<s>
Linode	B-General_Concept
,	O
LLC	O
(	O
)	O
was	O
an	O
American	O
cloud	B-Architecture
hosting	I-Architecture
provider	O
that	O
focused	O
on	O
providing	O
Linux-based	O
virtual	B-Architecture
machines	I-Architecture
,	O
cloud	O
infrastructure	O
,	O
and	O
managed	O
services	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2003	O
,	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
of	O
its	O
launch	O
,	O
Linode	B-General_Concept
was	O
considered	O
ahead	O
of	O
its	O
time	O
with	O
virtual	B-General_Concept
private	I-General_Concept
server	I-General_Concept
(	O
VPS	B-General_Concept
)	O
hosting	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
had	O
grown	O
over	O
the	O
years	O
into	O
a	O
multinational	O
corporation	O
,	O
well	O
recognized	O
by	O
developers	O
,	O
hobbyists	O
,	O
and	O
small	O
businesses	O
alike	O
,	O
with	O
over	O
800,000	O
customers	O
from	O
196	O
countries	O
and	O
data	B-Operating_System
centers	I-Operating_System
in	O
11	O
locations	O
around	O
the	O
world	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Linode	B-General_Concept
was	O
considered	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
largest	O
independent	O
cloud	O
infrastructure	O
providers	O
before	O
its	O
acquisition	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Linode	B-General_Concept
was	O
acquired	O
by	O
Akamai	B-Application
Technologies	I-Application
in	O
February	O
2022	O
for	O
$900	O
million	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Akamai	B-Application
discontinued	O
the	O
Linode	B-General_Concept
brand	O
on	O
February	O
14	O
,	O
2023	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
launch	O
of	O
its	O
"	O
Akamai	B-Application
Connected	O
Cloud	O
"	O
product	O
line	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
combination	O
of	O
the	O
Linode	B-General_Concept
cloud	B-Architecture
computing	I-Architecture
platform	I-Architecture
and	O
Akamai	B-Application
's	O
existing	O
content	B-Operating_System
delivery	I-Operating_System
network	I-Operating_System
business	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Linode	B-General_Concept
(	O
a	O
portmanteau	O
of	O
the	O
words	O
Linux	B-Application
and	O
node	B-Data_Structure
)	O
was	O
founded	O
in	O
2003	O
by	O
Christopher	O
Aker	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Linode	B-General_Concept
focused	O
on	O
providing	O
Linux-based	O
virtual	O
servers	O
to	O
hobbyists	O
,	O
developers	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
small	O
and	O
medium-sized	O
businesses	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Linode	B-General_Concept
continued	O
to	O
expand	O
over	O
the	O
years	O
,	O
relocating	O
to	O
the	O
historic	O
Corn	O
Exchange	O
National	O
Bank	O
building	O
in	O
Old	O
City	O
,	O
Philadelphia	O
,	O
in	O
2018	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Linode	B-General_Concept
opened	O
its	O
first	O
data	B-Operating_System
centers	I-Operating_System
in	O
Fremont	O
,	O
and	O
Dallas	O
in	O
2003	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Linode	B-General_Concept
transitioned	O
its	O
virtualization	B-General_Concept
platform	O
from	O
UML	B-Application
to	O
Xen	B-Operating_System
virtualization	B-General_Concept
in	O
March	O
of	O
2008	O
,	O
and	O
then	O
to	O
KVM	O
based	O
virtualization	B-General_Concept
in	O
mid-2015	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Over	O
the	O
years	O
,	O
Linode	B-General_Concept
launched	O
numerous	O
supporting	O
services	O
and	O
products	O
in	O
combination	O
with	O
its	O
core	O
Linux-based	O
VPS	B-General_Concept
product	O
(	O
typically	O
referred	O
to	O
as	O
"	O
Linodes	B-General_Concept
"	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
February	O
15	O
,	O
2022	O
,	O
Akamai	B-Application
Technologies	I-Application
announced	O
its	O
intent	O
to	O
acquire	O
Linode	B-General_Concept
for	O
$900	O
million	O
;	O
the	O
company	O
's	O
founder	O
and	O
CEO	B-Application
Tom	O
Leighton	O
stated	O
that	O
it	O
sought	O
to	O
"	O
combine	O
Linode	B-General_Concept
's	O
developer-friendly	O
cloud	B-Architecture
computing	I-Architecture
capabilities	O
with	O
Akamai	B-Application
’s	O
market-leading	O
edge	B-Device
platform	O
and	O
security	O
services	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
February	O
14	O
,	O
2023	O
,	O
Akamai	B-Application
announced	O
that	O
the	O
Linode	B-General_Concept
brand	O
had	O
been	O
discontinued	O
,	O
with	O
all	O
of	O
its	O
services	O
brought	O
under	O
those	O
of	O
its	O
parent	O
as	O
"	O
Akamai	B-Application
Connected	O
Cloud	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
