<s>
LexisNexis	B-Library
is	O
a	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
RELX	B-Library
corporation	O
(	O
formerly	O
Reed	B-Library
Elsevier	I-Library
)	O
that	O
sells	O
data	B-General_Concept
analytics	I-General_Concept
products	O
and	O
various	O
databases	O
that	O
are	O
accessed	O
through	O
online	O
portals	O
,	O
including	O
portals	O
for	O
computer-assisted	O
legal	O
research	O
(	O
CALR	O
)	O
,	O
newspaper	O
search	O
,	O
and	O
consumer	O
information	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
During	O
the	O
1970s	O
,	O
LexisNexis	B-Library
began	O
to	O
make	O
legal	O
and	O
journalistic	O
documents	O
more	O
accessible	O
electronically	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
LexisNexis	B-Library
is	O
owned	O
by	O
RELX	B-Library
(	O
formerly	O
known	O
as	O
Reed	B-Library
Elsevier	I-Library
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
According	O
to	O
Trudi	O
Bellardo	O
Hahn	O
and	O
Charles	O
P	O
.	O
Bourne	O
,	O
LexisNexis	B-Library
(	O
originally	O
founded	O
as	O
LEXIS	B-Library
)	O
is	O
historically	O
significant	O
because	O
it	O
was	O
the	O
first	O
of	O
the	O
early	O
information	O
services	O
to	O
both	O
envision	O
and	O
actually	O
bring	O
about	O
a	O
future	O
in	O
which	O
large	O
populations	O
of	O
end	O
users	O
would	O
directly	O
interact	O
with	O
computer	O
databases	O
,	O
rather	O
than	O
going	O
through	O
professional	O
intermediaries	O
like	O
librarians	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
developers	O
of	O
several	O
other	O
early	O
information	O
services	O
in	O
the	O
1970s	O
harbored	O
similar	O
ambitions	O
(	O
e.g.	O
,	O
OCLC	O
's	O
WorldCat	B-Library
)	O
,	O
but	O
met	O
with	O
financial	O
,	O
structural	O
,	O
and	O
technological	O
constraints	O
and	O
were	O
forced	O
to	O
retreat	O
to	O
the	O
professional	O
intermediary	O
model	O
until	O
the	O
early	O
1990s	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
LexisNexis	B-Library
story	O
begins	O
in	O
western	O
Pennsylvania	O
in	O
1956	O
,	O
when	O
attorney	O
John	O
Horty	O
began	O
to	O
explore	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
CALR	O
technology	O
in	O
support	O
of	O
his	O
work	O
on	O
comparative	O
hospital	O
law	O
at	O
the	O
University	O
of	O
Pittsburgh	O
Health	O
Law	O
Center	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
(	O
Before	O
computer	B-Application
vision	I-Application
was	O
invented	O
,	O
text	O
summaries	O
were	O
manually	O
prepared	O
by	O
enlisted	O
personnel	O
called	O
"	O
photo	O
interpreters	O
"	O
;	O
analysts	O
then	O
used	O
those	O
summaries	O
as	O
a	O
catalog	O
to	O
retrieve	O
photographs	O
from	O
which	O
they	O
could	O
draw	O
inferences	O
about	O
enemy	O
strategy	O
.	O
)	O
</s>
<s>
He	O
coined	O
a	O
new	O
name	O
,	O
LEXIS	B-Library
,	O
from	O
“	O
lex	O
,	O
”	O
the	O
Latin	O
word	O
for	O
law	O
,	O
and	O
“	O
IS	O
”	O
for	O
“	O
information	O
service.	O
”	O
After	O
several	O
iterations	O
,	O
the	O
original	O
functional	O
and	O
performance	O
specifications	O
were	O
finalized	O
by	O
Rubin	O
and	O
executive	O
vice	O
president	O
Bob	O
Bennett	O
in	O
late	O
summer	O
1972	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
System	O
designer	O
Edward	O
Gottsman	O
supervised	O
the	O
implementation	O
of	O
the	O
specifications	O
as	O
working	O
computer	B-Application
code	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
At	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
