<s>
In	O
computing	O
,	O
ls	O
is	O
a	O
command	B-Application
to	O
list	O
computer	B-Operating_System
files	I-Operating_System
and	O
directories	O
in	O
Unix	B-Application
and	O
Unix-like	B-Operating_System
operating	I-Operating_System
systems	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
specified	O
by	O
POSIX	O
and	O
the	O
Single	O
UNIX	B-Application
Specification	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
available	O
in	O
the	O
EFI	B-Architecture
shell	I-Architecture
,	O
as	O
a	O
separate	O
package	O
for	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Windows	I-Application
as	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
UnxUtils	B-Application
collection	O
of	O
native	B-Language
Win32	B-Library
ports	O
of	O
common	O
GNU	B-Operating_System
Unix-like	B-Operating_System
utilities	O
,	O
</s>
<s>
or	O
as	O
part	O
of	O
ASCII	O
's	O
MSX-DOS2	O
Tools	O
for	O
MSX-DOS	B-Operating_System
version	O
2	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
other	O
environments	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
DOS	B-Device
,	O
OS/2	B-Application
,	O
and	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Windows	I-Application
,	O
similar	O
functionality	O
is	O
provided	O
by	O
the	O
dir	B-Device
command	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Check	O
the	O
documentation	O
provided	O
with	O
the	O
command	B-Application
for	O
correct	O
usage	O
and	O
options	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
ls	O
utility	O
appeared	O
in	O
the	O
first	O
version	O
of	O
AT&T	O
UNIX	B-Application
,	O
the	O
name	O
inherited	O
from	O
a	O
similar	O
command	B-Application
in	O
Multics	B-Application
also	O
named	O
'	O
ls	O
 '	O
,	O
short	O
for	O
the	O
word	O
"	O
list	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
inherited	O
into	O
the	O
first	O
version	O
of	O
POSIX.1	O
and	O
the	O
Single	O
Unix	B-Application
Specification	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Unix	B-Application
and	O
Unix-like	B-Operating_System
operating	I-Operating_System
systems	I-Operating_System
maintain	O
the	O
idea	O
of	O
a	O
working	B-Application
directory	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
invoked	O
without	O
arguments	O
,	O
ls	O
lists	O
the	O
files	O
in	O
the	O
working	B-Application
directory	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
refers	O
to	O
the	O
working	B-Application
directory	I-Application
and	O
"	O
..	O
"	O
refers	O
to	O
its	O
parent	O
directory	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
-l	O
long	O
format	O
,	O
displaying	O
Unix	B-Application
file	I-Application
types	I-Application
,	O
permissions	O
,	O
number	O
of	O
hard	B-Application
links	I-Application
,	O
owner	O
,	O
group	O
,	O
size	O
,	O
last-modified	O
date-time	O
and	O
name	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
option	O
is	O
not	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
POSIX	O
standard	O
,	O
although	O
implemented	O
in	O
several	O
systems	O
,	O
e.g.	O
,	O
GNU	B-Application
coreutils	I-Application
in	O
1997	O
,	O
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
4.5	O
in	O
2002	O
,	O
and	O
Solaris	O
9	O
in	O
2002	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
-c	O
sort	O
the	O
list	O
by	O
last	O
attribute	O
(	O
status	O
)	O
change	O
time	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
GNU	B-Operating_System
ls	O
uses	O
the	O
--color	O
option	O
;	O
it	O
checks	O
the	O
Unix	B-Application
file	I-Application
type	I-Application
,	O
the	O
file	O
permissions	O
and	O
the	O
file	O
extension	O
and	O
uses	O
its	O
own	O
database	O
to	O
control	O
colors	O
maintained	O
using	O
dircolors	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
following	O
example	O
demonstrates	O
the	O
output	O
of	O
the	O
command	B-Application
:	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
above	O
example	O
shows	O
the	O
"	O
d	O
"	O
(	O
directory	O
)	O
or	O
"	O
-	O
"	O
(	O
file	O
)	O
indicator	O
,	O
Unix	B-Application
file	O
permission	O
notation	O
,	O
number	O
of	O
hard	B-Application
links	I-Application
(	O
1	O
or	O
3	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
working	B-Application
directory	I-Application
the	O
owner	O
fjones	O
has	O
a	O
directory	O
named	O
drafts	O
,	O
a	O
regular	O
file	O
named	O
edition-32	O
,	O
and	O
an	O
old	O
executable	O
named	O
edit.sh	O
.	O
</s>
