<s>
In	O
video	O
gaming	O
,	O
Pac-Man	B-Application
clones	I-Application
are	O
unauthorized	O
versions	O
of	O
Namco	O
's	O
popular	O
maze	O
chase	O
arcade	O
game	O
Pac-Man	B-Application
or	O
games	O
that	O
wholesale	O
borrow	O
the	O
design	O
of	O
Pac-Man	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
combined	O
sales	O
of	O
counterfeit	O
arcade	O
machines	O
sold	O
nearly	O
as	O
many	O
units	O
as	O
the	O
original	O
Pac-Man	B-Application
,	O
which	O
had	O
sold	O
more	O
than	O
300,000	O
machines	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Like	O
the	O
original	O
game	O
,	O
Pac-Man	B-Application
clones	I-Application
typically	O
have	O
the	O
goal	O
of	O
clearing	O
a	O
maze	O
of	O
dots	O
while	O
eluding	O
deadly	O
adversaries	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Clones	O
may	O
vary	O
the	O
audio/visual	O
theme	O
,	O
use	O
different	O
maze	O
layouts	O
,	O
slightly	O
tweak	O
features	O
,	O
or	O
even	O
invert	O
elements	O
such	O
as	O
filling	O
the	O
maze	O
rather	O
than	O
emptying	O
it	O
,	O
but	O
they	O
have	O
the	O
same	O
general	O
feel	O
of	O
Pac-Man	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Giant	O
List	O
of	O
Classic	O
Game	O
Programmers	O
lists	O
57	O
Pac-Man	B-Application
clones	I-Application
released	O
for	O
various	O
platforms	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Here	O
,	O
Pac-Man	B-Application
was	O
replaced	O
with	O
a	O
thief	B-Application
stealing	O
coins	O
from	O
a	O
bank	O
vault	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
ghosts	O
were	O
replaced	O
with	O
police	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
thief	B-Application
could	O
temporarily	O
block	O
passages	O
with	O
doors	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
game	O
was	O
later	O
licensed	O
to	O
Mattel	O
,	O
which	O
produced	O
the	O
Intellivision	B-Operating_System
and	O
Atari	B-General_Concept
2600	I-General_Concept
home	O
console	O
versions	O
in	O
1982	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Mighty	O
Mouth	O
is	O
a	O
game	O
by	O
A-1	O
Machines	O
that	O
District	O
Court	O
Judge	O
Warren	O
Keith	O
Urbom	O
described	O
as	O
"	O
for	O
all	O
practical	O
purposes	O
,	O
identical	O
to	O
Pac	O
...	O
"	O
Among	O
the	O
similarities	O
cited	O
were	O
the	O
color	O
and	O
shape	O
of	O
the	O
player	O
character	O
and	O
ghosts	O
,	O
the	O
maze	O
configurations	O
,	O
the	O
sound	O
effects	O
,	O
the	O
paths	O
of	O
the	O
characters	O
in	O
the	O
attract	O
mode	O
and	O
the	O
paths	O
of	O
the	O
characters	O
in	O
both	O
the	O
attract	O
mode	O
and	O
a	O
game	O
where	O
the	O
player	O
does	O
not	O
move	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Midway	O
,	O
owners	O
of	O
the	O
Pac-Man	B-Application
copyrights	O
,	O
were	O
granted	O
summary	O
judgment	O
for	O
copyright	O
and	O
trademark	O
infringement	O
in	O
1983	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Piranha	B-Application
was	O
released	O
by	O
GL	O
in	O
1981	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
central	O
character	O
is	O
a	O
dot-chomping	O
piranha	B-Application
,	O
and	O
squid	O
creatures	O
replace	O
the	O
ghost	O
monsters	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Thief	B-Application
was	O
released	O
by	O
Pacific	O
Novelty	O
in	O
1981	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
central	O
character	O
is	O
the	O
titular	O