,	O
Rubin	O
and	O
Bennett	O
orchestrated	O
the	O
necessary	O
keyboarding	O
of	O
the	O
legal	O
materials	O
to	O
be	O
provided	O
through	O
LEXIS	B-Library
,	O
and	O
designed	O
a	O
business	O
plan	O
,	O
marketing	O
strategy	O
,	O
and	O
training	O
program	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Lexis	B-Library
was	O
the	O
first	O
information	O
service	O
to	O
directly	O
serve	O
end	O
users	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Our	O
goal	O
was	O
to	O
get	O
a	O
LEXIS	B-Library
terminal	O
on	O
every	O
lawyer	O
’s	O
desk.	O
”	O
To	O
persuade	O
American	O
lawyers	O
to	O
use	O
LEXIS	B-Library
(	O
at	O
a	O
time	O
when	O
computer	O
literacy	O
was	O
rare	O
)	O
,	O
MDC	O
used	O
aggressive	O
marketing	O
,	O
sales	O
,	O
and	O
training	O
campaigns	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
April	O
2	O
,	O
1973	O
,	O
MDC	O
publicly	O
launched	O
LEXIS	B-Library
at	O
a	O
press	O
conference	O
in	O
New	O
York	O
City	O
,	O
with	O
libraries	O
of	O
New	O
York	O
and	O
Ohio	O
case	O
law	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
a	O
separate	O
library	O
of	O
federal	O
tax	O
materials	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
that	O
year	O
,	O
the	O
LEXIS	B-Library
database	O
had	O
reached	O
two	O
billion	O
characters	O
in	O
size	O
and	O
added	O
the	O
entire	O
United	O
States	O
Code	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
Reports	O
from	O
1938	O
through	O
1973	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
1974	O
,	O
LEXIS	B-Library
was	O
running	O
on	O
an	O
IBM	B-Device
370/155	I-Device
computer	O
in	O
Ohio	O
supported	O
by	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
IBM	O
3330	O
disk	O
storage	O
units	O
which	O
could	O
store	O
up	O
to	O
about	O
4	O
billion	O
characters	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
this	O
platform	O
,	O
LEXIS	B-Library
was	O
able	O
to	O
execute	O
over	O
90%	O
of	O
searches	O
within	O
fewer	O
than	O
five	O
seconds	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
1975	O
,	O
the	O
LEXIS	B-Library
database	O
had	O
grown	O
to	O
5	O
billion	O
characters	O
and	O
could	O
handle	O
up	O
to	O
200	O
terminals	O
simultaneously	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
1976	O
,	O
the	O
LEXIS	B-Library
database	O
included	O
case	O
law	O
from	O
six	O
states	O
,	O
plus	O
various	O
federal	O
materials	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1980	O
,	O
LEXIS	B-Library
completed	O
its	O
hand-keyed	O
electronic	O
database	O
of	O
all	O
extant	O
U.S.	O
federal	O
and	O
state	O
cases	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
NEXIS	B-Library
service	O
,	O
added	O
that	O
same	O
year	O
,	O
provided	O
journalists	O
with	O
a	O
searchable	O
database	O
of	O
news	O
articles	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
Toyota	O
launched	O
the	O
Lexus	O
line	O
of	O
luxury	O
vehicles	O
in	O
1989	O
,	O
Mead	O
Data	O
Central	O
sued	O
for	O
trademark	O
infringement	O
on	O
the	O
grounds	O
that	O
consumers	O
of	O
upscale	O
products	O
(	O
like	O
lawyers	O
)	O
might	O
confuse	O
"	O
Lexus	O
"	O
with	O
"	O
Lexis	B-Library
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
market	O
research	O
survey	O
asked	O
consumers	O
to	O
identify	O
the	O
spoken	O
word	O
"	O
Lexis	B-Library
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Today	O
,	O
the	O
two	O
companies	O
have	O
an	O
amicable	O
business	O