company	O
announced	O
that	O
it	O
would	O
expand	O
the	O
footprint	O
of	O
the	O
former	O
Linode	B-General_Concept
service	O
offering	O
by	O
adding	O
13	O
new	O
sites	O
in	O
Europe	O
and	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
,	O
some	O
of	O
which	O
will	O
be	O
co-located	O
with	O
existing	O
Akamai	B-Application
facilities	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Linode	B-General_Concept
's	O
flagship	O
products	O
were	O
cloud-hosting	B-Architecture
services	O
with	O
multiple	O
packages	O
at	O
different	O
price	O
points	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
of	O
November	O
2019	O
,	O
Linode	B-General_Concept
offered	O
five	O
kinds	O
of	O
virtualization-based	O
computing	O
services	O
geared	O
towards	O
specific	O
customer	O
requirements	O
like	O
high	O
memory	O
requirements	O
,	O
dedicated	O
CPU	O
resources	O
,	O
virtual	B-Architecture
machines	I-Architecture
with	O
direct	O
access	O
to	O
GPUs	B-Architecture
,	O
or	O
general	O
purpose	O
usage	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Linode	B-General_Concept
Block	B-General_Concept
Storage	I-General_Concept
allowed	O
users	O
to	O
extend	O
their	O
server	O
storage	O
capacity	O
with	O
network-based	O
storage	O
volumes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Linode	B-General_Concept
Backup	B-General_Concept
allowed	O
customers	O
to	O
backup	B-General_Concept
their	O
servers	O
on	O
a	O
daily	O
,	O
weekly	O
,	O
or	O
biweekly	O
basis	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Linode	B-General_Concept
Manager	O
allowed	O
users	O
to	O
manage	O
multiple	O
server	O
instances	O
across	O
a	O
single	O
interface	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
September	O
2013	O
,	O
Linode	B-General_Concept
launched	O
Longview	O
,	O
a	O
system	O
performance	O
monitoring	O
package	O
for	O
Linux	B-Application
that	O
allowed	O
users	O
to	O
view	O
performance	O
metrics	O
of	O
their	O
instances	O
from	O
the	O
Linode	B-General_Concept
Cloud	O
Manager	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
late	O
October	O
2019	O
,	O
Linode	B-General_Concept
launched	O
its	O
S3-Compatible	O
Object	B-Application
Storage	I-Application
service	O
to	O
enable	O
customers	O
to	O
store	O
large	O
,	O
unstructured	B-Application
data	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
November	O
11	O
,	O
2019	O
,	O
at	O
CNCF	O
KubeCon	O
,	O
Linode	B-General_Concept
announced	O
the	O
availability	O
of	O
its	O
managed	O
Kubernetes	B-General_Concept
engine	O
service	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Linode	B-General_Concept
Kubernetes	B-General_Concept
Engine	O
(	O
LKE	O
)	O
Kubernetes	B-General_Concept
containers	O
as	O
a	O
service	O
application	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
GPU	B-Architecture
On-demand	O
cloud	O
GPU	B-Architecture
(	O
Graphical	B-Architecture
Processing	I-Architecture
Unit	I-Architecture
)	O
compute	O
configurations	O
for	O
parallel	O
processing	O
workloads	O
such	O
as	O
machine	O
learning	O
,	O
scientific	O
computing	O
,	O
and	O
video	O
processing	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Dedicated	O
CPU	O
Dedicated	O
CPU	O
instances	O
run	O
on	O
their	O
own	O
physical	O
CPU	O
cores	O
on	O
Linode	B-General_Concept
infrastructure	O
,	O
not	O
shared	O
by	O
other	O
tenants	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Shared	O
Linodes	B-General_Concept
A	O
balanced	O
compute	O
configuration	O
for	O
a	O
wide	O
range	O
of	O
cloud	B-Architecture
applications	I-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
Nanode	O
$5	O
per	O
month	O
entry	O
level	O
compute	O
package	O
to	O
run	O
a	O
fully	O
functioning	O
Linux	B-Application
distribution	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Linode	B-General_Concept
Object	B-Application
Storage	I-Application
Highly	O
available	O
and	O
scalable	O
S3-Compatible	O
object	B-Application
storage	I-Application
to	O
store	O
unstructured	B-Application
data	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Linode	B-General_Concept
Block	B-General_Concept
Storage	I-General_Concept
Block	B-General_Concept
storage	I-General_Concept
to	O
store	O
data	O
in	O
volumes	O
,	O
or	O
blocks	O
,	O
which	O
act	O
as	O
individual	O
hard	O
disk	O
drives	O
(	O
HDD	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Linode	B-General_Concept
Backups	O
Automatic	O
data	O
backup	B-General_Concept
service	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
NodeBalancers	O
Software-defined	O
,	O
managed	O
service	O
for	O
load	B-General_Concept
balancing	I-General_Concept
traffic	O
to	O