Thief	B-Application
in	O
a	O
getaway	O
vehicle	O
,	O
while	O
police	O
officers	O
in	O
cars	O
replace	O
the	O
ghost	O
monsters	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Thief	B-Application
is	O
notable	O
for	O
using	O
approximately	O
eight	O
minutes	O
of	O
scripted	O
radio	O
communications	O
between	O
the	O
officers	O
,	O
played	O
from	O
a	O
cassette	B-Device
tape	I-Device
inside	O
the	O
game	O
cabinet	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Taxman	B-Device
is	O
a	O
1981	O
Pac-Man	B-Application
clone	I-Application
for	O
the	O
Apple	B-Device
II	I-Device
programmed	O
by	O
Brian	O
Fitzgerald	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Ghost	O
Hunter	O
from	O
Arcade	O
Plus	O
is	O
a	O
1981	O
clone	O
for	O
the	O
Atari	B-Device
8-bit	I-Device
family	I-Device
that	O
plays	O
The	O
Twilight	O
Zone	O
theme	O
at	O
the	O
start	O
of	O
the	O
game	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Jawbreaker	B-Application
(	O
1981	O
)	O
for	O
the	O
Atari	B-Device
8-bit	I-Device
family	I-Device
re-themed	O
the	O
gameplay	O
,	O
winning	O
a	O
best	O
action	O
game	O
award	O
in	O
1983	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Munchkin	B-Application
!	O
</s>
<s>
is	O
a	O
1981	O
release	O
in	O
the	O
official	O
line	O
of	O
games	O
for	O
the	O
Magnavox	B-Application
Odyssey²	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
very	O
heavily	O
based	O
on	O
Namco	O
's	O
1980	O
arcade	O
game	O
Pac-Man	B-Application
,	O
but	O
not	O
a	O
direct	O
clone	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
however	O
,	O
similar	O
enough	O
for	O
Atari	O
to	O
sue	O
Philips	O
and	O
force	O
them	O
to	O
cease	O
production	O
of	O
Munchkin	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
1982	O
case	O
Atari	O
,	O
Inc	O
.	O
v	O
.	O
North	O
American	O
Philips	O
Consumer	O
Electronics	O
Corp.	O
,	O
an	O
Appellate	O
court	O
found	O
that	O
Phillips	O
had	O
copied	O
Pac-Man	B-Application
and	O
made	O
alterations	O
that	O
"	O
only	O
tend	O
to	O
emphasize	O
the	O
extent	O
to	O
which	O
it	O
deliberately	O
copied	O
the	O
Plaintiff	O
's	O
work.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
ruling	O
was	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
first	O
to	O
establish	O
how	O
copyright	O
law	O
would	O
apply	O
to	O
the	O
look	B-Application
and	I-Application
feel	I-Application
of	O
computer	O
software	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Scarfman	B-Application
is	O
a	O
1981	O
Pac-Man	B-Application
clone	I-Application
for	O
the	O
monochrome	O
TRS-80	B-Device
computers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Gobble	O
a	O
Ghost	O
(	O
1982	O
,	O
CDS	O
Micro	O
Systems	O
)	O
for	O
the	O
16K	O
ZX	B-Operating_System
Spectrum	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Hungry	O
Horace	O
is	O
a	O
1982	O
Pac-Man	B-Application
clone	I-Application
for	O
the	O
ZX	B-Operating_System
Spectrum	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Munch	B-Application
Man	I-Application
is	O
a	O
1982	O
clone	O
from	O
Texas	O
Instruments	O
for	O
the	O
TI-99/4A	B-Device
home	O
computer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Instead	O
of	O
clearing	O
a	O
maze	O
,	O
the	O
player	O
fills	O
it	O
with	O
"	O
links	O
"	O
(	O
in	O
Munch	B-Application
Man	I-Application
parlance	O
)	O
a	O
change	O
made	O
by	O
TI	O
to	O
avoid	O
possible	O
