<s>
Linux-based	B-Application
devices	I-Application
or	O
Linux	B-Application
devices	I-Application
are	O
computer	B-Architecture
appliances	I-Architecture
that	O
are	O
powered	O
by	O
the	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
kernel	I-Operating_System
and	O
possibly	O
parts	O
of	O
the	B-Operating_System
GNU	I-Operating_System
operating	I-Operating_System
system	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Device	O
manufacturers	O
 '	O
reasons	O
to	O
use	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
may	O
be	O
various	O
:	O
low	O
cost	O
,	O
security	O
,	O
stability	O
,	O
scalability	O
or	O
customizability	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Many	O
original	O
equipment	O
manufacturers	O
use	O
free	B-Application
and	I-Application
open	I-Application
source	I-Application
software	I-Application
to	O
brand	O
their	O
products	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Community	O
maintained	O
Linux	B-Application
devices	I-Application
are	O
also	O
available	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
devices	O
were	O
not	O
intended	O
to	O
run	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
at	O
the	O
time	O
of	O
their	O
production	O
,	O
but	O
a	O
community	O
effort	O
made	O
possible	O
either	O
full	O
or	O
partial	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
support	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Because	O
of	O
the	O
open	O
source	O
philosophy	O
that	O
free	B-Application
and	I-Application
open	I-Application
source	I-Application
software	I-Application
brings	O
to	O
the	O
software	O
world	O
,	O
many	O
people	O
have	O
ported	O
the	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
kernel	I-Operating_System
to	O
run	O
on	O
devices	O
other	O
than	O
a	O
typical	O
desktop	O
,	O
laptop	O
or	O
server	O
computer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Examples	O
include	O
iPods	B-Device
,	O
PlayStations	B-Device
,	O
Xbox	B-Application
,	O
TiVo	B-Application
,	O
and	O
WRT54G	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
original	O
hardware	O
vendors	O
are	O
in	O
some	O
cases	O
supportive	O
of	O
these	O
efforts	O
(	O
Linksys	O
with	O
the	O
WRT54G	B-Application
)	O
or	O
at	O
the	O
least	O
tolerate	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
such	O
software	O
by	O
end	O
users	O
(	O
see	O
TiVo	B-Application
hacking	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Android	B-Application
is	O
a	O
Linux-based	O
operating	O
system	O
optimised	O
for	O
mobile	O
touchscreen	O
environments	O
—	O
smartphones	B-Application
,	O
tablets	O
,	O
e-Books	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
like	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Developed	O
,	O
published	O
,	O
and	O
maintained	O
by	O
Google	B-Application
's	I-Application
Android	I-Application
Open	O
Source	O
Project	O
(	O
in	O
consultation	O
with	O
the	O
Open	O
Handset	O
Alliance	O
)	O
,	O
Android	B-Application
relieves	O
smartphone	B-Application
manufacturers	O
of	O
the	O
costs	O
of	O
developing	O
-	O
or	O
licensing	O
proprietary	O
handset	O
operating	O
systems	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
First	O
unveiled	O
in	O
2007	O
,	O
Android	B-Application
became	O
the	O
world	O
's	O
most	O
widely	O
deployed	O
smartphone	B-Application
platform	O
in	O
Q4	O
2010	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
September	O
2012	O
,	O
500	O
million	O
Android	B-Application
devices	O
had	O
been	O
activated	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
further	O
1.3	O
million	O
devices	O
being	O
activated	O
per	O
day	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Google	B-Device
Nexus	I-Device
developer	B-Application
phones	I-Application
are	O
the	O
flagship	O
brand	O
of	O
Android	B-Application
handsets	O
,	O
with	O
features	O
and	O
capabilities	O
that	O
represent	O
the	O
state	O
of	O
the	O
art	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
of	O
launch	O
(	O
typically	O
every	O
eleven	O
months	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
most	O
of	O
these	O
cases	O
the	O
OEMs	O
are	O
open	O
about	O
their	O
use	O
of	O
such	O
software	O
and	O
fulfil	O
the	O
requirements	O
of	O
their	O
Free	B-License
software	I-License
licenses	I-License
,	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
GNU	B-License
General	I-License
Public	I-License
License	I-License
(	O
GPL	B-License
)	O
,	O
but	O
in	O
a	O
small	O
number	O
of	O
cases	O
this	O
use	O
is	O
masked	O
,	O
either	O
deliberately	O
or	O
through	O
professed	O
ignorance	O
or	O
misunderstanding	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Violators	O
are	O
usually	O
found	O
through	O
public	O
records	O
,	O
where	O
they	O
may	O
be	O
forced	O
to	O
declare	O
their	O
implementations	O
,	O
or	O
through	O
their	O
own	O
advertising	O
,	O
for	O
example	O
"	O
Embedded	O
Software	O
Engineers	O
with	O
Mandatory	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
Experience	O
Required	O
"	O
on	O
their	O
careers	O
pages	O
,	O
and	O
yet	O
their	O
site	O
or	O
product	O
documentation	O
offers	O
no	O
source	O
download	O
or	O
offer	O
to	O
supply	O
the	O
software	O
source	O
as	O
required	O
by	O
the	O
license	O
GPL	B-License
.	O
</s>
<s>
Organizations	O
such	O
as	O
gpl-violations.org,	O
the	B-Operating_System
Free	I-Operating_System
Software	I-Operating_System
Foundation	I-Operating_System
(	O
FSF	O
)	O
and	O
the	O
Software	O
Freedom	O
Law	O
Center	O
(	O
SFLC	O
)	O
are	O
now	O
more	O
organized	O
at	O
pursuing	O
such	O
violators	O
and	O
obtaining	O
compliance	O
.	O
</s>
