<s>
In	O
digital	O
electronics	O
,	O
a	O
level	B-General_Concept
shifter	I-General_Concept
,	O
also	O
called	O
logic-level	B-General_Concept
shifter	I-General_Concept
or	O
voltage	B-General_Concept
level	I-General_Concept
translator	I-General_Concept
,	O
is	O
a	O
circuit	O
used	O
to	O
translate	O
signals	O
from	O
one	O
logic	O
level	O
or	O
voltage	O
domain	O
to	O
another	O
,	O
allowing	O
compatibility	O
between	O
integrated	O
circuits	O
with	O
different	O
voltage	O
requirements	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
TTL	B-General_Concept
and	O
CMOS	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Modern	O
systems	O
use	O
level	B-General_Concept
shifters	I-General_Concept
to	O
bridge	O
domains	O
between	O
processors	O
,	O
logic	O
,	O
sensors	O
,	O
and	O
other	O
circuits	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Fixed	O
function	O
level	B-General_Concept
shifter	I-General_Concept
ICs	O
-	O
These	O
ICs	O
provide	O
several	O
different	O
types	O
of	O
level	B-General_Concept
shift	I-General_Concept
in	O
fixed	O
function	O
devices	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Often	O
lumped	O
into	O
2-bit	O
,	O
4-bit	O
,	O
or	O
8-bit	O
level	B-General_Concept
shift	I-General_Concept
configurations	O
offered	O
with	O
various	O
VDD1	O
and	O
VDD2	O
ranges	O
,	O
these	O
devices	O
translate	O
logic	O
levels	O
without	O
any	O
additional	O
integrated	O
logic	O
or	O
timing	O
adjustment	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Configurable	O
mixed-signal	O
ICs	O
(	O
CMICs	O
)	O
–	O
Level	B-General_Concept
shifter	I-General_Concept
circuitry	O
can	O
also	O
be	O
implemented	O
in	O
a	O
CMIC	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
no-code	O
programmable	O
nature	O
of	O
CMICs	O
allows	O
designers	O
to	O
implement	O
fully	O
customizable	O
level	B-General_Concept
shifters	I-General_Concept
with	O
the	O
added	O
option	O
to	O
integrate	O
configurable	O
logic	O
or	O
timing	O
adjustments	O
in	O
the	O
same	O
device	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
level	B-General_Concept
shifters	I-General_Concept
are	O
used	O
to	O
resolve	O
the	O
voltage	O
incompatibility	O
between	O
various	O
parts	O
of	O
a	O
system	O
,	O
they	O
have	O
a	O
wide	O
range	O
of	O
applications	O
as	O
well	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Level	B-General_Concept
shifters	I-General_Concept
are	O
widely	O
used	O
in	O
interfacing	O
legacy	O
devices	O
and	O
also	O
in	O
SD	O
cards	O
,	O
SIM	O
cards	O
,	O
CF	O
cards	O
,	O
audio	O
codecs	O
and	O
UARTs	O
.	O
</s>
