<s>
Uber	B-Application
filed	O
suit	O
in	O
the	O
Federal	O
Court	O
of	O
Australia	O
,	O
arguing	O
that	O
the	O
public	O
issue	O
by	O
the	O
ATO	O
"	O
unfairly	O
targets	O
Uber	B-Application
's	O
driver-partners	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
December	O
2014	O
,	O
the	O
New	O
South	O
Wales	O
government	O
confirmed	O
that	O
in	O
April	O
2014	O
,	O
it	O
conducted	O
an	O
unannounced	O
search	O
of	O
Uber	B-Application
's	O
Sydney	O
offices	O
in	O
April	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
August	O
2015	O
,	O
the	O
New	O
South	O
Wales	O
government	O
created	O
a	O
task	O
force	O
to	O
look	O
into	O
regulating	O
Uber	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
mid-November	O
2014	O
,	O
the	O
Taxi	O
Council	O
of	O
Queensland	O
(	O
TCQ	O
)	O
launched	O
an	O
anti-Uber	O
media	O
campaign	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Uber	B-Application
defended	O
itself	O
against	O
the	O
claims	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Effective	O
5	O
September	O
2016	O
,	O
Uber	B-Application
was	O
legalized	O
in	O
Queensland	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
6	O
May	O
2014	O
,	O
the	O
Victorian	O
Taxi	O
Service	O
Commission	O
fined	O
Uber	B-Application
drivers	O
A$	O
1,723	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
State	O
officers	O
said	O
that	O
they	O
will	O
review	O
the	O
state	O
's	O
Transport	O
Act	O
,	O
while	O
Uber	B-Application
said	O
it	O
will	O
reimburse	O
its	O
drivers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
4	O
December	O
2015	O
,	O
an	O
Uber	B-Application
driver	O
was	O
found	O
guilty	O
of	O
driving	O
a	O
hire	O
car	O
without	O
a	O
licence	O
or	O
registration	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
case	O
was	O
the	O
first	O
of	O
12	O
brought	O
against	O
Uber	B-Application
drivers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
18	O
May	O
2016	O
,	O
the	O
judgement	O
was	O
overturned	O
on	O
appeal	O
,	O
effectively	O
legalizing	O
Uber	B-Application
in	O
Victoria	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Both	O
Uber	B-Application
and	O
the	O
taxi	O
industry	O
supported	O
the	O
regulations	O
,	O
which	O
provided	O
certainty	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Uber	B-Application
was	O
launched	O
on	O
November	O
22	O
,	O
2016	O
in	O
Dhaka	O
,	O
but	O
within	O
36	O
hours	O
of	O
its	O
launching	O
,	O
Bangladesh	O
Road	O
Transport	O
Authority	O
(	O
BRTA	O
)	O
declared	O
it	O
illegal	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Uber	B-Application
and	O
other	O
ridesharing	O
companies	O
lobbied	O
the	O
government	O
to	O
legalize	O
ridesharing	O
companies	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
early	O
2018	O
,	O
a	O
large	O
faction	O
CNG	O
auto-rickshaw	O
drivers	O
decided	O
to	O
join	O
Uber	B-Application
and	O
the	O
ridesharing	O
companies	O
,	O
which	O
operate	O
auto-rickshaw	O
service	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
April	O
2014	O
,	O
Uber	B-Application
was	O
banned	O
in	O
Brussels	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
company	O
was	O
threatened	O
with	O
fines	O
of	O
€	O
10,000	O
if	O
it	O
offers	O
fares	O
to	O
drivers	O
who	O
are	O
not	O
in	O
possession	O
of	O
a	O
taxi	O
license	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Bruxelles-Mobilite	O
,	O
the	O
city	O
's	O
federal	O
region	O
administration	O
