<s>
This	O
is	O
a	O
list	O
of	O
the	O
origins	O
of	O
computer-related	O
terms	O
or	O
terms	O
used	O
in	O
the	O
computing	O
world	O
(	O
i.e.	O
,	O
a	O
list	B-Library
of	I-Library
computer	I-Library
term	I-Library
etymologies	I-Library
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
relates	O
to	O
both	O
computer	B-Architecture
hardware	I-Architecture
and	O
computer	B-Application
software	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Names	O
of	O
many	O
computer	O
terms	O
,	O
especially	O
computer	O
applications	O
,	O
often	O
relate	O
to	O
the	O
function	O
they	O
perform	O
,	O
e.g.	O
,	O
a	O
compiler	B-Language
is	O
an	O
application	O
that	O
compiles	B-Language
(	O
programming	O
language	O
source	O
code	O
into	O
the	O
computer	O
's	O
machine	B-Language
language	I-Language
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ABEND	B-Application
–	O
originally	O
from	O
an	O
IBM	B-Application
System/360	I-Application
error	O
message	O
,	O
short	O
for	O
"	O
abnormal	B-Application
end	I-Application
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Jokingly	O
reinterpreted	O
as	O
German	O
Abend	B-Application
(	O
"	O
evening	O
"	O
)	O
,	O
because	O
"	O
it	O
is	O
what	O
system	O
operators	O
do	O
to	O
the	O
machine	O
late	O
on	O
Friday	O
when	O
they	O
want	O
to	O
call	O
it	O
a	O
day.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
Ada	B-Language
–	O
named	O
after	O
Ada	B-General_Concept
Lovelace	I-General_Concept
,	O
who	O
is	O
considered	O
by	O
many	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
first	O
programmer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Apache	B-Application
–	O
originally	O
chosen	O
from	O
respect	O
for	O
the	O
Native	O
American	O
Indian	O
tribe	O
of	O
Apache	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
suggested	O
that	O
the	O
name	O
was	O
appropriate	O
,	O
as	O
Apache	B-Application
began	O
as	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
patches	O
to	O
code	O
written	O
for	O
NCSA	B-General_Concept
's	O
HTTPd	B-Application
daemon	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
AWK	B-Application
–	O
composed	O
of	O
the	O
initials	O
of	O
its	O
authors	O
Aho	O
,	O
Weinberger	O
,	O
and	O
Kernighan	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
B	B-Language
–	O
probably	O
a	O
contraction	O
of	O
"	O
BCPL	B-Language
"	O
,	O
reflecting	O
Ken	O
Thompson	O
's	O
efforts	O
to	O
implement	O
a	O
smaller	O
BCPL	B-Language
in	O
8KB	O
of	O
memory	O
on	O
a	O
DEC	O
PDP-7	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
biff	B-Device
–	O
named	O
after	O
a	O
dog	O
known	O
by	O
the	O
developers	O
at	O
Berkeley	O
,	O
who	O
–	O
according	O
to	O
the	O
UNIX	B-Protocol
manual	I-Protocol
page	O
–	O
died	O
on	O
15	O
August	O
1993	O
,	O
at	O
the	O
age	O
of	O
15	O
,	O
and	O
belonged	O
to	O
a	O
certain	O
Heidi	O
Stettner	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Bon	O
–	O
created	O
by	O
Ken	O
Thompson	O
and	O
named	O
either	O
after	O
his	O
wife	O
Bonnie	O
,	O
or	O
else	O
after	O
"	O
a	O
religion	O
whose	O
rituals	O
involve	O
the	O
murmuring	O
of	O
magic	O
formulas	O
"	O
(	O
a	O
reference	O
to	O
the	O
Tibetan	O
native	O
religion	O
Bön	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
booting	B-Operating_System
or	O
bootstrapping	B-Application
–	O
from	O
the	O
phrase	O
"	O
to	B-Application
pull	I-Application
oneself	I-Application
up	I-Application
by	I-Application
one	I-Application
's	I-Application
bootstraps	I-Application
"	O
,	O
originally	O
used	O
as	O
a	O
metaphor	O
for	O
any	O
self-initiating	O
or	O
self-sustaining	O
process	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
bug	B-Application
–	O
often	O
(	O
but	O
erroneously	O
)	O
credited	O
to	O
Grace	O
Hopper	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1946	O
,	O
she	O
joined	O
the	O
Harvard	O
Faculty	O
at	O
the	O
Computation	O
Laboratory	O
where	O
she	O
traced	O
an	O
error	O
in	O
the	O
Harvard	B-Device
Mark	I-Device
II	I-Device
to	O
a	O
moth	O
trapped	O
in	O
a	O
relay	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
bug	B-Application
was	O
carefully	O
removed	O
and	O
taped	O
to	O
the	O
log	O
book	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
use	O
of	O
the	O
word	O
'	O
bug	B-Application
 '	O
to	O
describe	O
defects	O
in	O
mechanical	O
systems	O
dates	O
back	O
to	O
at	O
least	O
the	O
1870s	O
,	O
perhaps	O
especially	O
in	O
Scotland	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Thomas	O
Edison	O
,	O
for	O
one	O
,	O
used	O
the	O
term	O
in	O
his	O
notebooks	B-Device
and	O
letters	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
byte	B-Application
–	O
coined	O
by	O
Werner	O
Buchholz	O
in	O
June	O
1956	O
during	O
the	O
early	O
design	O
phase	O
for	O
the	O
IBM	B-Device
Stretch	I-Device
computer	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
C	B-Language
–	O
a	O
programming	O
language	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Dennis	O
Ritchie	O
,	O
having	O
improved	O
on	O
the	O
B	B-Language
language	I-Language
,	O
named	O
his	O
creation	O
New	O
B	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
He	O
later	O
renamed	O
it	O
C	B-Language
.	O
(	O
See	O
also	O
D	B-Application
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
C++	B-Language
–	O
an	O
object-oriented	B-Language
programming	I-Language
language	I-Language
,	O
a	O
successor	O
to	O
the	O
C	B-Language
programming	I-Language
language	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
C++	B-Language
creator	O
Bjarne	O
Stroustrup	O
named	O
his	O
