<s>
Lexical	B-General_Concept
substitution	I-General_Concept
is	O
the	O
task	O
of	O
identifying	O
a	O
substitute	O
for	O
a	O
word	O
in	O
the	O
context	O
of	O
a	O
clause	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Lexical	B-General_Concept
substitution	I-General_Concept
is	O
strictly	O
related	O
to	O
word	B-General_Concept
sense	I-General_Concept
disambiguation	I-General_Concept
(	O
WSD	O
)	O
,	O
in	O
that	O
both	O
aim	O
to	O
determine	O
the	O
meaning	O
of	O
a	O
word	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
while	O
WSD	O
consists	O
of	O
automatically	O
assigning	O
the	O
appropriate	O
sense	O
from	O
a	O
fixed	O
sense	O
inventory	O
,	O
lexical	B-General_Concept
substitution	I-General_Concept
does	O
not	O
impose	O
any	O
constraint	O
on	O
which	O
substitute	O
to	O
choose	O
as	O
the	O
best	O
representative	O
for	O
the	O
word	O
in	O
context	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
not	O
prescribing	O
the	O
inventory	O
,	O
lexical	B-General_Concept
substitution	I-General_Concept
overcomes	O
the	O
issue	O
of	O
the	O
granularity	O
of	O
sense	O
distinctions	O
and	O
provides	O
a	O
level	O
playing	O
field	O
for	O
automatic	O
systems	O
that	O
automatically	O
acquire	O
word	O
senses	O
(	O
a	O
task	O
referred	O
to	O
as	O
Word	B-General_Concept
Sense	I-General_Concept
Induction	I-General_Concept
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
order	O
to	O
evaluate	O
automatic	O
systems	O
on	O
lexical	B-General_Concept
substitution	I-General_Concept
,	O
a	O
task	O
was	O
organized	O
at	O
the	O
evaluation	O
competition	O
held	O
in	O
Prague	O
in	O
2007	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
task	O
on	O
cross-lingual	O
lexical	B-General_Concept
substitution	I-General_Concept
has	O
also	O
taken	O
place	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
variety	O
of	O
neural	B-Architecture
networks	I-Architecture
(	O
computer	O
system	O
modeled	O
after	O
a	O
human	O
brain	O
)	O
are	O
formed	O
together	O
as	O
a	O
result	O
of	O
the	O
vectors	O
and	O
networks	O
that	O
are	O
related	O
together	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
model	O
has	O
been	O
used	O
in	O
lexical	B-General_Concept
substitution	I-General_Concept
automation	O
and	O
prediction	O
algorithms	O
.	O
</s>