responsible	O
for	O
infrastructure	O
and	O
traffic	O
,	O
impounded	O
13	O
cars	O
aligned	O
with	O
Uber	B-Application
after	O
March	O
2014	O
and	O
a	O
spokesperson	O
for	O
the	O
body	O
described	O
the	O
service	O
as	O
"	O
illegal	O
"	O
in	O
June	O
2014	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Although	O
already	O
banned	O
in	O
Brussels	O
,	O
Uber	B-Application
advertised	O
for	O
a	O
Brussels-based	O
"	O
General	O
Manager	O
"	O
on	O
the	O
LinkedIn	O
website	O
in	O
June	O
2014	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
advertisement	O
stated	O
that	O
the	O
role	O
was	O
"	O
by	O
far	O
the	O
most	O
demanding	O
position	O
Uber	B-Application
has	O
to	O
offer.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
October	O
2015	O
,	O
Uber	B-Application
suspended	O
its	O
UberPOP	O
service	O
,	O
but	O
continued	O
to	O
operate	O
its	O
UberX	O
service	O
,	O
which	O
uses	O
licensed	O
drivers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
April	O
29	O
,	O
2015	O
,	O
a	O
Brazilian	O
court	O
banned	O
Uber	B-Application
in	O
response	O
to	O
complaints	O
by	O
a	O
taxi	O
drivers	O
 '	O
union	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
court	O
also	O
ordered	O
Apple	O
Inc.	O
,	O
Google	O
Inc.	O
,	O
Microsoft	O
,	O
and	O
Samsung	O
Electronics	O
to	O
prevent	O
installation	O
and	O
use	O
of	O
the	O
Uber	B-Application
mobile	B-Application
app	I-Application
by	O
Brazilian	O
residents	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
few	O
weeks	O
later	O
,	O
the	O
order	O
was	O
revoked	O
,	O
allowing	O
Uber	B-Application
to	O
operate	O
normally	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Lawmakers	O
voted	O
to	O
ban	O
Uber	B-Application
in	O
São	O
Paulo	O
and	O
Brasília	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
October	O
2015	O
,	O
Fernando	O
Haddad	O
,	O
the	O
mayor	O
of	O
São	O
Paulo	O
,	O
signed	O
a	O
bill	O
to	O
allow	O
for	O
a	O
new	O
category	O
of	O
"	O
black	O
taxis	O
"	O
which	O
would	O
operate	O
in	O
parallel	O
to	O
the	O
city	O
's	O
existing	O
licensed	O
taxis	O
but	O
only	O
be	O
bookable	O
via	O
mobile	B-Application
phone	I-Application
apps	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Uber	B-Application
rejected	O
the	O
proposal	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
late	O
2015	O
,	O
an	O
Uber	B-Application
driver	O
was	O
beaten	O
by	O
taxi	O
drivers	O
in	O
Brazil	O
,	O
and	O
similar	O
attacks	O
followed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Uber	B-Application
began	O
operations	O
in	O
Sofia	O
in	O
December	O
2014	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
September	O
2015	O
,	O
a	O
court	O
upheld	O
fines	O
imposed	O
on	O
Uber	B-Application
for	O
unfair	O
trade	O
practices	O
and	O
Uber	B-Application
subsequently	O
stopped	O
service	O
in	O
Bulgaria	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Uber	B-Application
drivers	O
in	O
Canada	O
are	O
required	O
"	O
to	O
register	O
,	O
collect	O
and	O
remit	O
HST/GST	O
from	O
their	O
fares	O
to	O
the	O
government	O
"	O
,	O
regardless	O
of	O
their	O
income	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
December	O
5	O
,	O
2012	O
,	O
Toronto	O
officials	O
charged	O
Uber	B-Application
with	O
25	O
municipal	O
licensing	O
infractions	O
,	O
including	O
operation	O
of	O
an	O
unlicensed	O
taxi	O
brokerage	O
and	O
unlicensed	O
limousine	O
service	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Despite	O
