<s>
Lingo	B-Language
is	O
a	O
verbose	O
object-oriented	B-Language
(	O
OO	O
)	O
scripting	B-Language
language	I-Language
developed	O
by	O
John	O
H	O
.	O
Thompson	O
for	O
use	O
in	O
Adobe	B-Operating_System
Director	I-Operating_System
(	O
formerly	O
Macromedia	B-Operating_System
Director	I-Operating_System
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Lingo	B-Language
is	O
used	O
to	O
develop	O
desktop	B-Application
application	I-Application
software	O
,	O
interactive	O
kiosks	O
,	O
CD-ROMs	B-Device
and	O
Adobe	B-Operating_System
Shockwave	I-Operating_System
content	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Lingo	B-Language
is	O
the	O
primary	O
programming	O
language	O
on	O
the	O
Adobe	B-Operating_System
Shockwave	I-Operating_System
platform	O
,	O
which	O
dominated	O
the	O
interactive	O
multimedia	O
product	O
market	O
during	O
the	O
1990s	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Various	O
graphic	O
adventure	O
games	O
were	O
developed	O
with	O
Lingo	B-Language
during	O
the	O
1990s	O
,	O
including	O
The	B-Application
Journeyman	I-Application
Project	I-Application
,	O
Total	B-Application
Distortion	I-Application
,	O
Mia	B-Application
's	I-Application
Language	I-Application
Adventure	I-Application
,	O
Mia	B-Application
's	I-Application
Science	I-Application
Adventure	I-Application
,	O
and	O
the	O
Didi	B-Application
&	I-Application
Ditto	I-Application
series	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Hundreds	O
of	O
free	O
online	O
video	O
games	O
were	O
developed	O
using	O
Lingo	B-Language
,	O
and	O
published	O
on	O
websites	O
such	O
as	O
Miniclip	B-Application
and	O
Shockwave.com	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Lingo	B-Language
can	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
build	O
user	O
interfaces	O
,	O
to	O
manipulate	O
raster	B-Algorithm
graphics	I-Algorithm
,	O
vector	O
graphics	O
and	O
3D	O
computer	O
graphics	O
,	O
and	O
other	O
data	O
processing	O
tasks	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Lingo	B-Language
supports	O
specialized	O
syntax	O
for	O
image	B-Algorithm
processing	I-Algorithm
and	O
3D	O
object	O
manipulation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
3D	O
meshes	O
can	O
also	O
be	O
created	O
on	O
the	O
fly	O
using	O
Lingo	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Lingo	B-Language
was	O
invented	O
by	O
John	O
H	O
.	O
Thompson	O
at	O
MacroMind	B-Application
in	O
1989	O
,	O
and	O
first	O
released	O
with	O
Director	O
2.2	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Jeff	O
Tanner	O
developed	O
and	O
tested	O
Lingo	B-Language
for	O
Director	O
2.2	O
and	O
3.0	O
,	O
created	O
custom	O
XObjects	O
for	O
various	O
media	O
device	O
producers	O
,	O
language	O
extension	O
examples	O
using	O
XFactory	O
including	O
the	O
XFactory	O
application	B-Application
programming	I-Application
interface	I-Application
(	O
API	B-Application
)	O
,	O
and	O
wrote	O
the	O
initial	O
tutorials	O
on	O
how	O
to	O
use	O
Lingo	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Dave	O
Shields	O
tested	O
and	O
documented	O
Object-based	O
Lingo	B-Language
for	O
Director	O
3.13	O
and	O
4.0	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
He	O
ran	O
build	O
scripts	O
to	O
create	O
weekly	O
releases	O
for	O
testing	O
,	O
originated	O
the	O
Macromedia	O
KnowledgeBase	O
,	O
created	O
examples	O
of	O
how	O
to	O
write	O
Lingo	B-Language
XTRA	O
plug-ins	B-Application
in	O
C++	B-Language
,	O
and	O
assembled	O
the	O
Golden	O
Master	O
disks	O
of	O
Macromedia	B-Operating_System
Director	I-Operating_System
that	O
were	O
shipped	O
to	O
the	O
duplicator	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Lingo	B-Language
was	O
quickly	O
adopted	O
by	O
burgeoning	O
multimedia	O
community	O
during	O
the	O
1990s	O
and	O
the	O
already	O
popular	O
Director	O
product	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Initially	O