new	O
language	O
"	O
C	B-Language
with	O
Classes	O
"	O
and	O
then	O
"	O
new	O
C	B-Language
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
original	O
language	O
began	O
to	O
be	O
called	O
"	O
old	O
C	B-Language
"	O
which	O
was	O
considered	O
insulting	O
to	O
the	O
C	B-Language
community	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
At	O
this	O
time	O
Rick	O
Mascitti	O
suggested	O
the	O
name	O
C++	B-Language
as	O
a	O
successor	O
to	O
C	B-Language
.	O
In	O
C	B-Language
the	O
'	O
++	O
 '	O
operator	O
increments	O
the	O
value	O
of	O
the	O
variable	O
it	O
is	O
appended	O
to	O
,	O
thus	O
C++	B-Language
would	O
increment	O
the	O
value	O
of	O
C	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
computer	O
–	O
from	O
the	O
human	O
computers	O
who	O
carried	O
out	O
calculations	O
mentally	O
and	O
possibly	O
with	O
mechanical	O
aids	O
,	O
now	B-Architecture
replaced	I-Architecture
by	O
electronic	O
programmable	O
computers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
cookie	B-Application
–	O
a	O
packet	O
of	O
information	O
that	O
travels	O
between	O
a	O
browser	B-Application
and	O
the	O
web	B-Application
server	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
term	O
was	O
coined	O
by	O
web	B-Application
browser	I-Application
programmer	O
Lou	O
Montulli	O
after	O
the	O
term	O
"	O
magic	O
cookies	B-Application
"	O
used	O
by	O
Unix	B-Application
programmers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
term	O
"	O
magic	O
cookie	B-Application
"	O
in	O
turn	O
derives	O
from	O
"	O
fortune	O
cookie	B-Application
"	O
,	O
a	O
cookie	B-Application
with	O
an	O
embedded	O
message	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Cursor	B-Application
(	O
user	O
interface	O
)	O
-	O
Cursor	B-Application
is	O
Latin	O
for	O
'	O
runner.	O
'	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
cursor	B-Application
is	O
the	O
name	O
given	O
to	O
the	O
transparent	O
slide	O
engraved	O
with	O
a	O
hairline	O
that	O
is	O
used	O
for	O
marking	O
a	O
point	O
on	O
a	O
slide	O
rule	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
D	B-Application
–	O
a	O
programming	O
language	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Designed	O
by	O
Walter	O
Bright	O
as	O
an	O
improved	O
C	B-Language
,	O
avoiding	O
many	O
of	O
the	O
design	O
problems	O
of	O
C	B-Language
(	O
e.g.	O
,	O
extensive	O
pointer	O
manipulation	O
,	O
unenforced	O
array	O
boundaries	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
daemon	B-Operating_System
–	O
a	O
process	O
in	O
an	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
that	O
runs	O
in	O
the	O
background	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
not	O
an	O
acronym	O
for	O
Disk	O
And	O
Execution	O
Monitor	O
:	O
according	O
to	O
the	O
original	O
team	O
that	O
introduced	O
the	O
concept	O
,	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
the	O
word	O
daemon	B-Operating_System
was	O
inspired	O
by	O
the	O
Maxwell	O
's	O
demon	B-Operating_System
of	O
physics	O
and	O
thermodynamics	O
(	O
an	O
imaginary	O
agent	O
which	O
helped	O
sort	O
molecules	O
with	O
differing	O
velocities	O
and	O
worked	O
tirelessly	O
in	O
the	O
background	O
)	O
The	O
term	O
was	O
embraced	O
,	O
and	O
possibly	O
popularized	O
,	O
by	O
the	O
Unix	B-Application
operating	I-Application
systems	I-Application
which	O
supported	O
multiple	O
background	O
processes	O
:	O
various	O
local	O
(	O
and	O
later	O
Internet	O
)	O
services	O
were	O
provided	O
by	O
daemons	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
is	O
exemplified	O
by	O
the	O
BSD	B-Operating_System
mascot	B-Application
,	O
John	O
Lasseter	O
's	O
drawing	O
of	O
a	O
friendly	O
imp	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Dashboard	B-Protocol
-	O
Originally	O
,	O
the	O
word	O
dashboard	B-Protocol
applied	O
to	O
a	O
barrier	O
of	O
wood	O
or	O
leather	O
fixed	O
at	O
the	O
front	O
of	O
a	O
horse-drawn	O
carriage	O
or	O
sleigh	O
to	O
protect	O
the	O
driver	O
from	O
mud	O
or	O
other	O
debris	O
"	O
dashed	O
up	O
"	O
(	O
thrown	O
up	O
)	O
by	O
the	O
horses	O
 '	O
hooves	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Debian	O
–	O
a	O
Linux	B-Application
distribution	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
default	B-General_Concept
–	O
an	O
initial	O
value	O
for	O
a	O
variable	O
or	O
user	O
setting	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
original	O
meaning	O
of	O
the	O
word	O
'	O
default	B-General_Concept
 '	O
is	O
'	O
failure	O
to	O
fulfill	O
an	O
obligation	O
 '	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
obligation	O
here	O
is	O
to	O
provide	O
an	O
input	O
that	O
is	O
required	O
by	O
a	O
program	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
early	O
days	O
of	O
programming	O
,	O
if	O
an	O
input	O
value	O
was	O
missing	O
,	O
or	O
'	O
null	O
 '	O
,	O
the	O
program	B-Application
would	O
almost	O
certainly	O
crash	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
is	O
often	O
to	O
do	O
with	O
variable	O
'	O
typing	O
 '	O
–	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
a	O
simple	O
calculation	O
program	B-Application
would	O
expect	O
a	O
number	O
as	O
an	O
input	O
:	O
any	O
other	O
type	O
of	O
input	O
such	O
as	O
a	O
text	O
string	O
or	O
even	O
a	O
null	O
(	O
no	O
value	O
)	O
,	O
would	O
make	O
any	O
mathematical	O
operation	O
such	O
as	O
multiplication	O
impossible	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Over	O
time	O
,	O
the	O
term	O
'	O
default	B-General_Concept
 '	O
has	O
come	O
to	O
refer	O
to	O
the	O
initial	O