support	O
from	O
some	O
quarters	O
including	O
mayor	O
John	O
Tory	O
,	O
Toronto	O
Police	O
Service	O
launched	O
a	O
crackdown	O
on	O
Uber	B-Application
drivers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
July	O
2015	O
,	O
a	O
$400M	O
class-action	O
lawsuit	O
was	O
filed	O
against	O
UberX	O
and	O
UberXL	B-Application
in	O
Toronto	O
on	O
behalf	O
of	O
Ontario	O
taxi	O
and	O
limo	O
drivers	O
,	O
brokers	O
,	O
and	O
owners	O
,	O
who	O
alleged	O
that	O
Uber	B-Application
violated	O
section	O
39.1	O
of	O
the	O
province	O
's	O
Highway	O
Traffic	O
Act	O
by	O
having	O
unlicensed	O
drivers	O
picking	O
up	O
passengers	O
and	O
transporting	O
them	O
for	O
compensation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
March	O
2016	O
,	O
Sukhvir	O
Tehethi	O
,	O
a	O
local	O
taxi	O
driver	O
,	O
filed	O
an	O
injunction	O
against	O
Uber	B-Application
to	O
stop	O
it	O
from	O
operating	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Edmonton	O
officials	O
unveiled	O
a	O
proposed	O
ridesharing	O
bylaw	O
on	O
September	O
9	O
,	O
2015	O
to	O
permit	O
Uber	B-Application
to	O
operate	O
legally	O
in	O
Edmonton	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Uber	B-Application
opposed	O
the	O
accompanying	O
regulations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Uber	B-Application
was	O
legalized	O
in	O
Edmonton	O
on	O
Wednesday	O
,	O
January	O
27	O
,	O
2016	O
effective	O
as	O
of	O
March	O
1	O
,	O
2016	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
Uber	B-Application
ceased	O
operations	O
in	O
Edmonton	O
on	O
March	O
1	O
,	O
2016	O
,	O
citing	O
inability	O
to	O
obtain	O
the	O
necessary	O
insurance	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Uber	B-Application
continued	O
to	O
operate	O
outside	O
of	O
Edmonton	O
despite	O
lack	O
of	O
insurance	O
or	O
proper	O
licensing	O
of	O
their	O
drivers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Uber	B-Application
pulled	O
their	O
cars	O
off	O
Edmonton	O
streets	O
until	O
July	O
1	O
when	O
the	O
province	O
approved	O
an	O
insurance	O
policy	O
specifically	O
for	O
ride-sharing	O
companies	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2015	O
,	O
Calgary	O
,	O
Alberta	O
charged	O
at	O
least	O
17	O
drivers	O
illegally	O
driving	O
for	O
Uber	B-Application
without	O
insurance	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Uber	B-Application
was	O
given	O
clearance	O
to	O
operate	O
in	O
Calgary	O
in	O
December	O
2016	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2020	O
,	O
mayor	O
Doug	O
McCallum	O
gained	O
criticism	O
in	O
the	O
media	O
when	O
he	O
refused	O
to	O
allow	O
Uber	B-Application
drivers	O
to	O
operate	O
in	O
the	O
city	O
of	O
Surrey	O
,	O
despite	O
municipalities	O
not	O
having	O
the	O
power	O
to	O
block	O
ridesharing	O
under	O
provincial	O
law	O
in	O
British	O
Columbia	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
McCallum	O
stated	O
that	O
the	O
ban	O
on	O
Uber	B-Application
drivers	O
was	O
enacted	O
to	O
protect	O
the	O
jobs	O
of	O
taxi	O
drivers	O
working	O
in	O
Surrey	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
ban	O
,	O
any	O
Uber	B-Application
driver	O
caught	O
driving	O
a	O
passenger	O
within	O
city	O
limits	O
would	O
have	O
to	O
pay	O
a	O
$500	O
fine	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
After	O
losing	O
a	O
legal	O
battle	O
with	O
Uber	B-Application
,	O
a	O
Supreme	O
Court	O
