<s>
The	O
functional	B-Language
programming	I-Language
language	I-Language
Lisp	B-Language
is	O
the	O
second-oldest	O
high-level	B-Language
programming	I-Language
language	I-Language
with	O
direct	O
descendants	O
and	O
closely	O
related	O
dialects	O
still	O
in	O
widespread	O
use	O
today	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
language	O
Fortran	B-Application
is	O
older	O
by	O
one	O
year	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Lisp	B-Language
,	O
like	O
Fortran	B-Application
,	O
has	O
changed	O
a	O
lot	O
since	O
its	O
early	O
days	O
,	O
and	O
many	O
dialects	O
have	O
existed	O
over	O
its	O
history	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Today	O
,	O
the	O
most	O
widely	O
known	O
general-purpose	B-Language
Lisp	B-Language
dialects	O
are	O
Common	B-Language
Lisp	I-Language
and	O
Scheme	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Language	O
Year	O
begun	O
Created	O
by	O
(	O
at	O
)	O
Comments	O
References	O
Chialisp	O
2019	O
Bram	O
Cohen	O
Powerful	O
,	O
secure	O
LISP-like	O
language	O
for	O
Chia	O
blockchain	O
to	O
encumber	O
and	O
release	O
funds	O
with	O
smart-contract	O
abilities	O
ACL2	B-Application
1990	O
Robert	O
Boyer	O
,	O
J	O
Moore	O
,	O
Matt	O
Kaufmann	O
A	O
Computational	O
Logic	O
for	O
Applicative	O
Common	B-Language
Lisp	I-Language
consists	O
of	O
a	O
programming	O
language	O
,	O
an	O
extensible	O
theory	O
in	O
a	O
first-order	O
logic	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
mechanical	O
theorem	B-Application
prover	I-Application
Arc	B-Operating_System
2008	O
Paul	O
Graham	O
Dialect	O
of	O
Lisp	B-Language
developed	O
by	O
Paul	O
Graham	O
and	O
Robert	O
Morris	O
AutoLISP	B-Algorithm
1986	O
David	O
Betz	O
Built	O
to	O
include	O
and	O
use	O
with	O
the	O
full	O
version	O
of	O
AutoCAD	B-Algorithm
and	O
its	O
derivatives	O
BBN	B-Language
LISP	I-Language
1966	O
BBN	O
Based	O
on	O
L	O
.	O
Peter	O
Deutsch	O
's	O
implementation	O
of	O
Lisp	B-Language
for	O
PDP-1	B-Device
,	O
which	O
was	O
developed	O
from	O
1960	O
to	O
1964	O
;	O
in	O
time	O
language	O
was	O
expanded	O
until	O
it	O
became	O
its	O
own	O
separate	O
dialect	O
in	O
1966	O
;	O
later	O
renamed	O
Interlisp	B-Language
Chez	B-Language
Scheme	I-Language
1985	O
R	O
.	O
Kent	O
Dybvig	O
Scheme	B-Language
dialect	O
Chicken	B-Language
2000	O
Felix	O
Winkelmann	O
Scheme	B-Language
dialect	O
Clojure	B-Language
2007	O
Rich	O
Hickey	O
Lisp	B-Language
dialect	O
,	O
emphasizes	O
functional	B-Language
programming	I-Language
;	O
runs	O
on	O
Java	B-Language
virtual	I-Language
machine	I-Language
,	O
Common	O
Language	O
Runtime	O
,	O
and	O
JavaScript	B-Language
engines	O
;	O
like	O
other	O
Lisps	B-Language
,	O
treats	O
code	O
as	O
data	O
(	O
homoiconicity	O
)	O
and	O
has	O
a	O
macro	O
system	O
ANSI	B-Language
Common	I-Language
Lisp	I-Language
1994	O
ANSI	O
X3J13	B-Language
committee	O
Common	B-Language
Lisp	I-Language
enhanced	O
and	O
standardized	O
,	O
published	O
in	O
ANSI	O
standard	O
document	O
ANSI	O
INCITS	O
226-1994	O