relationship	O
,	O
and	O
in	O
2002	O
implemented	O
a	O
joint	O
promotion	O
called	O
"	O
Win	O
a	O
Lexus	O
on	O
Lexis	B-Library
!	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1988	O
,	O
Mead	O
acquired	O
the	O
Michie	B-Library
Company	I-Library
,	O
a	O
legal	O
publisher	O
,	O
from	O
Macmillan	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
December	O
1994	O
,	O
Mead	O
sold	O
the	O
LexisNexis	B-Library
system	O
to	O
Reed	B-Library
Elsevier	I-Library
for	O
$1.5	O
billion	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
U.S.	O
state	O
of	O
Illinois	O
subsequently	O
audited	O
Mead	O
's	O
income	O
tax	O
returns	O
and	O
charged	O
Mead	O
an	O
additional	O
$4	O
million	O
in	O
income	O
tax	O
and	O
penalties	O
for	O
the	O
sale	O
of	O
LexisNexis	B-Library
;	O
Mead	O
paid	O
the	O
tax	O
under	O
protest	O
,	O
then	O
sued	O
for	O
a	O
refund	O
in	O
an	O
Illinois	O
state	O
court	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Court	O
reversed	O
and	O
remanded	O
so	O
the	O
lower	O
courts	O
could	O
apply	O
the	O
correct	O
test	O
and	O
determine	O
whether	O
Mead	O
and	O
Lexis	B-Library
were	O
a	O
"	O
unitary	O
"	O
business	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1997	O
,	O
LexisNexis	B-Library
acquired	O
52	O
legal	O
titles	O
(	O
including	O
the	O
Lawyers	O
 '	O
Edition	O
)	O
owned	O
by	O
the	O
Thomson	O
Corporation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1998	O
,	O
Reed	B-Library
Elsevier	I-Library
acquired	O
Shepard	B-Library
's	I-Library
Citations	I-Library
and	O
made	O
it	O
part	O
of	O
LexisNexis	B-Library
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
February	O
2020	O
,	O
LexisNexis	B-Library
transitioned	O
its	O
database	O
services	O
to	O
the	O
Amazon	B-Application
Web	I-Application
Services	I-Application
cloud	O
architecture	O
,	O
and	O
shut	O
down	O
its	O
legacy	O
mainframes	O
and	O
servers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2020	O
,	O
Estates	O
Gazette	O
and	O
the	O
remaining	O
business	O
of	O
Reed	B-Library
Business	I-Library
Information	O
became	O
part	O
of	O
LexisNexis	B-Library
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2000	O
,	O
LexisNexis	B-Library
purchased	O
RiskWise	O
,	O
a	O
St.	O
</s>
<s>
Also	O
in	O
2000	O
,	O
the	O
company	O
acquired	O
the	O
American	O
legal	O
publisher	O
Matthew	B-Library
Bender	I-Library
from	O
Times	O
Mirror	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2002	O
,	O
LexisNexis	B-Library
acquired	O
the	O
Ohio	O
legal	O
publisher	O
Anderson	B-Library
Publishing	I-Library
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2004	O
,	O
Reed	B-Library
Elsevier	I-Library
Group	O
,	O
parent	O
company	O
of	O
LexisNexis	B-Library
,	O
purchased	O
Seisint	B-Library
,	O
Inc	O
,	O
from	O
founder	O
Michael	O
Brauser	O
of	O
Boca	O
Raton	O
,	O
Florida	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Seisint	B-Library
housed	O
and	O
operated	O
the	O
Multistate	O
Anti-Terrorism	O
Information	O
Exchange	O
(	O
MATRIX	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
March	O
9	O
,	O
2005	O
,	O
LexisNexis	B-Library
announced	O
the	O
possible	O
theft	O
of	O
personal	O
information	O
of	O
some	O
Seisint	B-Library
users	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
February	O
2008	O
,	O
Reed	B-Library
Elsevier	I-Library
purchased	O
data	O
aggregator	O
ChoicePoint	O
(	O
previous	O
NYSE	O
ticker	O
symbol	O
CPS	O
)	O
in	O