of	O
British	O
Columbia	O
judge	O
ordered	O
the	O
city	O
to	O
stop	O
issuing	O
the	O
fines	O
,	O
allowing	O
Uber	B-Application
and	O
other	O
provincially-regulated	O
ridesharing	O
companies	O
to	O
freely	O
operate	O
within	O
its	O
jurisdiction	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Uber	B-Application
continues	O
to	O
negotiate	O
with	O
the	O
government	O
of	O
Quebec	O
after	O
the	O
government	O
issued	O
regulations	O
requiring	O
drivers	O
to	O
undergo	O
35	O
hours	O
of	O
training	O
and	O
a	O
background	O
check	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
of	O
January	O
2019	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
same	O
pilot	O
project	O
as	O
Uber	B-Application
,	O
the	O
Government	O
of	O
Quebec	O
authorizes	O
Eva	O
,	O
a	O
local	O
cooperative	O
alternative	O
,	O
to	O
run	O
in	O
Montreal	O
,	O
Quebec	O
and	O
Gatineau	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Uber	B-Application
launched	O
in	O
the	O
city	O
on	O
December	O
3	O
,	O
2020	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
August	O
21	O
,	O
2015	O
,	O
Uber	B-Application
started	O
operations	O
in	O
Costa	O
Rica	O
and	O
multiple	O
Uber	B-Application
drivers	O
were	O
immediately	O
attacked	O
by	O
taxi	O
drivers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
December	O
2014	O
,	O
in	O
Chongqing	O
,	O
police	O
raided	O
a	O
training	O
session	O
organised	O
by	O
Uber	B-Application
that	O
was	O
attended	O
by	O
more	O
than	O
20	O
drivers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
April	O
2015	O
,	O
Chinese	O
authorities	O
raided	O
the	O
offices	O
of	O
Uber	B-Application
in	O
Guangzhou	O
,	O
Guangdong	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
May	O
6	O
,	O
2015	O
,	O
local	O
police	O
raided	O
Uber	B-Application
's	O
offices	O
in	O
Chengdu	O
,	O
in	O
Sichuan	O
province	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2016	O
,	O
Uber	B-Application
sold	O
its	O
Chinese	O
operations	O
to	O
Didi	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Before	O
Uber	B-Application
began	O
operations	O
in	O
Croatia	O
,	O
the	O
Sustainable	O
Development	O
of	O
Croatia	O
party	O
and	O
major	O
taxi	O
service	O
companies	O
were	O
against	O
it	O
,	O
stating	O
that	O
the	O
price	O
of	O
Uber	B-Application
service	O
does	O
n't	O
compensate	O
the	O
drivers	O
enough	O
for	O
gas	O
,	O
car	O
maintenance	O
,	O
passenger	O
insurance	O
,	O
nor	O
health	O
and	O
retirement	O
insurance	O
for	O
the	O
driver	O
,	O
and	O
Uber	B-Application
prices	O
also	O
do	O
n't	O
include	O
VAT	O
nor	O
surtax	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
October	O
2015	O
,	O
Uber	B-Application
initiated	O
service	O
in	O
Zagreb	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
June	O
2016	O
,	O
the	O
Uber	B-Application
started	O
operating	O
in	O
Split	O
,	O
Croatia	O
and	O
Dubrovnik	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
September	O
2016	O
,	O
a	O
group	O
of	O
taxi	O
drivers	O
attacked	O
a	O
Uber	B-Application
driver	O
who	O
was	O
waiting	O
for	O
a	O
passenger	O
at	O
Zagreb	O
Airport	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Uber	B-Application
driver	O
canceled	O
the	O
ride	O
before	O
the	O
passenger	O
arrived	O
and	O
drove	O
away	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
attackers	O
following	O
him	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
biggest	O
protests	O
against	O
