<s>
Line	B-Algorithm
spectral	I-Algorithm
pairs	I-Algorithm
(	O
LSP	O
)	O
or	O
line	B-Algorithm
spectral	I-Algorithm
frequencies	I-Algorithm
(	O
LSF	O
)	O
are	O
used	O
to	O
represent	O
linear	B-Algorithm
prediction	I-Algorithm
coefficients	I-Algorithm
(	O
LPC	O
)	O
for	O
transmission	O
over	O
a	O
channel	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
this	O
reason	O
,	O
LSPs	O
are	O
very	O
useful	O
in	O
speech	B-Application
coding	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1980	O
,	O
his	O
team	O
developed	O
an	O
LSP-based	O
speech	B-Application
synthesizer	I-Application
chip	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
LSP	O
is	O
an	O
important	O
technology	O
for	O
speech	B-Application
synthesis	I-Application
and	O
coding	O
,	O
and	O
in	O
the	O
1990s	O
was	O
adopted	O
by	O
almost	O
all	O
international	O
speech	B-Application
coding	I-Application
standards	O
as	O
an	O
essential	O
component	O
,	O
contributing	O
to	O
the	O
enhancement	O
of	O
digital	O
speech	O
communication	O
over	O
mobile	O
channels	O
and	O
the	O
internet	O
worldwide	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
LSPs	O
are	O
used	O
in	O
the	O
code-excited	B-Algorithm
linear	I-Algorithm
prediction	I-Algorithm
(	O
CELP	B-Algorithm
)	O
algorithm	O
,	O
developed	O
by	O
Bishnu	O
S	O
.	O
Atal	O
and	O
Manfred	O
R	O
.	O
Schroeder	O
in	O
1985	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
construction	O
,	O
P	O
is	O
a	O
palindromic	O
polynomial	O
and	O
Q	O
an	O
antipalindromic	O
polynomial	O
;	O
physically	O
P(z )	O
corresponds	O
to	O
the	O
vocal	O
tract	O
with	O
the	O
glottis	B-Application
closed	O
and	O
Q(z )	O
with	O
the	O
glottis	B-Application
open	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Line	B-Algorithm
spectral	I-Algorithm
pairs	I-Algorithm
have	O
several	O
interesting	O
and	O
useful	O
properties	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Line	B-Algorithm
spectral	I-Algorithm
frequencies	I-Algorithm
can	O
be	O
interpolated	O
.	O
</s>
