<s>
In	O
computing	O
,	O
linked	B-Operating_System
data	I-Operating_System
(	O
often	O
capitalized	O
as	O
Linked	B-Operating_System
Data	I-Operating_System
)	O
is	O
structured	B-Application
data	I-Application
which	O
is	O
interlinked	O
with	O
other	O
data	O
so	O
it	O
becomes	O
more	O
useful	O
through	O
semantic	B-General_Concept
queries	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
builds	O
upon	O
standard	O
Web	O
technologies	O
such	O
as	O
HTTP	B-Protocol
,	O
RDF	O
and	O
URIs	B-Protocol
,	O
but	O
rather	O
than	O
using	O
them	O
to	O
serve	O
web	O
pages	O
only	O
for	O
human	O
readers	O
,	O
it	O
extends	O
them	O
to	O
share	O
information	O
in	O
a	O
way	O
that	O
can	O
be	O
read	O
automatically	O
by	O
computers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Part	O
of	O
the	O
vision	O
of	O
linked	B-Operating_System
data	I-Operating_System
is	O
for	O
the	O
Internet	O
to	O
become	O
a	O
global	O
database	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Linked	B-Operating_System
data	I-Operating_System
may	O
also	O
be	O
open	O
data	O
,	O
in	O
which	O
case	O
it	O
is	O
usually	O
described	O
as	O
Linked	O
Open	O
Data	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
his	O
2006	O
"	O
Linked	B-Operating_System
Data	I-Operating_System
"	O
note	O
,	O
Tim	O
Berners-Lee	O
outlined	O
four	O
principles	O
of	O
linked	B-Operating_System
data	I-Operating_System
,	O
paraphrased	O
along	O
the	O
following	O
lines	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Uniform	B-Protocol
Resource	I-Protocol
Identifiers	I-Protocol
(	O
URIs	B-Protocol
)	O
should	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
name	O
and	O
identify	O
individual	O
things	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
HTTP	B-Protocol
URIs	B-Protocol
should	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
allow	O
these	O
things	O
to	O
be	O
looked	O
up	O
,	O
interpreted	O
,	O
and	O
subsequently	O
"	O
dereferenced	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Useful	O
information	O
about	O
what	O
a	O
name	O
identifies	O
should	O
be	O
provided	O
through	O
open	O
standards	O
such	O
as	O
RDF	O
,	O
SPARQL	B-Language
,	O
etc	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
publishing	O
data	O
on	O
the	O
Web	O
,	O
other	O
things	O
should	O
be	O
referred	O
to	O
using	O
their	O
HTTP	B-Protocol
URI-based	O
names	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
All	O
conceptual	O
things	O
should	O
have	O
a	O
name	O
starting	O
with	O
HTTP	B-Protocol
.	I-Protocol
</s>
<s>
Looking	O
up	O
an	O
HTTP	B-Protocol
name	O
should	O
return	O
useful	O
data	O
about	O
the	O
thing	O
in	O
question	O
in	O
a	O
standard	O
format	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Anything	O
else	O
that	O
that	O
same	O
thing	O
has	O
a	O
relationship	O
with	O
through	O
its	O
data	O
should	O
also	O
be	O
given	O
a	O
name	O
beginning	O
with	O
HTTP	B-Protocol
.	I-Protocol
</s>
<s>
Linked	O
open	O
data	O
are	O
linked	B-Operating_System
data	I-Operating_System
that	O
are	O
open	O
data	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Tim	O
Berners-Lee	O
gives	O
the	O
clearest	O
definition	O
of	O
linked	O
open	O
data	O
in	O
differentiation	O
with	O
linked	B-Operating_System
data	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Large	O
linked	O
open	O
data	B-General_Concept
sets	I-General_Concept
include	O
DBpedia	B-Application
,	O
Wikibase	O
,	O
Wikidata	O
and	O
Open	O
Icecat	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
4	O
stars	O
:	O
data	O
follows	O
W3C	O
standards	O
,	O
like	O
using	O
RDF	O
and	O
employing	O
URIs	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
term	O
"	O
linked	O
open	O
data	O
"	O
has	O
been	O
in	O
use	O
since	O
at	O
least	O
February	O
2007	O
,	O
when	O
the	O
"	O
Linking	B-Operating_System
Open	I-Operating_System
Data	I-Operating_System
"	O
mailing	O
list	O
was	O
created	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
mailing	O
list	O
was	O
initially	O
hosted	O
by	O
the	O
SIMILE	B-Application
project	O
at	O
the	O
Massachusetts	O
Institute	O
of	O
Technology	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
goal	O
of	O
the	O
W3C	O
Semantic	O
Web	O
Education	O
and	O
Outreach	O
group	O
's	O
Linking	B-Operating_System
Open	I-Operating_System
Data	I-Operating_System
community	O
project	O
is	O
to	O
extend	O
the	O
Web	O
with	O
a	O
data	O
commons	O
by	O
publishing	O
various	O
open	O
datasets	B-General_Concept
as	O
RDF	O
on	O
the	O
Web	O
and	O
by	O
setting	O
RDF	O
links	O
between	O
data	O
items	O
from	O
different	O
data	O
sources	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
October	O
2007	O
,	O
datasets	B-General_Concept
consisted	O
of	O
over	O
two	O
billion	O
RDF	O
triples	O
,	O
which	O
were	O
interlinked	O
by	O
over	O
two	O
million	O
RDF	O
links	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
are	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
European	O
Union	O
projects	O
involving	O
linked	B-Operating_System
data	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Data	O
linking	O
is	O
one	O
on	O
the	O
main	O
goals	O
on	O
the	O
EU	O
Open	O
Data	O
Portal	O
,	O
which	O
makes	O
available	O
thousands	O
on	O
datasets	B-General_Concept
for	O
anyone	O
to	O
reuse	O
and	O
link	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
KnowWhereGraph	O
–	O
an	O
integrated	O
12	O
billion	O
triples	O
strong	O
knowledge	B-Application
graph	I-Application
on	O
30	O
data	O
layers	O
at	O
the	O
intersection	O
between	O
humans	O
and	O
their	O
environment	O
using	O
Semantic	O
Web	O
and	O
Linked	B-Operating_System
Data	I-Operating_System
technologies	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Clickable	O
diagrams	O
that	O
show	O
the	O
individual	O
datasets	B-General_Concept
and	O
their	O
relationships	O
within	O
the	O
DBpedia-spawned	O
LOD	O
cloud	O
(	O
as	O
by	O
the	O
figures	O
already	O
to	O
the	O
right	O
)	O
are	O
available	O
.	O
</s>
