<s>
Librem	B-Device
is	O
a	O
line	O
of	O
computers	O
manufactured	O
by	O
Purism	O
,	O
SPC	O
featuring	O
free	O
(	O
libre	O
)	O
software	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
laptop	B-Device
line	O
is	O
designed	O
to	O
protect	O
privacy	O
and	O
freedom	O
by	O
providing	O
no	O
non-free	O
(	O
proprietary	O
)	O
software	O
in	O
the	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
or	O
kernel	B-Operating_System
,	O
avoiding	O
the	O
Intel	B-Application
Active	I-Application
Management	I-Application
Technology	I-Application
,	O
and	O
gradually	O
freeing	O
and	O
securing	O
firmware	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Librem	B-Device
laptops	B-Device
feature	O
hardware	O
kill	B-Device
switches	I-Device
for	O
the	O
microphone	B-Application
,	O
webcam	B-Protocol
,	O
Bluetooth	B-Protocol
and	O
Wi-Fi	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2014	O
,	O
Purism	O
launched	O
a	O
crowdfunding	O
campaign	O
on	O
Crowd	O
Supply	O
to	O
fund	O
the	O
creation	O
and	O
production	O
of	O
the	O
Librem	B-Device
15	O
laptop	B-Device
,	O
conceived	O
as	O
a	O
modern	O
alternative	O
to	O
existing	O
open-source	O
hardware	O
laptops	B-Device
,	O
all	O
of	O
which	O
used	O
older	O
hardware	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
campaign	O
succeeded	O
after	O
extending	O
the	O
original	O
campaign	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
laptops	B-Device
were	O
shipped	O
to	O
backers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
a	O
second	O
revision	O
of	O
the	O
laptop	B-Device
,	O
hardware	O
kill	B-Device
switches	I-Device
for	O
the	O
camera	O
,	O
microphone	B-Application
,	O
Wi-Fi	O
,	O
and	O
Bluetooth	B-Protocol
were	O
added	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
After	O
the	O
successful	O
launch	O
of	O
the	O
Librem	B-Device
15	O
,	O
Purism	O
created	O
another	O
campaign	O
on	O
Crowd	O
Supply	O
for	O
a	O
13-inch	O
laptop	B-Device
called	O
the	O
Librem	B-Device
13	O
,	O
which	O
also	O
came	O
with	O
hardware	O
kill	B-Device
switches	I-Device
similar	O
to	O
those	O
on	O
the	O
Librem	B-Device
15v2	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
campaign	O
was	O
again	O
successful	O
and	O
the	O
laptops	B-Device
were	O
shipped	O
to	O
customers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Purism	O
announced	O
in	O
December	O
2016	O
that	O
it	O
would	O
start	O
shipping	O
from	O
inventory	O
rather	O
than	O
building	O
to	O
order	O
with	O
the	O
new	O
batches	O
of	O
Librem	B-Device
15	O
and	O
13	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
,	O
Purism	O
has	O
one	O
laptop	B-Device
model	O
in	O
production	O
,	O
the	O
Librem	B-Device
14	O
(	O
version	O
1	O
,	O
US$	O
1,370	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Librem	B-Device
Mini	O
is	O
a	O
small	B-Device
form	I-Device
factor	I-Device
desktop	B-Device
computer	I-Device
,	O
which	O
began	O
shipping	O
in	O
June	O
2020	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
August	O
24	O
,	O
2017	O
,	O
Purism	O
started	O
a	O
crowdfunding	O
campaign	O
for	O
the	O
Librem	B-Device
5	O
,	O
a	O
smartphone	B-Application
aimed	O
to	O
run	O
100%	O
free	B-Application
software	I-Application
,	O
which	O
would	O
"[focus]	O
on	O
security	O
by	O
design	O
and	O
privacy	O
protection	O
by	O
default	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Purism	O
cooperated	O
with	O
KDE	B-Application
and	O
GNOME	B-Application
in	O
its	O
development	O
of	O
Librem	B-Device
5	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Security	O
features	O
of	O
the	O
Librem	B-Device
5	O
include	O
separation	O
of	O
the	O
CPU	B-General_Concept
from	O
the	O
baseband	O
processor	O
,	O
which	O
,	O
according	O
to	O
Linux	B-Application
Magazine	O
,	O
makes	O
the	O
Librem	B-Device
5	O
unique	O
in	O
comparison	O
to	O
other	O
mobile	O
phones	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Librem	B-Device
5	O
also	O
features	O
hardware	O
kill	B-Device
switches	I-Device
for	O
Wi-Fi	O
and	O
Bluetooth	B-Protocol
communication	O
and	O
the	O
phone	O
's	O
camera	O
,	O
microphone	B-Application
,	O
and	O
baseband	O
processor	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
default	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
for	O
the	O
Librem	B-Device
5	O
is	O
Purism	O
's	O
PureOS	B-Language
,	O
a	O
Debian	O
derivative	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
uses	O
a	O
new	O
user	O
interface	O
called	O
Phosh	B-Language
,	O
based	O
on	O
Wayland	B-Language
,	O
wlroots	O
,	O
GTK	B-Application
and	O
GNOME	B-Application
middleware	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
planned	O
that	O
Phosh/Plasma	O
Mobile	O
,	O
Ubuntu	B-Protocol
Touch	I-Protocol
,	O
and	O
postmarketOS	B-Application
can	O
also	O
be	O
installed	O
on	O
the	O
phone	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
release	O
of	O
the	O
Librem	B-Device
5	O
has	O
been	O
postponed	O
several	O
times	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
September	O
2018	O
,	O
Purism	O
announced	O
that	O
the	O