Uber	B-Application
in	O
Prague	O
took	O
place	O
in	O
February	O
2018	O
,	O
when	O
the	O
taxi	O
drivers	O
drove	O
forth	O
and	O
back	O
along	O
the	O
highway	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Uber	B-Application
's	O
activity	O
in	O
Brno	O
was	O
preliminarily	O
stopped	O
by	O
the	O
regional	O
court	O
in	O
July	O
2017	O
,	O
but	O
in	O
October	O
2017	O
,	O
a	O
higher	O
court	O
canceled	O
the	O
measure	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
March	O
2018	O
,	O
Uber	B-Application
concluded	O
an	O
agreement	O
with	O
the	O
Czech	O
government	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
After	O
Uber	B-Application
Black	I-Application
and	O
UberPop	O
were	O
launched	O
in	O
Copenhagen	O
in	O
November	O
2014	O
,	O
the	O
Danish	O
Transport	O
Authority	O
filed	O
a	O
complaint	O
accusing	O
Uber	B-Application
of	O
operating	O
illegally	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
January	O
2015	O
,	O
Denmark	O
's	O
transport	O
minister	O
stated	O
that	O
,	O
although	O
he	O
was	O
not	O
opposed	O
to	O
Uber	B-Application
,	O
the	O
app	O
was	O
"	O
contrary	O
"	O
to	O
Danish	O
law	O
—	O
consumer	O
safety	O
and	O
employee	O
training	O
were	O
identified	O
as	O
the	O
key	O
concerns	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
July	O
2016	O
,	O
six	O
Uber	B-Application
drivers	O
were	O
convicted	O
for	O
offering	O
taxi	O
services	O
without	O
license	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Police	O
also	O
charged	O
more	O
than	O
48	O
Uber	B-Application
drivers	O
for	O
unlicensed	O
taxi	O
driving	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
November	O
18	O
,	O
2016	O
,	O
the	O
Østre	O
Landsret	O
ruled	O
that	O
Uber	B-Application
is	O
an	O
illegal	O
taxi	O
service	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Uber	B-Application
shut	O
operations	O
in	O
Denmark	O
in	O
April	O
2017	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
After	O
several	O
protests	O
,	O
sit-ins	O
,	O
and	O
violent	O
attacks	O
by	O
taxi	O
operators	O
in	O
2016	O
and	O
a	O
lawsuit	O
filed	O
in	O
March	O
2018	O
,	O
the	O
Egyptian	O
government	O
legalized	O
Uber	B-Application
and	O
Careem	B-Application
in	O
May	O
2018	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
cabbies	O
contended	O
that	O
Uber	B-Application
and	O
similar	O
smartphone	O
app-based	O
services	O
have	O
an	O
unfair	O
advantage	O
because	O
they	O
are	O
not	O
subject	O
to	O
the	O
same	O
kinds	O
of	O
fees	O
and	O
regulations	O
placed	O
on	O
taxis	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
December	O
2017	O
,	O
the	O
European	O
Court	O
of	O
Justice	O
ruled	O
that	O
Uber	B-Application
is	O
a	O
transport	O
company	O
,	O
subject	O
to	O
local	O
transport	O
regulation	O
in	O
European	O
Union	O
member	O
states	O
,	O
rather	O
than	O
an	O
information	O
society	O
service	O
as	O
Uber	B-Application
had	O
argued	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Uber	B-Application
launched	O
UberPop	O
in	O
Helsinki	O
in	O
2014	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
September	O
2016	O
,	O
the	O
Helsinki	O
Court	O
of	O
Appeal	O
deemed	O
Uber	B-Application
illegal	O
,	O
as	O
the	O
company	O
did	O
not	O
have	O
a	O
taxi	O
license	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2018	O
,	O
Uber	B-Application
was	O
legalized	O
in	O
Finland	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
January	O
13	O
,	O
2014	O