applications	O
running	O
on	O
compute	O
instances	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DNS	B-Protocol
Manager	O
Managed	O
Domain	B-Protocol
Name	I-Protocol
System	I-Protocol
(	O
DNS	B-Protocol
)	O
service	O
on	O
Linode	B-General_Concept
infrastructure	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Cloud	O
Manager	O
A	O
user	O
-	O
and	O
mobile-friendly	O
interface	O
to	O
deploy	O
and	O
manage	O
Linode	B-General_Concept
virtual	B-Architecture
machines	I-Architecture
,	O
configure	O
networking	O
,	O
and	O
control	O
user	O
accounts	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Linode	B-General_Concept
API	B-Application
API	B-Application
(	O
Application	B-Application
Programming	I-Application
Interface	I-Application
)	O
for	O
programmatic	O
access	O
to	O
the	O
Linode	B-General_Concept
platform	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Linode	B-General_Concept
CLI	B-Application
CLI	B-Application
(	O
Command	B-Application
Line	I-Application
Interface	I-Application
)	O
account	O
access	O
from	O
for	O
managing	O
Linode	B-General_Concept
infrastructure	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Images	O
Create	O
customer	O
Linux	B-Application
images	O
to	O
make	O
scaling	O
easier	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
StackScripts	O
Automatically	O
customize	O
Linode	B-General_Concept
infrastructure	O
deployments	O
with	O
StackScripts	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Linode	B-General_Concept
operated	O
11	O
data	B-Operating_System
centers	I-Operating_System
around	O
the	O
world	O
,	O
interconnected	O
by	O
a	O
backbone	B-General_Concept
network	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
company	O
maintained	O
internet	B-Protocol
exchange	I-Protocol
presence	O
and	O
peering	O
arrangements	O
and	O
with	O
internet	O
service	O
providers	O
(	O
ISPs	O
)	O
and	O
other	O
networks	O
in	O
each	O
region	O
to	O
improve	O
latency	O
and	O
connectivity	O
to	O
end	O
users	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
of	O
Q2	O
2020	O
,	O
Linode	B-General_Concept
was	O
available	O
in	O
11	O
regions	O
worldwide	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
region	O
is	O
a	O
specific	O
datacenter	B-Operating_System
in	O
a	O
geographical	O
location	O
where	O
users	O
can	O
deploy	O
cloud	O
resources	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Linode	B-General_Concept
is	O
a	O
recipient	O
of	O
the	O
Stevie	O
Award	O
for	O
Sales	O
and	O
Customer	O
Service	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2019	O
,	O
Linode	B-General_Concept
was	O
awarded	O
a	O
Top	O
Workplaces	O
honor	O
by	O
The	O
Philadelphia	O
Inquirer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Linode	B-General_Concept
’s	O
headquarters	O
building	O
received	O
the	O
2019	O
Grand	O
Jury	O
Award	O
from	O
the	O
Preservation	O
Alliance	O
for	O
Greater	O
Philadelphia	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
accounts	O
of	O
eight	O
Linode	B-General_Concept
customers	O
that	O
held	O
Bitcoin	B-Protocol
electronic	O
currency	O
were	O
compromised	O
in	O
March	O
2012	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Roughly	O
40,000	O
bitcoins	B-Protocol
were	O
stolen	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Hack	O
The	O
Planet	O
(	O
HTP	O
)	O
accessed	O
Linode	B-General_Concept
's	O
web	B-Application
servers	I-Application
in	O
2013	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
group	O
exploited	O
a	O
technical	O
vulnerability	O
in	O
Adobe	O
's	O
ColdFusion	B-Language
application	B-Application
server	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Linode	B-General_Concept
said	O
that	O
HTP	O
could	O
not	O
decrypt	O
any	O
financially	O
sensitive	O
information	O
and	O
reset	O
all	O
account	O
passwords	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Linode	B-General_Concept
announced	O
plans	O
to	O
introduce	O
two-factor	O
authentication	O
for	O
its	O
services	O
in	O
May	O
2013	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Starting	O
Christmas	O
Day	O
2015	O
and	O
continuing	O
until	O
January	O
10th	O
,	O
Linode	B-General_Concept
was	O
hit	O
by	O
large	O
and	O
frequent	O
DDoS	O
attacks	O
,	O
which	O
were	O
being	O
caused	O
by	O
a	O
"	O
bad	O
actor	O
"	O
purchasing	O
large	O
amounts	O
of	O
botnet	O
capacity	O
in	O
an	O
attempt	O
to	O
significantly	O
damage	O
Linode	B-General_Concept
's	O
business	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Linode	B-General_Concept
was	O
the	O
victim	O
of	O
another	O
severe	O
DDoS	O
attack	O
over	O
the	O
2016	O
Labor	O
Day	O
weekend	O
.	O
</s>