lawsuits	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Snack	B-Application
Attack	I-Application
is	O
a	O
1982	O
clone	O
for	O
the	O
Apple	B-Device
II	I-Device
written	O
by	O
Dan	B-Application
Illowsky	I-Application
and	O
published	O
by	O
Datamost	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
became	O
a	O
top	O
selling	O
game	O
for	O
the	O
Apple	B-Device
II	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Snapper	O
initial	O
release	O
for	O
the	O
BBC	B-Device
Micro	I-Device
and	O
Acorn	B-Device
Electron	I-Device
,	O
by	O
Acornsoft	O
in	O
1982	O
,	O
was	O
so	O
close	O
to	O
Pac-Man	B-Application
(	O
including	O
the	O
design	O
of	O
the	O
game	O
's	O
characters	O
)	O
that	O
this	O
version	O
had	O
to	O
be	O
withdrawn	O
and	O
re-released	O
with	O
the	O
characters	O
changed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CatChum	B-Application
is	O
a	O
text-only	O
Pac-Man	B-Application
clone	I-Application
for	O
Kaypro	O
's	O
early	O
line	O
of	O
luggable	O
home	O
computers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Pac-man	B-Application
was	O
a	O
letter	O
C	O
which	O
went	O
from	O
upper	O
to	O
lower	O
case	O
,	O
intermittently	O
,	O
to	O
simulate	O
a	O
chomping	O
Pac-man	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
a	O
result	O
,	O
the	O
CatChum	B-Application
Pac-Man	B-Application
was	O
always	O
facing	O
right	O
,	O
even	O
when	O
chomping	O
pills	O
on	O
its	O
left	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
3-Demon	O
is	O
a	O
3D	O
vector-graphics	O
Pac-Man	B-Application
clone	I-Application
developed	O
by	O
PC	O
Research	O
in	O
1983	O
for	O
MS-DOS	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Jelly	O
Monsters	O
for	O
the	O
VIC-20	B-Device
is	O
a	O
faithful	O
port	O
of	O
Namco	O
's	O
Pac-Man	B-Application
by	O
HAL	O
Laboratory	O
who	O
had	O
the	O
home	O
computer	O
rights	O
to	O
Namco	O
's	O
games	O
in	O
Japan	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
,	O
but	O
when	O
the	O
games	O
were	O
released	O
in	O
North	O
America	O
,	O
the	O
names	O
were	O
changed	O
to	O
avoid	O
legal	O
issues	O
with	O
Atari	O
,	O
Inc	O
.	O
who	O
had	O
the	O
home	O
computer	O
rights	O
in	O
North	O
America	O
to	O
Jelly	O
Monsters	O
for	O
the	O
VIC-20	B-Device
which	O
was	O
published	O
by	O
Commodore	O
International	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Atari	O
ended	O
up	O
suing	O
HAL	O
and	O
Commodore	O
anyway	O
and	O
won	O
the	O
lawsuit	O
,	O
after	O
which	O
Atari	O
pulled	O
off	O
HAL	O
's	O
VIC-20	B-Device
port	O
and	O
released	O
their	O
own	O
version	O
,	O
after	O
the	O
lawsuit	O
HAL	O
sold	O
the	O
Japanese	O
home	O
computer	O
rights	O
to	O
Dempa	O
who	O
ended	O
up	O
porting	O
the	O
game	O
to	O
many	O
home	O
computers	O
in	O
Japan	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
excluded	O
the	O
MSX	B-Operating_System
version	O
of	O
the	O
game	O
of	O
which	O
Namco	O
ported	O
themselves	O
under	O
their	O
Namcot	O
branding	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Pac-Man	B-Application
is	O
a	O
clone	O
for	O
the	O
Xerox	B-Device
Alto	I-Device
,	O
the	O
first	O
computer	O
that	O
used	O
a	O
mouse-driven	O
Graphical	O
User	O
Interface	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
gameplay	O
is	O
slightly	O
unusual	O
as	O
the	O
Pac-Man	B-Application
character	O
is	O
controlled	O
with	O
a	O
mouse	O
.	O
</s>