,	O
cab	O
drivers	O
in	O
Paris	O
attacked	O
an	O
Uber	B-Application
driver	O
's	O
car	O
near	O
Charles	O
de	O
Gaulle	O
Airport	O
,	O
protesting	O
competition	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
October	O
17	O
,	O
2014	O
,	O
a	O
court	O
ruled	O
that	O
Uber	B-Application
was	O
illegal	O
and	O
stated	O
that	O
UberPop	O
violated	O
a	O
pre-existent	O
regulation	O
that	O
bans	O
carpooling	O
for	O
profit	O
and	O
fined	O
Uber	B-Application
€	O
100,000	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
December	O
12	O
,	O
2014	O
,	O
a	O
French	O
court	O
ruled	O
that	O
Uber	B-Application
could	O
not	O
advertise	O
some	O
of	O
its	O
services	O
to	O
the	O
general	O
public	O
in	O
France	O
;	O
if	O
it	O
did	O
so	O
,	O
it	O
would	O
face	O
a	O
$	O
25,000	O
daily	O
fine	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
UberPool	B-Application
remained	O
operational	O
in	O
Paris	O
and	O
continued	O
to	O
aggressively	O
recruit	O
French	O
drivers	O
and	O
passengers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
June	O
25	O
,	O
2015	O
,	O
cab	O
drivers	O
in	O
Paris	O
"	O
locked	O
down	O
"	O
Paris	O
in	O
an	O
anti-Uber	O
protest	O
that	O
became	O
increasingly	O
violent	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Musician	O
Courtney	O
Love	O
got	O
caught	O
in	O
the	O
protest	O
and	O
live	O
tweeted	O
as	O
her	O
Uber	B-Application
cab	O
was	O
violently	O
attacked	O
and	O
she	O
and	O
her	O
driver	O
were	O
held	O
hostage	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
June	O
2015	O
,	O
French	O
authorities	O
arrested	O
two	O
Uber	B-Application
managers	O
on	O
six	O
charges	O
,	O
including	O
"	O
deceptive	O
commercial	O
practices	O
"	O
,	O
complicity	O
in	O
instigating	O
an	O
illegal	O
taxi-driving	O
activity	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
illegal	O
stocking	O
of	O
personal	O
information	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
July	O
5	O
,	O
2015	O
,	O
Uber	B-Application
suspended	O
UberPop	O
in	O
the	O
face	O
of	O
pressure	O
by	O
the	O
French	O
government	O
while	O
awaiting	O
a	O
court	O
decision	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
September	O
22	O
,	O
2015	O
,	O
France	O
's	O
highest	O
constitutional	O
authority	O
rejected	O
Uber	B-Application
's	O
appeal	O
of	O
a	O
law	O
banning	O
UberPop	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
June	O
2016	O
,	O
a	O
Paris	O
court	O
fined	O
Uber	B-Application
€800	O
,	O
000	O
,	O
half	O
suspended	O
,	O
for	O
illegally	O
running	O
its	O
UberPop	O
service	O
in	O
2015	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
early	O
2014	O
,	O
Berlin	O
authorities	O
ruled	O
against	O
Uber	B-Application
—	O
which	O
operated	O
in	O
the	O
German	O
cities	O
of	O
Berlin	O
,	O
Munich	O
,	O
Frankfurt	O
,	O
Hamburg	O
,	O
and	O
Düsseldorf	O
—	O
on	O
two	O
occasions	O
following	O
a	O
case	O
filed	O
by	O
the	O
Berlin	O
Taxi	O
Association	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
ruling	O
,	O
delivered	O
by	O
a	O
court	O
in	O
April	O
2014	O
,	O
deemed	O
Uber	B-Application
's	O
limousine	O
service	O
to	O
be	O
in	O
breach	O
of	O
local	O
legislation	O
,	O
while	O
an	O
August	O
13	O
,	O
2014	O
decision	O
banned	O
the	O
service	O
from	O
operating	O
in	O
Berlin	O
due	O
to	O
safety	O
concerns	O
—	O
the	O
latter	O
decision	O
,	O
which	O
included	O
a	O
€	O
25,000	O
fine	O
for	O
non-compliance	O
,	O
cited	O
issues	O