value	O
itself	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Ethernet	O
–	O
a	O
computer	B-Architecture
networking	I-Architecture
technology	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
According	O
to	O
Robert	O
Metcalfe	O
(	O
one	O
of	O
its	O
initial	O
developers	O
)	O
,	O
he	O
devised	O
the	O
name	O
in	O
an	O
early	O
company	O
memo	O
as	O
an	O
endocentric	O
compound	O
of	O
"	O
luminiferous	O
ether	O
"	O
—	O
the	O
"	O
substance	O
"	O
that	O
was	O
widely	O
believed	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
medium	O
through	O
which	O
electromagnetic	O
radiation	O
propagated	O
in	O
the	O
late	O
19th	O
century	O
—	O
and	O
"	O
net	O
"	O
,	O
short	O
for	O
"	O
network	B-Architecture
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
the	O
networking	O
team	O
would	O
describe	O
data	O
flowing	O
into	O
the	O
network	B-Architecture
infrastructure	I-Architecture
,	O
they	O
would	O
routinely	O
describe	O
it	O
as	O
data	O
packets	O
going	O
"	O
up	O
into	O
the	O
ether	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
finger	B-Application
–	O
Unix	B-Application
command	I-Application
that	O
provides	O
information	O
about	O
users	O
logged	O
into	O
a	O
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Les	O
Earnest	O
wrote	O
the	O
finger	B-Application
program	B-Application
in	O
1971	O
to	O
provide	O
for	O
users	O
who	O
wanted	O
information	O
about	O
other	O
users	O
on	O
a	O
network	B-Architecture
or	O
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Gentoo	B-Application
–	O
a	O
Linux	B-Application
distribution	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Named	O
after	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
penguin	O
,	O
the	O
universal	O
Linux	B-Application
mascot	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Git	B-Application
–	O
a	O
distributed	B-Protocol
version	I-Protocol
control	I-Protocol
system	I-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
project	O
's	O
initial	O
README	O
file	O
,	O
Linus	O
Torvalds	O
wrote	O
that	O
"	O
 '	O
git	B-Application
 '	O
can	O
mean	O
anything	O
,	O
depending	O
on	O
your	O
mood	O
"	O
,	O
and	O
offers	O
several	O
definitions	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
GNU	B-Operating_System
–	O
a	O
project	O
with	O
an	O
original	O
goal	O
of	O
creating	O
a	O
free	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Gnu	B-Operating_System
(	O
also	O
called	O
wildebeest	O
)	O
are	O
a	O
genus	O
of	O
African	O
antelopes	O
resembling	O
cattle	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
founder	O
of	O
the	O
GNU	B-Operating_System
project	O
Richard	O
Stallman	O
liked	O
the	O
name	O
because	O
of	O
the	O
humour	O
associated	O
with	O
its	O
pronunciation	O
(	O
officially	O
,	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
was	O
also	O
influenced	O
by	O
The	O
Gnu	B-Operating_System
Song	O
,	O
by	O
Flanders	O
and	O
Swann	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
sung	O
by	O
a	O
gnu	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
also	O
an	O
early	O
example	O
of	O
a	O
recursive	O
acronym	O
:	O
"	O
GNU	B-Operating_System
's	I-Operating_System
Not	I-Operating_System
Unix	I-Operating_System
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Google	B-Application
–	O
a	O
search	B-Application
engine	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
name	O
started	O
as	O
an	O
exaggerated	O
boast	O
about	O
the	O
amount	O
of	O
information	O
the	O
search	B-Application
engine	I-Application
would	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
search	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Gopher	B-Protocol
–	O
an	O
early	O
protocol	B-Protocol
for	O
distributing	O
documents	O
over	O
a	O
network	B-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
name	O
was	O
coined	O
by	O
developer	O
Farhad	O
Anklesaria	O
,	O
as	O
a	O
play	O
on	O
,	O
an	O
assistant	O
who	O
fetches	O
things	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
gopher	B-Protocol
,	O
who	O
digs	O
,	O
as	O
if	O
through	O
nested	O
hierarchies	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
name	O
was	O
also	O
inspired	O
by	O
Goldy	O
Gopher	B-Protocol
,	O
the	O
mascot	B-Application
for	O
the	O
University	O
of	O
Minnesota	O
where	O
the	O
protocol	B-Protocol
was	O
developed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
name	O
comes	O
from	O
a	O
command	O
in	O
the	O
Unix	B-Application
text	B-Application
editor	I-Application
ed	B-Application
that	O
takes	O
the	O
form	O
g/re/p	B-Application
meaning	O
search	O
globally	O
for	O
a	O
regular	O
expression	O
and	O
print	O
lines	O
where	O
instances	O
are	O
found	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
"	O
Grep	B-Application
"	O
like	O
"	O
Google	B-Application
"	O
is	O
often	O
used	O
as	O
a	O
verb	O
,	O
meaning	O
"	O
to	O
search	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Hotmail	B-Operating_System
–	O
free	O
email	O
service	O
,	O
now	O
named	O
Outlook.com	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
Sabeer	O
Bhatia	O
came	O
up	O
with	O
the	O
business	O
plan	O
for	O
the	O
mail	O
service	O
,	O
he	O
tried	O
all	O
kinds	O
of	O
names	O
ending	O
in	O
'	O
mail	O
 '	O
and	O
finally	O
settled	O
for	O
Hotmail	B-Operating_System
as	O
it	O
included	O
the	O
letters	O
"	O
HTML	B-Language
"	O
–	O
the	O
markup	O
language	O
used	O
to	O
write	O
web	O
pages	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
initially	O
referred	O
to	O
as	O
HoTMaiL	B-Operating_System
with	O
selective	O
upper	O