,	O
about	O
90%	O
of	O
the	O
users	O
only	O
used	O
10%	O
of	O
Lingo	B-Language
's	O
features	O
;	O
primarily	O
go	O
to	O
the	O
frame	O
by	O
multimedia	O
authors	O
of	O
tutorials	O
and	O
presentations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	B-Application
Journeyman	I-Application
Project	I-Application
is	O
a	O
prominent	O
example	O
of	O
this	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Lingo	B-Language
is	O
embedded	O
into	O
Adobe	B-Operating_System
Director	I-Operating_System
,	O
and	O
can	O
be	O
added	O
as	O
scripts	O
on	O
objects	O
or	O
on	O
the	O
timeline	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Lingo	B-Language
is	O
an	O
object-oriented	B-Language
programming	I-Language
(	O
OOP	O
)	O
language	O
,	O
and	O
supports	O
Smalltalk-like	O
verbose	O
syntax	O
,	O
OO	O
dot	O
syntax	O
,	O
and	O
inheritance	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
Lingo	B-Language
was	O
created	O
,	O
a	O
verbose	O
syntax	O
was	O
designed	O
to	O
mimic	O
spoken	O
language	O
,	O
so	O
it	O
would	O
be	O
easy	O
for	O
new	O
users	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Users	O
could	O
write	O
HyperTalk-like	O
sentences	O
such	O
as	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Lingo	B-Language
was	O
also	O
initially	O
very	O
robust	O
by	O
providing	O
object	O
generation	O
through	O
a	O
notion	O
called	O
factory	O
,	O
which	O
led	O
to	O
the	O
language	O
's	O
extensibility	O
through	O
External	O
Factories	O
(	O
XFactories	O
)	O
or	O
XObjects	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
Director	O
3.13	O
and	O
later	O
versions	O
,	O
extensibility	O
occurred	O
via	O
a	O
different	O
type	O
of	O
plug-in	B-Application
called	O
an	O
XTRA	O
,	O
based	O
upon	O
the	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Component	I-Application
Object	I-Application
Model	I-Application
(	O
COM	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Although	O
it	O
is	O
still	O
possible	O
to	O
use	O
the	O
verbose	O
syntax	O
,	O
the	O
current	O
version	O
of	O
the	O
language	O
fully	O
supports	O
OO	O
dot	O
syntax	O
,	O
so	O
that	O
the	O
code	O
looks	O
more	O
like	O
standard	O
programming	O
languages	O
such	O
as	O
JavaScript	B-Language
or	O
C++	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
are	O
4	O
types	O
of	O
Lingo	B-Language
scripts	O
in	O
Director	O
,	O
each	O
with	O
a	O
specific	O
purpose	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Behaviors	O
make	O
it	O
easy	O
to	O
program	O
in	O
an	O
object-oriented	B-Language
way	O
,	O
as	O
you	O
can	O
directly	O
see	O
the	O
relationship	O
between	O
the	O
programming	O
and	O
the	O
item	O
they	O
are	O
attached	O
to	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Behavior	O
and	O
parent	O
scripts	O
encourage	O
good	O
object-oriented	B-Language
programming	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Lingo	B-Language
supports	O
object	B-Language
inheritance	I-Language
by	O
a	O
slightly	O
idiosyncratic	O
system	O
:	O
a	O
script	O
can	O
have	O
an	O
ancestor	O
property	O
which	O
references	O
another	O
object	O
(	O
usually	O
also	O
a	O
script	O
,	O
although	O
other	O
objects	O
such	O
as	O
cast	O
members	O
can	O
also	O
be	O
ancestors	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
this	O
case	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
a	O
kind	O
of	O
multiple	B-Application
inheritance	I-Application
,	O
as	O
one	O
sprite	O
may	O
have	O
several	O
behaviors	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Lingo	B-Language
3.0	O
was	O
also	O
extensible	O
through	O
External	O
Factories	O
(	O
XFactories	O
)	O
or	O
XObjects	O
(	O
later	O
replaced	O
by	O
Lingo	B-Language
Xtras	O
)	O
,	O
which	O
provided	O
programmatic	O
extensions	O
to	O
Director	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
example	O
,	O
controlling	O
external	O
media	O
devices	O
such	O
as	O
CD-ROM	B-Device
and	O