pertaining	O
to	O
unregulated	O
vehicles	O
and	O
unqualified	O
drivers	O
who	O
are	O
not	O
properly	O
insured	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
August	O
28	O
,	O
2014	O
,	O
a	O
court	O
in	O
Frankfurt	O
issued	O
an	O
immediate	O
cease	O
and	O
desist	O
order	O
against	O
Uber	B-Application
following	O
an	O
appeal	O
from	O
Taxi	O
Deutschland	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
If	O
the	O
injunction	O
was	O
breached	O
,	O
Uber	B-Application
's	O
German-based	O
employees	O
could	O
be	O
jailed	O
for	O
up	O
to	O
6	O
months	O
and	O
the	O
company	O
could	O
be	O
fined	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
UberBLACK	B-Application
was	O
not	O
affected	O
by	O
the	O
ruling	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
September	O
16	O
,	O
2014	O
,	O
the	O
district	O
court	O
of	O
Frankfurt	O
revoked	O
the	O
preliminary	O
injunction	O
,	O
thereby	O
re-allowing	O
Uber	B-Application
to	O
operate	O
in	O
Germany	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
presiding	O
judge	O
wrote	O
that	O
the	O
Taxi	O
Deutschland	O
case	O
"	O
would	O
have	O
had	O
prospects	O
for	O
success	O
"	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
case	O
was	O
merely	O
lodged	O
too	O
late	O
,	O
as	O
any	O
case	O
needs	O
to	O
be	O
filed	O
within	O
two	O
months	O
of	O
a	O
service	O
's	O
launch	O
—	O
Uber	B-Application
started	O
in	O
Germany	O
in	O
April	O
2014	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
case	O
was	O
filed	O
in	O
August	O
2014	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
October	O
2015	O
,	O
Uber	B-Application
limited	O
its	O
operations	O
to	O
its	O
UberX	O
and	O
UberBLACK	B-Application
services	O
,	O
which	O
requires	O
drivers	O
that	O
hold	O
passenger	O
transport	O
licenses	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
November	O
2018	O
,	O
Uber	B-Application
began	O
operations	O
in	O
Düsseldorf	O
,	O
working	O
with	O
licensed	O
drivers	O
and	O
taxi	O
companies	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
April	O
2018	O
,	O
Uber	B-Application
suspended	O
service	O
in	O
Greece	O
after	O
regulations	O
were	O
implemented	O
that	O
require	O
all	O
rides	O
to	O
begin	O
and	O
end	O
in	O
the	O
fleet	O
partner	O
's	O
designated	O
headquarters	O
or	O
parking	O
area	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
August	O
11	O
,	O
2015	O
,	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
Police	O
raided	O
Uber	B-Application
's	O
office	O
after	O
arresting	O
five	O
drivers	O
in	O
a	O
sting	O
operation	O
aimed	O
at	O
combating	O
illegal	O
taxis	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
the	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
government	O
investment	O
agency	O
,	O
InvestHK	O
,	O
had	O
endorsed	O
Uber	B-Application
as	O
one	O
of	O
its	O
"	O
success	O
stories	O
"	O
on	O
its	O
website	O
,	O
although	O
the	O
endorsement	O
was	O
later	O
removed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
They	O
accused	O
Uber	B-Application
from	O
using	O
false	O
and	O
misleading	O
documents	O
to	O
lie	O
to	O
the	O
public	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
July	O
2016	O
,	O
Uber	B-Application
was	O
ruled	O
to	O
be	O
an	O
illegal	O
taxi	O
service	O
in	O
Hungary	O
and	O
subsequently	O
suspended	O
operations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Hyderabad	O
road	O
transport	O
authority	O
banned	O