casing	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
i18n	B-General_Concept
–	O
short	O
for	O
"	O
internationalization	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
"	O
18	O
"	O
is	O
for	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
letters	O
between	O
the	O
i	O
and	O
the	O
n	O
.	O
Related	O
,	O
less	O
common	O
terms	O
include	O
l10n	O
(	O
for	O
localization	O
)	O
,	O
g11n	B-General_Concept
(	O
for	O
globalization	O
)	O
and	O
a11y	O
(	O
for	O
accessibility	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ICQ	B-Protocol
–	O
an	O
instant	B-Application
messaging	I-Application
service	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ICQ	B-Protocol
is	O
not	O
an	O
initialism	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
a	O
play	O
on	O
the	O
phrase	O
"	O
I	B-Protocol
seek	I-Protocol
you	I-Protocol
"	O
or	O
"	O
Internet	O
seek	O
you	O
"	O
(	O
similar	O
to	O
CQ	O
in	O
ham	O
radio	O
usage	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ID10T	O
–	O
pronounced	O
"	O
ID	B-Application
ten	O
T	O
"	O
–	O
is	O
a	O
code	O
frequently	O
used	O
by	O
a	O
customer	O
service	O
representative	O
(	O
CSR	O
)	O
to	O
annotate	O
their	O
notes	O
and	O
identify	O
the	O
source	O
of	O
a	O
problem	O
as	O
the	O
person	O
who	O
is	O
reporting	O
the	O
problem	O
rather	O
than	O
the	O
system	O
being	O
blamed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Jakarta	B-Language
Project	I-Language
–	O
a	O
project	O
constituted	O
by	O
Sun	O
and	O
Apache	B-Application
to	O
create	O
a	O
web	B-Application
server	I-Application
for	O
Java	B-Application
servlets	I-Application
and	O
JSPs	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Jakarta	O
was	O
the	O
name	O
of	O
the	O
conference	O
room	O
at	O
Sun	O
where	O
most	O
of	O
the	O
meetings	O
between	O
Sun	O
and	O
Apache	B-Application
took	O
place	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
conference	O
room	O
was	O
most	O
likely	O
named	O
after	O
Jakarta	O
,	O
the	O
capital	O
city	O
of	O
Indonesia	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
located	O
on	O
the	O
northwest	O
coast	O
of	O
the	O
island	O
of	O
Java	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Java	B-Device
–	O
a	O
programming	O
language	O
by	O
Sun	O
Microsystems	O
,	O
later	O
acquired	O
by	O
Oracle	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Named	O
after	O
,	O
a	O
blend	O
of	O
coffee	O
from	O
the	O
island	O
of	O
Java	B-Device
,	O
and	O
also	O
used	O
as	O
slang	O
for	O
coffee	O
in	O
general	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
JavaScript	B-Language
–	O
a	O
programming	O
language	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
originally	O
developed	O
by	O
Brendan	O
Eich	O
of	O
Netscape	O
under	O
the	O
name	O
"	O
Mocha	B-Language
"	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
later	O
renamed	O
to	O
"	O
LiveScript	O
"	O
,	O
and	O
finally	O
to	O
"	O
JavaScript	B-Language
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
change	O
of	O
name	O
from	O
LiveScript	O
to	O
JavaScript	B-Language
roughly	O
coincided	O
with	O
Netscape	O
adding	O
support	O
for	O
Java	B-Device
technology	I-Device
in	O
its	O
Netscape	B-Protocol
Navigator	I-Protocol
web	B-Application
browser	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
JavaScript	B-Language
was	O
first	O
introduced	O
and	O
deployed	O
in	O
the	O
Netscape	O
browser	B-Application
version	O
2.0B3	O
in	O
December	O
1995	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
naming	O
has	O
caused	O
confusion	O
,	O
giving	O
the	O
impression	O
that	O
the	O
language	O
is	O
a	O
spin-off	O
of	O
Java	B-Device
,	O
and	O
it	O
has	O
been	O
characterized	O
by	O
many	O
as	O
a	O
marketing	O
ploy	O
by	O
Netscape	O
to	O
give	O
JavaScript	B-Language
the	O
cachet	O
of	O
what	O
was	O
then	O
the	O
hot	O
new	O
web-programming	O
language	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Kerberos	B-Application
–	O
a	O
computer	B-Architecture
network	I-Architecture
authentication	O
protocol	B-Protocol
that	O
is	O
used	O
by	O
both	O
Windows	B-Application
2000	I-Application
and	O
Windows	B-Application
XP	I-Application
as	O
their	O
default	B-General_Concept
authentication	O
method	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
created	O
by	O
programmers	O
at	O
MIT	O
in	O
the	O
1970s	O
,	O
they	O
wanted	O
a	O
name	O
that	O
suggested	O
high	O
security	O
for	O
the	O
project	O
,	O
so	O
they	O
named	O
it	O
after	O
Kerberos	B-Application
,	O
in	O
Greek	O
mythology	O
the	O
three-headed	O
dog	O
guarding	O
the	O
gates	O
of	O
Hades	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
reference	O
to	O
Greek	O
mythology	O
is	O
most	O
likely	O
because	O
Kerberos	B-Application
was	O
developed	O
as	O
part	O
of	O
Project	B-Operating_System
Athena	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Linux	B-Application
–	O
an	O
operating	B-Operating_System
system	I-Operating_System
kernel	I-Operating_System
,	O
and	O
the	O
common	O
name	O
for	O
many	O
of	O
the	O
operating	B-General_Concept
systems	I-General_Concept
which	O
use	O
it	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Linux	B-Application
creator	O
Linus	O
Torvalds	O
originally	O
used	O
the	O
MINIX	B-Operating_System
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
on	O
his	O
computer	O
,	O
did	O
n't	O
like	O
it	O
,	O
liked	O
DOS	B-Device
less	O
,	O
and	O
started	O
a	O
project	O
to	O
develop	O
an	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
that	O
would	O
address	O
the	O
problems	O
of	O
MINIX	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Hence	O