launch	O
date	O
of	O
Librem	B-Device
5	O
would	O
be	O
moved	O
from	O
January	O
to	O
April	O
2019	O
,	O
because	O
of	O
two	O
hardware	O
bugs	O
and	O
the	O
holiday	O
season	O
in	O
Europe	O
and	O
North	O
America	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Librem	B-Device
5	O
's	O
DevKits	O
for	O
software	O
developers	O
were	O
shipped	O
in	O
December	O
2018	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
launch	O
date	O
was	O
later	O
postponed	O
to	O
the	O
third	O
quarter	O
because	O
of	O
the	O
necessity	O
of	O
further	O
CPU	B-General_Concept
tests	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
and	O
on	O
September	O
24	O
,	O
2019	O
,	O
Purism	O
announced	O
that	O
the	O
first	O
batch	O
of	O
Librem	B-Device
5	O
phones	O
had	O
started	O
shipping	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
finished	O
version	O
of	O
the	O
Librem	B-Device
5	O
,	O
known	O
as	O
"	O
Evergreen	O
"	O
,	O
was	O
finally	O
shipped	O
on	O
November	O
18	O
,	O
2020	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Librem	B-Device
server	B-Application
is	O
a	O
rack	B-Application
mounted	I-Application
server	B-Application
,	O
released	O
to	O
the	O
public	O
in	O
December	O
2019	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Announced	O
on	O
20	O
September	O
2018	O
,	O
the	O
Librem	B-Device
Key	O
is	O
a	O
hardware	O
USB	O
security	O
token	O
with	O
multiple	O
features	O
,	O
including	O
integration	O
with	O
a	O
tamper-evident	O
Heads	O
BIOS	B-Operating_System
,	O
that	O
ensures	O
a	O
Librem	B-Device
laptop	B-Device
Basic	B-Operating_System
Input/Output	I-Operating_System
System	I-Operating_System
(	O
BIOS	B-Operating_System
)	O
was	O
not	O
maliciously	O
altered	O
since	O
the	O
last	O
laptop	B-Device
launch	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Also	O
a	O
one-time	O
password	O
storage	O
with	O
3x	O
HMAC-based	B-Algorithm
One-time	I-Algorithm
Password	I-Algorithm
algorithm	I-Algorithm
(	O
HOTP	B-Algorithm
)	O
(	O
RFC	O
4226	O
)	O
and	O
15	O
x	O
Time-based	B-Algorithm
One-time	I-Algorithm
Password	I-Algorithm
algorithm	I-Algorithm
(	O
TOTP	B-Algorithm
)	O
(	O
RFC	B-Algorithm
6238	I-Algorithm
)	O
and	O
an	O
integrated	O
password	O
manager	O
(	O
16	O
entries	O
)	O
,	O
40	O
kbit/s	O
true	O
random	O
number	O
generator	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
tamper-resistant	O
smart	O
card	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Initially	O
planning	O
to	O
preload	O
its	O
Librem	B-Device
laptops	B-Device
with	O
the	O
Trisquel	B-Application
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
,	O
Purism	O
eventually	O
moved	O
off	O
the	O
Trisquel	B-Application
platform	O
to	O
rebase	O
onto	O
Debian	O
for	O
the	O
2.0	O
release	O
of	O
its	O
PureOS	B-Language
Linux	B-Application
operating	I-Application
system	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
an	O
alternative	O
to	O
PureOS	B-Language
,	O
Librem	B-Device
laptops	B-Device
are	O
purchasable	O
with	O
Qubes	O
OS	O
preinstalled	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
December	O
2017	O
the	B-Operating_System
Free	I-Operating_System
Software	I-Operating_System
Foundation	I-Operating_System
added	O
PureOS	B-Language
to	O
its	O
list	O
of	O
endorsed	O
GNU/Linux	B-Application
distributions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2015	O
,	O
Purism	O
began	O
research	O
to	O
port	O
the	O
Librem	B-Device
13	O
to	O
coreboot	B-Device
but	O
the	O
effort	O
was	O
initially	O
stalled	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
the	O
year	O
,	O
a	O
coreboot	B-Device
developer	O
completed	O
an	O
initial	O
port	O
of	O
the	O
Librem	B-Device
13	O
and	O
submitted	O
it	O
for	O
review	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
December	O
2016	O
,	O
hardware	O
enablement	O
developer	O
Youness	O
Alaoui	O
joined	O
Purism	O
and	O
was	O
tasked	O
to	O
complete	O
the	O
coreboot	B-Device
port	O
for	O
the	O
original	O
Librem	B-Device
13	O
and	O
prepare	O
a	O
port	O
for	O
the	O
second	O
revision	O
of	O
the	O
device	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
summer	O
2017	O
,	O
new	O
Librem	B-Device
laptops	B-Device
are	O
shipped	O
with	O
coreboot	B-Device
as	O
their	O
standard	B-Operating_System
BIOS	I-Operating_System
,	O
and	O
updates	O
are	O
available	O
for	O
all	O
older	O
models	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Intel	B-Device
Management	I-Device
Engine	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
coreboot	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
,	O
which	O
tamper-evident	O
features	O
to	O
detect	O
when	O
the	O
BIOS	B-Operating_System
or	O
important	O
boot	O
files	O
have	O
been	O
modified	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
PureBoot	O
protects	O
the	O
users	O
from	O
various	O
attacks	O
like	O
theft	O
,	O
BIOS	B-Operating_System
Malware	O
and	O
Kernel	B-Operating_System
Rootkits	O
,	O
vulnerabilities	O
and	O
malicious	O
code	O
in	O
the	O
Intel	B-Device
Management	I-Device
Engine	I-Device
and	O
interdiction	O
.	O
</s>