a	O
cash	O
deal	O
for	O
US	O
$3.6	O
billion	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
company	O
was	O
rebranded	O
as	O
LexisNexis	B-Library
Risk	O
Solutions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2013	O
,	O
LexisNexis	B-Library
,	O
together	O
with	O
Reed	B-Library
Elsevier	I-Library
Properties	O
SA	O
,	O
acquired	O
publishing	O
brands	O
and	O
businesses	O
of	O
Sheshunoff	O
and	O
A.S.	B-Library
Pratt	I-Library
from	O
Thompson	O
Media	O
Group	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Sheshunoff	O
Information	O
Services	O
,	O
A.S.	B-Library
Pratt	I-Library
,	O
&	O
Alex	O
Information	O
(	O
collectively	O
,	O
SIS	O
)	O
,	O
founded	O
in	O
1972	O
,	O
is	O
a	O
print	O
and	O
electronic	O
publishing	O
company	O
that	O
provides	O
information	O
to	O
financial	O
and	O
legal	O
professionals	O
in	O
the	O
banking	O
industry	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
online	O
training	O
and	O
tools	O
for	O
financial	O
institutions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1995	O
,	O
SIS	O
acquired	O
A.S.	B-Library
Pratt	I-Library
&	O
Sons	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A.S.	B-Library
Pratt	I-Library
is	O
a	O
provider	O
of	O
regulatory	O
law	O
and	O
compliance	O
work	O
tools	O
for	O
the	O
financial	O
services	O
industry	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Gabrielle	O
Sheshunoff	O
returned	O
in	O
2004	O
to	O
unite	O
the	O
AlexInformation	O
,	O
Sheshunoff	O
,	O
and	O
A.S.	B-Library
Pratt	I-Library
brands	O
before	O
it	O
was	O
sold	O
to	O
Thompson	O
in	O
2008	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
November	O
2014	O
,	O
LexisNexis	B-Library
Risk	O
Solutions	O
bought	O
Health	O
Market	O
Science	O
(	O
HMS	O
)	O
,	O
a	O
supplier	O
of	O
data	O
about	O
US	O
healthcare	O
professionals	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
May	O
2022	O
,	O
LexisNexis	B-Library
acquired	O
the	O
behavioural	O
biometrics	O
technology	O
provider	O
,	O
BehavioSec	O
for	O
an	O
undisclosed	O
sum	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
LexisNexis	B-Library
services	O
are	O
delivered	O
via	O
two	O
websites	O
that	O
require	O
separate	O
paid	O
subscriptions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2000	O
,	O
Lexis	B-Library
began	O
building	O
a	O
library	O
of	O
briefs	O
and	O
motions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
addition	O
to	O
this	O
,	O
Lexis	B-Library
also	O
has	O
libraries	O
of	O
statutes	O
,	O
case	O
judgments	O
and	O
opinions	O
for	O
jurisdictions	O
such	O
as	O
France	O
,	O
Australia	O
,	O
Canada	O
,	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
,	O
South	O
Africa	O
and	O
the	O
United	O
Kingdom	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
databases	O
of	O
law	O
review	O
and	O
legal	O
journal	O
articles	O
for	O
countries	O
for	O
which	O
materials	O
are	O
available	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
and	O
replaced	O
by	O
Lexis	B-Library
Communities	O
,	O
which	O
provides	O
news	O
and	O
blogs	O
across	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
legal	O
areas	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Time	B-Application
Matters	I-Application
is	O
a	O
LexisNexis-branded	O
software	O
offering	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Lexis	B-Library
for	O
Microsoft	O
Office	O
is	O
a	O
LexisNexis-branded	O
software	O