the	O
working	O
name	O
was	O
Linux	B-Application
(	O
Linus	O
 '	O
Minix	B-Operating_System
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Originally	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
Linus	O
had	O
planned	O
to	O
have	O
it	O
named	O
Freax	O
(	O
free	O
+	O
freak	O
+	O
x	B-Operating_System
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
His	O
friend	O
Ari	O
Lemmke	O
encouraged	O
Linus	O
to	O
upload	O
it	O
to	O
a	O
network	B-Architecture
so	O
it	O
could	O
be	O
easily	O
downloaded	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Ari	O
gave	O
Linus	O
a	O
directory	O
named	O
linux	B-Application
on	O
his	O
FTP	B-Protocol
server	I-Protocol
,	O
as	O
he	O
did	O
not	O
like	O
the	O
name	O
Freax	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Lisa	B-Device
–	O
A	O
personal	B-Device
computer	I-Device
designed	O
at	O
Apple	O
Computer	O
during	O
the	O
early	O
1980s	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Apple	O
stated	O
that	O
Lisa	B-Device
was	O
an	O
acronym	O
for	O
Local	O
Integrated	O
Software	O
Architecture	O
;	O
however	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
often	O
inferred	O
that	O
the	O
machine	O
was	O
originally	O
named	O
after	O
the	O
daughter	O
of	O
Apple	O
co-founder	O
Steve	O
Jobs	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
this	O
acronym	O
was	O
invented	O
later	O
to	O
fit	O
the	O
name	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
play	O
on	O
the	O
terms	O
"	O
software	O
"	O
and	O
"	O
hardware	B-Architecture
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Macintosh	B-Device
,	O
Mac	B-Device
–	O
a	O
personal	B-Device
computer	I-Device
from	O
Apple	O
Computer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Oracle	B-General_Concept
–	O
a	O
relational	B-Application
database	I-Application
management	I-Application
system	I-Application
(	O
RDBMS	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Larry	O
Ellison	O
,	O
Ed	B-Application
Oates	O
and	O
Bob	O
Miner	O
were	O
working	O
on	O
a	O
consulting	O
project	O
for	O
the	O
CIA	O
(	O
Central	O
Intelligence	O
Agency	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
code	O
name	O
for	O
the	O
project	O
was	O
Oracle	B-General_Concept
(	O
the	O
CIA	O
evidently	O
saw	O
this	O
as	O
a	O
system	O
that	O
would	O
give	O
answers	O
to	O
all	O
questions	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
project	O
was	O
designed	O
to	O
use	O
the	O
newly	O
written	O
SQL	B-Language
database	I-Language
language	O
from	O
IBM	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
They	O
kept	O
the	O
name	O
Oracle	B-General_Concept
and	O
created	O
the	O
RDBMS	O
engine	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Pac-Man	B-Application
–	O
a	O
video	O
arcade	O
game	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
term	O
comes	O
from	O
paku	B-Application
paku	I-Application
which	O
is	O
a	O
Japanese	O
onomatopoeia	O
used	O
for	O
noisy	O
eating	O
;	O
similar	O
to	O
chomp	O
chomp	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
game	O
was	O
released	O
in	O
Japan	O
with	O
the	O
name	O
Puck-Man	B-Application
,	O
and	O
released	O
in	O
the	O
US	O
with	O
the	O
name	O
Pac-Man	B-Application
,	O
fearing	O
that	O
kids	O
may	O
deface	O
a	O
Puck-Man	B-Application
cabinet	O
by	O
changing	O
the	O
P	O
to	O
an	O
F	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Patch	O
–	O
A	O
set	O
of	O
changes	O
to	O
a	O
computer	B-Application
program	I-Application
or	O
its	O
supporting	O
data	O
designed	O
to	O
update	O
,	O
fix	O
,	O
or	O
improve	O
it	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
PCMCIA	B-Architecture
–	O
the	O
standards	O
body	O
for	O
PC	B-Architecture
card	I-Architecture
and	O
ExpressCard	B-Device
,	O
expansion	O
card	O
form	O
factors	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Personal	B-Device
Computer	I-Device
Memory	O
Card	O
International	O
Association	O
is	O
an	O
international	O
standards	O
body	O
that	O
defines	O
and	O
promotes	O
standards	O
for	O
expansion	O
devices	O
such	O
as	O
modems	B-Application
and	O
external	O
hard	B-Device
disk	I-Device
drives	I-Device
to	O
be	O
connected	O
to	O
notebook	B-Device
computers	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Over	O
time	O
,	O
the	O
acronym	O
PCMCIA	B-Architecture
has	O
been	O
used	O
to	O
refer	O
to	O
the	O
PC	B-Architecture
card	I-Architecture
form	O
factor	O
used	O
on	O
notebook	B-Device
computers	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Pentium	B-General_Concept
–	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
microprocessors	B-Architecture
from	O
Intel	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
fifth	O
microprocessor	B-Architecture
in	O
the	O
80x86	B-Operating_System
series	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
would	O
have	O
been	O
named	O
i586	B-General_Concept
or	O
80586	O
,	O
but	O
Intel	O
decided	O
to	O
name	O
it	O
Pentium	B-General_Concept
(	O
penta	O
=	O
five	O
)	O
after	O
it	O
lost	O
a	O
trademark	O
infringement	O
lawsuit	O
against	O
AMD	O
due	O
to	O
a	O
judgment	O
that	O
numbers	O
like	O
"	O
286	O
"	O
,	O
"	O
386	O
"	O
,	O
and	O
"	O
486	O
"	O
cannot	O
be	O
trademarked	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
According	O
to	O
Intel	O
,	O
Pentium	B-General_Concept
conveys	O
a	O
meaning	O
of	O
strength	O
,	O
like	O
titanium	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
some	O
early	O
Pentium	B-General_Concept
chips	O
contained	O
a	O
mathematical	O
precision	O
error	O
