the	O
design	O
of	O
the	O
Intel	B-General_Concept
4004	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Micral	B-Device
N	I-Device
(	O
1973	O
)	O
was	O
awarded	O
the	O
title	O
of	O
"	O
the	O
first	O
personal	O
computer	O
using	O
a	O
microprocessor	B-Architecture
"	O
by	O
a	O
panel	O
at	O
the	O
Computer	O
History	O
Museum	O
in	O
1986	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Sord	O
Computer	O
Corporation	O
's	O
SMP80/08	O
,	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
Intel	B-General_Concept
8008	I-General_Concept
,	O
was	O
announced	O
in	O
early	O
1973	O
,	O
but	O
never	O
commercially	O
released	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
followed	O
by	O
the	O
SMP80/x	O
,	O
which	O
debuted	O
in	O
May	O
1974	O
and	O
used	O
the	O
Intel	B-General_Concept
8080	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
MCM/70	B-Device
was	O
a	O
1974	O
Intel	O
8008-based	O
design	O
,	O
primarily	O
designed	O
to	O
run	O
APL	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
According	O
to	O
the	O
IEEE	O
Annals	O
of	O
Computer	O
History	O
,	O
the	O
MCM/70	B-Device
is	O
the	O
earliest	O
commercial	O
,	O
non-kit	O
personal	O
computer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Atlacatl	O
Home	O
Computer	O
:	O
Was	O
a	O
salvadoran	O
made	O
microcomputer	B-Architecture
based	O
in	O
locally	O
sourced	O
(	O
from	O
Texas	O
Instruments	O
Soyapango	O
factory	O
)	O
6512	B-General_Concept
processors	O
strarting	O
at	O
1.7897	O
Mhz	O
,	O
TMC0280	B-Application
Voice	B-Application
synthesizer	I-Application
,	O
TMS9918	B-Architecture
Video	O
Interface	O
with	O
genlock	O
capability	O
and	O
starting	O
at	O
32	O
KB	O
of	O
DRAM	O
,	O
originally	O
announced	O
in	O
January	O
1977	O
and	O
launched	O
after	O
several	O
delays	O
in	O
manufacturing	O
in	O
December	O
of	O
that	O
year	O
,	O
proved	O
popular	O
in	O
the	O
country	O
mostly	O
with	O
their	O
Atlacatl	O
Monica	O
accounting	O
software	O
and	O
TV	O
compatible	O
output	O
with	O
genlock	O
capabilities	O
was	O
used	O
extensively	O
by	O
low-budget	O
TV	O
stations	O
in	O
Central	O
America	O
until	O
around	O
1985	O
,	O
the	O
company	O
broke	O
in	O
1989	O
after	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
draconian	O
import	O
regulations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
IBM	B-Device
5100	I-Device
was	O
an	O
early	O
portable	O
computer	O
with	O
integrated	O
monitor	O
;	O
the	O
5100	O
was	O
possibly	O
the	O
first	O
portable	O
microcomputer	B-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
Many	O
people	O
think	O
the	O
famous	O
IBM	O
PC	O
(	O
the	O
5150	O
)	O
was	O
IBM	O
's	O
first	O
micro	O
but	O
there	O
were	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
microcomputer	B-Architecture
models	O
released	O
by	O
IBM	O
beginning	O
in	O
1975	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Digital	O
Group	O
was	O
the	O
first	O
company	O
to	O
produce	O
mostly	O
complete	O
systems	O
,	O
both	O
as	O
kits	O
and	O
assembled	O
,	O
built	O
around	O
the	O
Zilog	B-General_Concept
Z80	I-General_Concept
processor	O
in	O
1975	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Their	O
products	O
also	O
included	O
options	O
for	O
MOS	B-General_Concept
6502	I-General_Concept
and	O
Motorola	B-Device
6800	I-Device
processors	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Sphere	B-Device
1	I-Device
,	O
a	O
1975	O
personal	O
computer	O
that	O
was	O
among	O
the	O
earliest	O
complete	O
all-in-one	O
microcomputers	B-Architecture
that	O
could	O
be	O
plugged	O
in	O
,	O
turned	O
on	O
,	O
and	O
be	O
fully	O
functional	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ECD	O
Micromind	O
,	O
introduced	O
1977	O
MOS	B-Architecture
Technology	I-Architecture
6512	I-Architecture
(	O
6502	B-General_Concept
w/	O
external	O
clock	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
MPT8080	B-Device
Microtutor	O
,	O
an	O
Intel	B-General_Concept
8080	I-General_Concept
–	O
based	O
microprocessor	B-Architecture
trainer	O
introduced	O
1977	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
of	O
2011	O
,	O
the	O
MPT8080	B-Device
was	O
still	O
available	O
for	O
sale	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ComPAN	B-Device
8	I-Device
was	O
a	O
Polish	O
microcomputer	B-Architecture
in	O
the	O
1980s	O
designed	O
in	O
the	O
Institute	O
of	O
Industry	O
Automation	O
Systems	O
PAN	O
in	O
Gliwice	O
and	O
produced	O
in	O
the	O
MERA-ELZAB	O
factory	O
in	O
Zabrze	O
.	O
</s>