;	O
to	O
the	O
features	O
of	O
Common	B-Language
Lisp	I-Language
,	O
it	O
adds	O
the	O
loop	O
macro	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
Common	B-Application
Lisp	I-Application
Object	I-Application
System	I-Application
(	O
CLOS	B-Application
)	O
to	O
provide	O
object-oriented	B-Language
programming	I-Language
paradigm	O
with	O
multiple	O
dispatch	O
(	O
multimethods	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
method	O
combinations	O
;	O
runs	O
on	O
many	O
platforms	O
:	O
Unix	B-Application
,	O
Linux	B-Application
,	O
macOS	B-Application
,	O
Windows	B-Application
,	O
JVM	B-Language
,	O
JavaScript	B-Language
,	O
Unix/C	O
,	O
LLVM/C	O
++	O
,	O
Android	B-Application
,	O
iOS	B-Application
Common	B-Language
Lisp	I-Language
1984	O
Lisp	B-Language
dialect	O
first	O
standardized	O
in	O
a	O
book	O
,	O
"	O
Common	B-Language
Lisp	I-Language
the	O
Language	O
"	O
,	O
by	O
Guy	O
L	O
.	O
Steele	O
,	O
developed	O
as	O
a	O
standardized	O
and	O
improved	O
successor	O
of	O
Maclisp	B-Language
;	O
statically	O
and	O
dynamically	B-Language
scoped	I-Language
;	O
strongly-typed	O
,	O
allows	O
(	O
optional	O
)	O
type	O
declarations	O
;	O
separate	O
namespaces	O
for	O
functions	O
versus	O
data	O
variables	O
,	O
a	O
trait	O
often	O
named	O
Lisp-2	O
;	O
object-oriented	B-Language
programming	I-Language
is	O
possible	O
via	O
libraries	O
such	O
as	O
Flavors	B-Language
,	O
CommonLOOPS	B-Language
,	O
and	O
later	O
CLOS	B-Application
;	O
treats	O
code	O
as	O
data	O
(	O
homoiconicity	O
)	O
and	O
has	O
a	O
macro	O
system	O
;	O
The	O
reader	B-Application
is	O
extensible	O
via	O
reader	B-Application
macros	O
Dylan	B-Language
1992	O
Apple	O
Computer	O
Mostly	O
based	O
on	O
Scheme	B-Language
and	O
Common	B-Language
Lisp	I-Language
,	O
was	O
designed	O
as	O
system	O
and	O
application	O
programming	O
language	O
by	O
Apple	O
;	O
first	O
used	O
to	O
write	O
an	O
operating	O
system	O
and	O
applications	O
for	O
internal	O
prototypes	O
of	O
the	O
later	O
released	O
Apple	O
Newton	O
computer	O
;	O
first	O
official	O
version	O
of	O
Apple	O
Dylan	B-Language
also	O
had	O
s-expression	B-Protocol
based	O
syntax	O
;	O
Apple	O
collaborated	O
with	O
partners	O
to	O
develop	O
this	O
language	O
Emacs	B-Operating_System
Lisp	I-Operating_System
1976	O
Richard	O
Stallman	O
Also	O
termed	O
Elisp	B-Operating_System
,	O
used	O
by	O
GNU	B-Application
Emacs	I-Application
and	O
XEmacs	B-Language
text	B-Application
editors	I-Application
to	O
implement	O
most	O
editing	O
functions	O
built	O
into	O
Emacs	O
EuLisp	B-Language
1990	O
Statically	O
and	O
dynamically	B-Language
scoped	I-Language
Lisp	B-Language
dialect	O
developed	O
by	O
a	O
loose	O
formation	O
of	O
industrial	O
and	O
academic	O
Lisp	B-Language
users	O
and	O
developers	O
across	O
Europe	O
;	O
the	O
standardizers	O
intended	O
to	O
create	O
a	O
new	O
Lisp	B-Language
"	O
less	O
encumbered	O
by	O
the	O
past	O
"	O
(	O
compared	O
to	O
Common	B-Language
Lisp	I-Language
)	O
,	O
and	O
not	O
so	O
minimalist	B-Device