,	O
it	O
has	O
been	O
jokingly	O
suggested	O
that	O
the	O
reason	O
for	O
the	O
chip	O
being	O
named	O
Pentium	B-General_Concept
rather	O
than	O
586	B-General_Concept
was	O
that	O
Intel	O
chips	O
would	O
calculate	O
486	O
+	O
100	O
=	O
585.99999948	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Perl	B-Language
–	O
an	O
interpreted	B-Application
scripting	B-Language
language	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Perl	B-Language
was	O
originally	O
named	O
Pearl	O
,	O
after	O
the	O
"	O
pearl	O
of	O
great	O
price	O
"	O
of	O
Matthew	O
13:46	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Larry	O
Wall	O
,	O
the	O
creator	O
of	O
Perl	B-Language
,	O
wanted	O
to	O
give	O
the	O
language	O
a	O
short	O
name	O
with	O
positive	O
connotations	O
and	O
claims	O
to	O
have	O
looked	O
at	O
(	O
and	O
rejected	O
)	O
every	O
three	O
-	O
and	O
four-letter	O
word	O
in	O
the	O
dictionary	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Although	O
the	O
original	O
manuals	O
suggested	O
the	O
backronyms	O
"	O
Practical	B-Language
Extraction	I-Language
and	I-Language
Report	I-Language
Language	I-Language
"	O
and	O
"	O
Pathologically	B-Language
Eclectic	I-Language
Rubbish	I-Language
Lister	I-Language
"	O
,	O
these	O
were	O
intended	O
humorously	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Originally	O
named	O
"	O
Personal	B-Application
Home	I-Application
Page	I-Application
Tools	I-Application
"	O
by	O
creator	O
Rasmus	O
Lerdorf	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
rewritten	O
by	O
developers	O
Zeev	O
Suraski	O
and	O
Andi	O
Gutmans	O
who	O
gave	O
it	O
the	O
recursive	O
name	O
"	O
PHP	B-Application
Hypertext	I-Application
Preprocessor	I-Application
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Lerdorf	O
currently	O
insists	O
the	O
name	O
should	O
not	O
be	O
thought	O
of	O
as	O
standing	O
for	O
anything	O
,	O
for	O
he	O
selected	O
"	O
Personal	B-Application
Home	I-Application
Page	I-Application
"	O
as	O
the	O
name	O
when	O
he	O
did	O
not	O
foresee	O
PHP	B-Application
evolving	O
into	O
a	O
general-purpose	O
programming	O
language	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Pine	B-Operating_System
–	O
e-mail	B-Protocol
client	I-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
Many	O
people	O
believe	O
that	O
Pine	B-Operating_System
stands	O
for	O
"	O
Pine	B-Operating_System
Is	I-Operating_System
Not	I-Operating_System
Elm	I-Operating_System
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
one	O
of	O
its	O
original	O
authors	O
,	O
Laurence	O
Lundblade	O
,	O
insists	O
this	O
was	O
never	O
the	O
case	O
and	O
that	O
it	O
started	O
off	O
simply	O
as	O
a	O
word	O
and	O
not	O
an	O
acronym	O
;	O
his	O
first	O
choice	O
of	O
a	O
backronym	O
for	O
pine	B-Operating_System
would	O
be	O
"	O
Pine	B-Operating_System
Is	O
Nearly	O
Elm	B-Application
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Over	O
time	O
it	O
was	O
changed	O
to	O
mean	O
Program	B-Application
for	O
Internet	O
News	O
and	O
E-mail	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ping	B-Protocol
–	O
a	O
computer	B-Architecture
network	I-Architecture
tool	O
used	O
to	O
detect	O
hosts	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
author	O
of	O
ping	B-Protocol
,	O
Mike	O
Muuss	O
,	O
named	O
it	O
after	O
the	O
pulses	O
of	O
sound	O
made	O
by	O
a	O
sonar	B-Application
called	O
a	O
"	O
ping	B-Protocol
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Later	O
Dave	O
Mills	O
provided	O
the	O
backronym	O
"	O
Packet	B-Protocol
Internet	I-Protocol
Groper	I-Protocol
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Python	B-Language
–	O
an	O
interpreted	B-Application
scripting	B-Language
programming	I-Language
language	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Named	O
after	O
the	O
television	O
series	O
Monty	O
Python	B-Language
's	O
Flying	O
Circus	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Red	O
Hat	O
Linux	B-Application
–	O
a	O
Linux	B-Application
distribution	I-Application
from	O
Red	O
Hat	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
manual	O
of	O
the	O
beta	O
version	O
of	O
Red	O
Hat	O
Linux	B-Application
had	O
an	O
appeal	O
to	O
readers	O
to	O
return	O
the	O
hat	O
if	O
found	O
by	O
anyone	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
RSA	B-Architecture
–	O
an	O
asymmetric	B-Application
algorithm	I-Application
for	O
public	B-Application
key	I-Application
cryptography	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Samba	B-Language
–	O
a	O
free	O
implementation	O
of	O
Microsoft	O
's	O
networking	O
protocol	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
name	O
samba	B-Language
comes	O
from	O
inserting	O
two	O
vowels	O
into	O
the	O
name	O
of	O
the	O
standard	O
protocol	B-Protocol
that	O
Microsoft	B-Operating_System
Windows	I-Operating_System
network	I-Operating_System
file	O
system	O
use	O
,	O
named	O
Server	B-Operating_System
Message	I-Operating_System
Block	I-Operating_System
(	O
SMB	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
author	O
searched	O
a	O
dictionary	O
using	O
grep	B-Application
for	O
words	O
containing	O
S	O
M	O
and	O
B	B-Language
in	O
that	O
order	O
;	O
the	O
only	O
matches	O
were	O
Samba	B-Language
and	O
Salmonberry	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
shareware	B-License
–	O
coined	O
by	O
Bob	O
Wallace	O
to	O
describe	O
his	O
word	O
processor	O
PC-Write	O
in	O
early	O
1983	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
term	O
spam	O
is	O
derived	O
from	O
the	O
Monty	O
