<s>
Licence	B-Application
laundering	I-Application
or	O
license	B-Application
laundering	I-Application
occurs	O
when	O
a	O
creative	O
work	O
under	O
copyright	O
is	O
copied	O
by	O
another	O
party	O
,	O
who	O
then	O
replaces	O
the	O
original	O
licence	O
with	O
a	O
different	O
one	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
online	O
repository	O
Wikimedia	O
Commons	O
hosts	O
media	O
and	O
other	O
files	O
that	O
are	O
freely	B-License
licensed	I-License
,	O
such	O
as	O
those	O
that	O
are	O
in	O
the	O
public	O
domain	O
,	O
which	O
may	O
be	O
redistributed	O
without	O
consent	O
or	O
royalty	O
payment	O
to	O
the	O
author	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
image	B-Algorithm
hosting	I-Algorithm
and	O
video	O
hosting	O
website	O
Flickr	B-Algorithm
is	O
a	O
popular	O
source	O
of	O
files	O
for	O
Wikimedia	O
Commons	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Its	O
users	O
upload	O
content	O
they	O
create	O
to	O
Flickr	B-Algorithm
's	O
servers	O
,	O
assigning	O
a	O
licence	O
for	O
each	O
work	O
or	O
accepting	O
a	O
default	O
copyright	O
licence	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
found	O
that	O
some	O
Flickr	B-Algorithm
users	O
upload	O
content	O
that	O
is	O
not	O
their	O
own	O
creation	O
,	O
and	O
for	O
which	O
they	O
have	O
no	O
authority	O
or	O
licence	O
grant	O
to	O
do	O
so	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
of	O
these	O
works	O
are	O
erroneously	O
assigned	O
a	O
free	B-License
licence	I-License
,	O
apparently	O
permitting	O
their	O
unrestricted	O
distribution	O
,	O
including	O
uploading	O
the	O
content	O
to	O
Wikimedia	O
Commons	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
practice	O
has	O
come	O
to	O
be	O
known	O
as	O
"	O
Flickr	B-Algorithm
washing	O
"	O
on	O
Wikimedia	O
Commons	O
,	O
as	O
it	O
is	O
the	O
most	O
common	O
site	O
from	O
which	O
licence	O
laundered	O
files	O
are	O
uploaded	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Licence	B-Application
laundering	I-Application
of	O
media	O
and	O
related	O
files	O
is	O
common	O
on	O
image	B-Algorithm
hosting	I-Algorithm
providers	O
such	O
as	O
Flickr	B-Algorithm
or	O
Picasa	B-Application
,	O
and	O
video	O
hosting	O
providers	O
such	O
as	O
YouTube	B-General_Concept
.	I-General_Concept
</s>
<s>
In	O
software	O
development	O
,	O
a	O
programmer	B-Application
engages	O
in	O
licence	B-Application
laundering	I-Application
when	O
using	O
source	O
code	O
written	O
by	O
one	O
or	O
more	O
other	O
programmers	B-Application
but	O
removing	O
the	O
licence	O
from	O
the	O
source	O
files	O
or	O
altering	O
the	O
file	O
's	O
header	B-General_Concept
to	O
exclude	O
its	O
revision	O
history	O
or	O
other	O
details	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
After	O
SCO	O
Group	O
asserted	O
it	O
owned	O
the	O
intellectual	O
property	O
rights	O
to	O
Unix	B-Application
,	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
SCO/Linux	O
controversies	O
resulted	O
,	O
with	O
SCO	O
Groups	O
chief	O
executive	O
officer	O
Darl	O
McBride	O
stating	O
that	O
"	O
The	O
world	O
is	O
not	O
about	O
stealing	O
people	O
's	O
code	O
,	O
laundering	O
it	O
and	O
saying	O
everything	O
's	O
OK.	O
"	O
In	O
SCO	O
Group	O
,	O
Inc	O
.	O
v	O
.	O
Novell	O
,	O
Inc.	O
,	O
Novell	O
was	O
found	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
owner	O
of	O
Unix	B-Application
copyrights	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Code	O
for	O
open-source	B-Application
software	I-Application
may	O
be	O
released	O
with	O
a	O
pre-approved	O
non-reciprocal	O
licence	O
permitting	O
its	O
use	O
in	O
other	O
projects	O
,	O
which	O
facilitates	O
license	B-Application
laundering	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
To	O
avoid	O
such	O
laundering	O
,	O
developers	B-Application
and	O
project	O
managers	O
should	O
determine	O
the	O
source	O
of	O
the	O
code	O
,	O
and	O
mitigate	O
potential	O
problems	O
with	O
a	O
quality	O
assurance	O
inspection	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Licence	B-Application
laundering	I-Application
may	O
be	O
identified	O
by	O
detecting	O
inconsistencies	O
in	O
the	O
works	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Users	O
engaged	O
in	O
licence	B-Application
laundering	I-Application
typically	O
upload	O
files	O
with	O
a	O
diversity	O
of	O
styles	O
,	O
since	O
the	O
styles	O
reflect	O
those	O
of	O
the	O
author	O
,	O
not	O
the	O
licence	B-Application
laundering	I-Application
uploader	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Image	O
licence	B-Application
laundering	I-Application
may	O
be	O
detected	O
by	O
using	O
reverse	B-General_Concept
image	I-General_Concept
search	I-General_Concept
engines	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
TinEye	B-General_Concept
or	O
Google	O
Images	O
 '	O
"	O
Search	B-General_Concept
by	I-General_Concept
Image	I-General_Concept
"	O
feature	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
results	O
of	O
a	O
reverse	B-General_Concept
image	I-General_Concept
search	I-General_Concept
may	O
indicate	O
the	O
original	O
source	O
of	O
the	O
content	O
.	O
</s>