Video	O
tape	O
players	O
through	O
Macintosh	O
SerialPort	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
XObject	O
API	B-Application
was	O
openly	O
available	O
to	O
developers	O
and	O
media	O
device	O
producers	O
,	O
which	O
added	O
to	O
the	O
popularity	O
and	O
versatility	O
of	O
Lingo	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Macromind	B-Application
was	O
very	O
active	O
in	O
positioning	O
the	O
XObject	O
API	B-Application
as	O
standard	O
for	O
external	O
media	O
devices	O
to	O
collaborate	O
through	O
Lingo	B-Language
;	O
and	O
its	O
interest	O
as	O
a	O
standard	O
achieved	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
involvement	O
from	O
prominent	O
and	O
burgeoning	O
media	O
product	O
companies	O
through	O
an	O
ad	O
hoc	O
group	O
called	O
the	O
Multimedia	O
Association	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Starting	O
with	O
Director	O
version	O
4.0	O
,	O
Lingo	B-Language
was	O
extensible	O
through	O
a	O
new	O
improved	O
class	O
of	O
external	O
plugin	B-Application
called	O
Xtras	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Xtras	O
were	O
developed	O
in	O
C++	B-Language
using	O
the	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Component	I-Application
Object	I-Application
Model	I-Application
(	O
COM	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
standardization	O
with	O
COM	O
helped	O
attract	O
developers	O
to	O
creating	O
a	O
market	O
for	O
such	O
plug-ins	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Imaging	O
Lingo	B-Language
was	O
introduced	O
with	O
Director	O
8.0	O
,	O
and	O
allowed	O
developers	O
to	O
write	O
high-performance	O
image	O
manipulation	O
commands	O
using	O
a	O
simple	O
syntax	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
are	O
some	O
similarities	O
to	O
functions	O
of	O
image	O
applications	O
(	O
like	O
Photoshop	B-Operating_System
)	O
,	O
that	O
make	O
it	O
easy	O
to	O
create	O
dynamic	O
,	O
code-based	O
visual	O
effects	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Image	O
manipulation	O
was	O
also	O
added	O
into	O
ActionScript	B-Operating_System
3.0	O
with	O
the	O
BitmapData	O
class	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Director	O
8.5	O
introduced	O
a	O
DirectX	B-Application
3D	O
engine	O
that	O
could	O
be	O
scripted	O
with	O
Lingo	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Lingo	B-Language
was	O
updated	O
substantially	O
to	O
support	O
the	O
new	O
3D	O
objects	O
and	O
now	O
includes	O
a	O
full-featured	O
set	O
of	O
3D	O
commands	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
Xtra	O
was	O
also	O
created	O
to	O
enable	O
use	O
of	O
the	O
Havok	B-General_Concept
3D	O
Physics	O
engine	O
,	O
and	O
later	O
the	O
AGEIA	B-Operating_System
PhysX	I-Operating_System
engine	O
,	O
in	O
Director	O
11	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
a	O
legal	O
anomaly	O
remains	O
in	O
the	O
UK	O
that	O
the	O
trademark	O
of	O
the	O
word	O
'	O
Lingo	B-Language
 '	O
is	O
held	O
by	O
Linn	O
Smart	O
Computing	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
language	O
called	O
Lingo	B-Language
was	O
released	O
for	O
software	O
development	O
under	O
Windows	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
programming	O
language	O
based	O
on	O
Smalltalk	B-Application
was	O
developed	O
for	O
the	O
Rekursiv	B-General_Concept
processor	O
developed	O
by	O
Linn	O
Smart	O
Computing	O
in	O
Scotland	O
,	O
UK	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
language	O
was	O
named	O
Lingo	B-Language
and	O
is	O
significant	O
because	O
its	O
makers	O
successfully	O
obtained	O
a	O
trademark	O
in	O
the	O
UK	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
LINGO	B-Language
is	O
also	O
a	O
programming	O
language	O
for	O
solving	O
linear	O
,	O
nonlinear	O
and	O
integer	O
optimization	O
problems	O
,	O
first	O
developed	O
in	O
1988	O
by	O
LINDO	O
Systems	O
Inc	O
.	O
</s>