Python	B-Language
SPAM	O
sketch	O
,	O
set	O
in	O
a	O
cafe	O
where	O
everything	O
on	O
the	O
menu	O
includes	O
SPAM	O
luncheon	O
meat	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
SPIM	B-Application
–	O
a	O
simulator	O
for	O
a	O
virtual	O
machine	O
closely	O
resembling	O
the	O
instruction	O
set	O
of	O
MIPS	B-Device
processors	I-Device
,	O
is	O
simply	O
MIPS	O
spelled	O
backwards	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
recent	O
time	O
,	O
spim	B-Application
has	O
also	O
come	O
to	O
mean	O
SPam	O
sent	O
over	O
Instant	B-Application
Messaging	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Swing	B-Language
–	O
a	O
graphics	O
library	O
for	O
Java	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Swing	B-Language
was	O
the	O
code-name	O
of	O
the	O
project	O
that	O
developed	O
the	O
new	O
graphic	O
components	O
(	O
the	O
successor	O
of	O
AWT	B-Language
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
named	O
after	O
swing	B-Language
,	O
a	O
style	O
of	O
dance	O
band	O
jazz	B-Device
that	O
was	O
popularized	O
in	O
the	O
1930s	O
and	O
unexpectedly	O
revived	O
in	O
the	O
1990s	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Although	O
an	O
unofficial	O
name	O
for	O
the	O
components	O
,	O
it	O
gained	O
popular	O
acceptance	O
with	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
the	O
word	O
in	O
the	O
package	O
names	O
for	O
the	O
Swing	B-Language
API	O
,	O
which	O
begin	O
with	O
javax.swing	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Tomcat	B-Language
–	O
a	O
web	B-Application
server	I-Application
from	O
the	O
Jakarta	B-Language
Project	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Tomcat	B-Language
was	O
the	O
code-name	O
for	O
the	O
JSDK	O
2.1	O
project	O
inside	O
Sun	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Tomcat	B-Language
started	O
off	O
as	O
a	O
servlet	B-Application
specification	O
implementation	O
by	O
James	O
Duncan	O
Davidson	O
who	O
was	O
a	O
software	O
architect	O
at	O
Sun	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Davidson	O
had	O
initially	O
hoped	O
that	O
the	O
project	O
would	O
be	O
made	O
open-source	B-Application
,	O
and	O
since	O
most	O
open-source	B-Application
projects	O
had	O
O'Reilly	O
books	O
on	O
them	O
with	O
an	O
animal	O
on	O
the	O
cover	O
,	O
he	O
wanted	O
to	O
name	O
the	O
project	O
after	O
an	O
animal	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
He	O
came	O
up	O
with	O
Tomcat	B-Language
since	O
he	O
reasoned	O
the	O
animal	O
represented	O
something	O
that	O
could	O
take	O
care	O
of	O
and	O
fend	O
for	O
itself	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
troff	B-Language
–	O
a	O
document	O
processing	O
system	O
for	O
Unix	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Troff	B-Language
stands	O
for	O
"	O
typesetter	O
roff	O
"	O
,	O
although	O
many	O
people	O
have	O
speculated	O
that	O
it	O
actually	O
means	O
"	O
Times	O
roff	O
"	O
because	O
of	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
the	O
Times	O
font	O
family	O
in	O
troff	B-Language
by	O
default	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Troff	B-Language
has	O
its	O
origins	O
from	O
roff	O
,	O
an	O
earlier	O
formatting	O
program	B-Application
,	O
whose	O
name	O
is	O
a	O
contraction	O
of	O
"	O
run	O
off	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Trojan	O
horse	O
–	O
a	O
malicious	O
program	B-Application
that	O
is	O
disguised	O
as	O
legitimate	O
software	B-Application
.	I-Application
</s>
<s>
Tux	B-Application
–	O
The	O
penguin	O
mascot	B-Application
used	O
as	O
the	O
primary	O
logo	O
for	O
the	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
kernel	I-Operating_System
,	O
and	O
Linux-based	B-Application
operating	I-Application
systems	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Linus	O
Torvalds	O
,	O
the	O
creator	O
of	O
Linux	B-Application
,	O
suggested	O
a	O
penguin	O
mascot	B-Application
because	O
he	O
"	O
likes	O
penguins	O
a	O
lot	O
"	O
,	O
and	O
wanted	O
Linux	B-Application
to	O
be	O
associated	O
with	O
something	O
"	O
kind	O
of	O
goofy	O
and	O
fun	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
logo	O
was	O
originally	O
created	O
by	O
Larry	O
Ewing	O
in	O
1996	O
as	O
an	O
entry	O
in	O
a	O
Linux	B-Application
Logo	O
competition	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
name	O
Tux	B-Application
was	O
contributed	O
by	O
James	O
Hughes	O
,	O
who	O
suggested	O
"	O
(	O
T	O
)	O
orvolds	O
(	O
U	O
)	O
ni(X )	O
—	O
TUX	B-Application
!	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
Ubuntu	B-Operating_System
Linux	I-Operating_System
–	O
a	O
Debian-based	O
Linux	B-Application
distribution	I-Application
sponsored	O
by	O
Canonical	O
Ltd	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Derived	O
from	O
ubuntu	B-Operating_System
,	O
a	O
South	O
African	O
ideology	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Unix	B-Application
–	O
an	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
Bell	O
Labs	O
pulled	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
MULTiplexed	O
Information	O
and	O
Computing	O
System	O
(	O
MULTICS	B-Application
)	O
project	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
originally	O
a	O
joint	O
Bell	O
Labs/GE/MIT	O
project	O
,	O
Ken	O
Thompson	O
of	O
Bell	O
Labs	O
,	O
soon	O
joined	O
by	O
Dennis	O
Ritchie	O
,	O
wrote	O
a	O
simpler	O
version	O
of	O
the	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
for	O
a	O
spare	O
DEC	O
minicomputer	O
,	O
allegedly	O
found	O
in	O
a	O