as	O
Scheme	B-Language
,	O
and	O
to	O
integrate	O
the	O
object-oriented	B-Language
programming	I-Language
paradigm	O
well	O
Franz	O
Lisp	B-Language
1980	O
Richard	O
Fateman	O
Written	O
at	O
UC	O
Berkeley	O
by	O
the	O
students	O
of	O
Professor	O
Richard	O
J	O
.	O
Fateman	O
,	O
based	O
largely	O
on	O
Maclisp	B-Language
and	O
distributed	O
with	O
the	O
Berkeley	B-Operating_System
Software	I-Operating_System
Distribution	I-Operating_System
(	O
BSD	B-Operating_System
)	O
for	O
the	O
Digital	O
Equipment	O
Corp	O
(	O
DEC	O
)	O
VAX	B-Device
Game	B-Language
Oriented	I-Language
Assembly	I-Language
Lisp	I-Language
(	O
GOAL	O
)	O
2000s	O
Andy	O
Gavin	O
Video	O
game	O
programming	O
language	O
developed	O
by	O
Andy	O
Gavin	O
and	O
the	O
Jak	B-Application
and	I-Application
Daxter	I-Application
team	O
at	O
Naughty	O
Dog	O
;	O
written	O
using	O
Allegro	B-Language
Common	I-Language
Lisp	I-Language
;	O
used	O
in	O
developing	O
the	O
full	O
game	O
series	O
Hy	B-Language
2013	O
Paul	O
Tagliamonte	O
A	O
lisp	B-Language
with	O
tight	O
integration	O
with	O
Python	O
Ikarus	B-Language
2007	O
Abdulaziz	O
Ghuloum	O
Scheme	B-Language
dialect	O
Interlisp	B-Language
1967	O
BBN	O
Programming	O
environment	O
built	O
around	O
a	O
version	O
of	O
Lisp	B-Language
language	I-Language
;	O
development	O
began	O
in	O
1967	O
at	O
Bolt	O
,	O
Beranek	O
and	O
Newman	O
in	O
Cambridge	O
,	O
Massachusetts	O
as	O
BBN	B-Language
LISP	I-Language
,	O
which	O
ran	O
on	O
PDP-10	B-Device
machines	O
running	O
the	O
TENEX	B-Operating_System
operating	O
system	O
;	O
when	O
Danny	O
Bobrow	O
,	O
Warren	O
Teitelman	O
,	O
and	O
Ronald	O
Kaplan	O
moved	O
from	O
BBN	O
to	O
Xerox	O
PARC	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
renamed	O
Interlisp	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
ISLISP	B-Language
1997	O
WG16	O
Small	O
core	O
language	O
to	O
help	O
bridge	O
the	O
gap	O
between	O
differing	O
Lisp	B-Language
dialects	O
Le	B-Language
Lisp	I-Language
1981	O
INRIA	O
Designed	O
by	O
Jérôme	O
Chailloux	O
,	O
Emmanuel	O
St.	O
James	O
,	O
INRIA	O
Lisp	B-Language
Flavored	I-Language
Erlang	I-Language
(	O
LFE	B-Language
)	O
2008	O
Robert	O
Virding	O
Lisp	B-Language
dialect	O
built	O
on	O
Core	B-Operating_System
Erlang	I-Operating_System
and	O
the	O
Erlang	B-Application
virtual	I-Application
machine	I-Application
BEAM	B-Application
Lisp	B-Language
Machine	I-Language
Lisp	I-Language
1984	O
Sometimes	O
named	O
Zetalisp	B-Language
,	O
is	O
a	O
direct	O
descendant	O
of	O
Maclisp	B-Language
;	O
was	O
developed	O
in	O
the	O
mid	O
to	O
late	O
1970s	O
as	O
the	O
systems	O
programming	O
language	O
for	O
the	O
MIT	O
Lisp	B-Operating_System
machines	I-Operating_System
Lispkit	B-Language
Lisp	I-Language
1980	O
Peter	O
Henderson	O
A	O
lexically	O
scoped	B-Language
,	O
purely	O
functional	B-Language
subset	O
of	O
Lisp	B-Language
(	O
"	O
Pure	O
Lisp	B-Language
"	O
)	O
developed	O
as	O
a	O
testbed	O
for	O
functional	B-Language
programming	I-Language
concepts	O
.	O
</s>