offering	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
France	O
,	O
the	O
UK	O
and	O
Australia	O
,	O
LexisNexis	B-Library
publishes	O
books	O
,	O
magazines	O
and	O
journals	O
,	O
both	O
in	O
hard	O
copy	O
and	O
online	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
organization	O
that	O
eventually	O
became	O
LexisNexis	B-Library
UK	O
was	O
founded	O
in	O
1818	O
by	O
Henry	O
Butterworth	O
(	O
1786	O
–	O
1860	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Butterworths	B-Library
was	O
acquired	O
by	O
International	O
Publishing	O
Corporation	O
in	O
1965	O
;	O
IPC	O
was	O
acquired	O
by	O
the	O
Reed	O
Group	O
in	O
1970	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Heinemann	O
Professional	O
Publishing	O
was	O
merged	O
with	O
Butterworths	B-Library
Scientific	O
in	O
1990	O
to	O
form	O
Butterworth-Heinemann	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Butterworths	B-Library
publishing	O
business	O
is	O
now	O
owned	O
and	O
operated	O
in	O
the	O
UK	O
by	O
Reed	B-Library
Elsevier	I-Library
(	O
UK	O
)	O
Ltd	O
,	O
a	O
company	O
in	O
the	O
Reed	B-Library
Elsevier	I-Library
Group	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Publications	O
continue	O
to	O
be	O
produced	O
by	O
RELX	B-Library
(	O
UK	O
)	O
Ltd	O
using	O
the	O
"	O
LexisNexis	B-Library
"	O
,	O
"	O
Butterworths	B-Library
"	O
and	O
"	O
Tolley	O
"	O
trade	O
marks	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Butterworths	B-Library
name	O
is	O
also	O
used	O
to	O
publish	O
works	O
in	O
many	O
countries	O
such	O
as	O
Canada	O
,	O
South	O
Africa	O
,	O
Australia	O
and	O
New	O
Zealand	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
LexisNexis	B-Library
also	O
produces	O
a	O
range	O
of	O
software	O
,	O
services	O
and	O
products	O
which	O
are	O
designed	O
to	O
support	O
the	O
practice	O
of	O
the	O
legal	O
profession	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
November	O
2019	O
,	O
legal	O
scholars	O
and	O
human	O
rights	O
activists	O
called	O
on	O
LexisNexis	B-Library
to	O
cease	O
work	O
with	O
U.S.	O
Immigration	O
and	O
Customs	O
Enforcement	O
because	O
their	O
work	O
directly	O
contributes	O
to	O
the	O
deportation	O
of	O
undocumented	O
migrants	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2017	O
,	O
after	O
being	O
asked	O
to	O
remove	O
some	O
content	O
,	O
LexisNexis	B-Library
withdrew	O
Nexis	B-Library
and	O
LexisNexis	B-Library
Academic	I-Library
from	O
China	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2010	O
and	O
2011	O
,	O
the	O
Human	O
Rights	O
Campaign	O
recognized	O
LexisNexis	B-Library
as	O
a	O
company	O
that	O
treats	O
its	O
lesbian	O
,	O
gay	O
,	O
bisexual	O
and	O
transgender	O
employees	O
well	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Training	O
magazine	O
inducted	O
LexisNexis	B-Library
into	O
its	O
"	O
Training	O
Top	O
125	O
"	O
list	O
between	O
2007	O
and	O
2010	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2012	O
,	O
Nexis	B-Library
won	O
the	O
SIIA	O
CODIE	O
Award	O
for	O
Best	O
Political	O
Information	O
Resource	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2013	O
,	O
LexisNexis	B-Library
SmartMeeting	O
won	O
the	O
Stevie	O
Award	O
for	O
sales	O
and	O
customer	O
service	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
LexisNexis	B-Library
made	O
the	O
2014	O
Spend	O
Matters	O
Almanac	O
List	O
for	O
50	O
Providers	O
to	O
watch	O
for	O
in	O
the	O
procurement	O
sector	O
.	O
</s>