corridor	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
They	O
needed	O
an	O
OS	O
to	O
run	O
the	O
game	O
Space	B-Application
Travel	I-Application
,	O
which	O
had	O
been	O
compiled	B-Language
under	O
MULTICS	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
vi	B-Application
–	O
a	O
text	B-Application
editor	I-Application
,	O
</s>
<s>
Initialism	O
for	O
visual	O
,	O
a	O
command	O
in	O
the	O
ex	B-Device
editor	O
which	O
helped	O
users	O
to	O
switch	O
to	O
the	O
visual	O
mode	O
from	O
the	O
ex	B-Device
mode	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Vim	B-Application
–	O
a	O
text	B-Application
editor	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Acronym	O
for	O
Vi	B-Application
improved	I-Application
after	O
Vim	B-Application
added	O
several	O
features	O
over	O
the	O
vi	B-Application
editor	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Vim	B-Application
however	O
had	O
started	O
out	O
as	O
an	O
imitation	O
of	O
Vi	B-Application
and	O
was	O
expanded	O
as	O
Vi	B-Application
imitation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Virus	O
–	O
a	O
piece	O
of	O
program	B-Application
code	I-Application
that	O
spreads	O
by	O
making	O
copies	O
of	O
itself	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
was	O
One	O
,	O
includes	O
a	O
description	O
of	O
a	O
fictional	O
computer	B-Application
program	I-Application
named	O
VIRUS	O
that	O
worked	O
just	O
like	O
a	O
virus	O
(	O
and	O
was	O
countered	O
by	O
a	O
program	B-Application
named	O
ANTIBODY	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
term	O
"	O
computer	O
virus	O
"	O
also	O
appears	O
in	O
the	O
comic	O
book	O
"	O
Uncanny	O
X-Men	B-Device
"	O
No	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Wiki	B-Protocol
or	O
WikiWiki	O
–	O
a	O
hypertext	O
document	O
collection	O
or	O
the	O
collaborative	B-Application
software	I-Application
used	O
to	O
create	O
it	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Coined	O
by	O
Ward	O
Cunningham	O
,	O
the	O
creator	O
of	O
the	O
wiki	B-Protocol
concept	O
,	O
who	O
named	O
them	O
for	O
the	O
"	O
wiki	B-Protocol
wiki	B-Protocol
"	O
or	O
"	O
quick	O
"	O
shuttle	O
buses	O
at	O
Honolulu	O
Airport	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Wiki	B-Protocol
wiki	B-Protocol
was	O
the	O
first	O
Hawaiian	O
term	O
he	O
learned	O
on	O
his	O
first	O
visit	O
to	O
the	O
islands	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
airport	O
counter	O
agent	O
directed	O
him	O
to	O
take	O
the	O
wiki	B-Protocol
wiki	B-Protocol
bus	O
between	O
terminals	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Worm	O
–	O
a	O
self-replicating	O
program	B-Application
,	O
similar	O
to	O
a	O
virus	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
book	O
describes	O
programs	O
known	O
as	O
"	O
tapeworms	O
"	O
which	O
spread	O
through	O
a	O
network	B-Architecture
for	O
the	O
purpose	O
of	O
deleting	O
data	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Researchers	O
writing	O
an	O
early	O
paper	O
on	O
experiments	O
in	O
distributed	O
computing	O
noted	O
the	O
similarities	O
between	O
their	O
software	O
and	O
the	O
program	B-Application
described	O
by	O
Brunner	O
,	O
and	O
adopted	O
that	O
name	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
WYSIWYG	B-Application
–	O
describes	O
a	O
system	O
in	O
which	O
content	O
during	O
editing	O
appears	O
very	O
similar	O
to	O
the	O
final	O
product	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Acronym	O
for	O
What	B-Application
You	I-Application
See	I-Application
Is	I-Application
What	I-Application
You	I-Application
Get	I-Application
,	O
the	O
phrase	O
was	O
originated	O
by	O
a	O
newsletter	O
published	O
by	O
Arlene	O
and	O
Jose	O
Ramos	O
,	O
named	O
WYSIWYG	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
X	B-Operating_System
Window	I-Operating_System
System	I-Operating_System
–	O
a	O
windowing	B-Application
system	I-Application
for	O
computers	O
with	O
bitmap	O
displays	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
X	B-Operating_System
derives	O
its	O
name	O
as	O
a	O
successor	O
to	O
a	O
pre-1983	O
window	B-Application
system	I-Application
named	O
the	O
W	B-Application
Window	I-Application
System	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Yahoo	B-Application
!	I-Application
</s>
<s>
–	O
internet	O
portal	O
and	O
web	B-Application
directory	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Yahoo	B-Application
!	I-Application
</s>
<s>
'	O
s	O
history	O
site	O
says	O
the	O
name	O
is	O
an	O
acronym	O
for	O
"	O
Yet	O
Another	O
Hierarchical	O
Officious	O
Oracle	B-General_Concept
"	O
,	O
but	O
some	O
remember	O
that	O
in	O
its	O
early	O
days	O
(	O
mid-1990s	O
)	O
,	O
when	O
Yahoo	B-Application
!	I-Application
</s>
<s>
The	O
word	O
"	O
Yahoo	B-Application
!	I-Application
"	O
</s>
<s>
Yahoo	B-Application
!	I-Application
</s>
<s>
founders	O
Jerry	O
Yang	O
and	O
David	O
Filo	O
selected	O
the	O
name	O
because	O
they	O
considered	O
themselves	O
yahoos	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
zip	B-General_Concept
–	O
a	O
file	O
format	O
,	O
also	O
used	O
as	O
a	O
verb	O
to	O
mean	O
compress	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
compression	O
tool	O
Phil	O
Katz	O
created	O
was	O
named	O
PKZIP	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Zip	B-General_Concept
means	O
"	O
speed	O
"	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
wanted	O
to	O
imply	O
their	O
product	O
would	O
be	O
faster	O
than	O
ARC	O
and	O
other	O
compression	O
formats	O
of	O
the	O
time	O
.	O
</s>