Uber	B-Application
cabs	O
a	O
day	O
after	O
the	O
Indian	O
Ministry	O
of	O
Home	O
Affairs	O
advised	O
all	O
states	O
to	O
stop	O
the	O
operation	O
of	O
ridesharing	O
companies	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
spokesman	O
for	O
the	O
authority	O
said	O
that	O
Uber	B-Application
did	O
not	O
hold	O
a	O
license	O
to	O
operate	O
in	O
the	O
city	O
,	O
and	O
asked	O
the	O
public	O
to	O
cease	O
using	O
Uber	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
After	O
Home	O
Minister	O
Rajnath	O
Singh	O
announced	O
in	O
Parliament	O
on	O
December	O
9	O
,	O
2014	O
that	O
he	O
had	O
advised	O
all	O
states	O
and	O
Union	O
territories	O
to	O
ban	O
unregistered	O
and	O
unlicensed	O
cab	O
services	O
,	O
the	O
state	O
government	O
of	O
Karnataka	O
banned	O
Uber	B-Application
on	O
December	O
11	O
,	O
2014	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
December	O
2014	O
,	O
following	O
allegations	O
of	O
rape	O
against	O
an	O
Uber	B-Application
driver	O
in	O
New	O
Delhi	O
,	O
Uber	B-Application
was	O
banned	O
from	O
New	O
Delhi	O
for	O
not	O
following	O
the	O
city	O
's	O
compulsory	O
police	O
verification	O
procedure	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Within	O
two	O
days	O
of	O
the	O
rape	O
incident	O
,	O
almost	O
7,000	O
people	O
signed	O
a	O
petition	O
calling	O
on	O
Uber	B-Application
to	O
conduct	O
mandatory	O
7-year	O
background	O
checks	O
on	O
drivers	O
,	O
in	O
line	O
with	O
its	O
U.S.	O
operations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Delhi	O
's	O
transport	O
department	O
banned	O
Uber	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Uber	B-Application
issued	O
a	O
statement	O
stating	O
that	O
it	O
would	O
work	O
with	O
the	O
Indian	O
government	O
"	O
to	O
establish	O
clear	O
background	O
checks	O
currently	O
absent	O
in	O
their	O
commercial	O
transportation	O
licensing	O
programs.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
banning	O
Uber	B-Application
,	O
Delhi	O
's	O
transport	O
department	O
cited	O
several	O
rules	O
that	O
Uber	B-Application
had	O
broken	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Uber	B-Application
is	O
faced	O
with	O
limits	O
to	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
drivers	O
that	O
are	O
allowed	O
to	O
operate	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
March	O
22	O
,	O
2016	O
,	O
thousands	O
of	O
taxi	O
drivers	O
in	O
Jakarta	O
demonstrated	O
against	O
Uber	B-Application
and	O
a	O
similar	O
service	O
,	O
Grab	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Taxi	O
drivers	O
accused	O
that	O
Grab	O
and	O
Uber	B-Application
were	O
causing	O
them	O
to	O
receive	O
smaller	O
daily	O
incomes	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
rising	O
number	O
of	O
app	O
users	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Uber	B-Application
first	O
introduced	O
a	O
limited	O
service	O
in	O
the	O
Tel	O
Aviv	O
area	O
in	O
August	O
2014	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
in	O
November	O
2017	O
the	O
Tel	O
Aviv	O
District	O
Court	O
issued	O
a	O
permanent	O
injunction	O
against	O
Uber	B-Application
's	O
utilizing	O
private	O
cars	O
in	O
Israel	O
on	O
the	O
grounds	O
that	O
these	O
lacked	O
the	O
insurance	O
coverage	O
of	O
regulated	O
taxis	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Uber	B-Application
was	O
allowed	O
to	O
provide	O
its	O
service	O
in	O
licensed	O
taxis	O
as	O
do	O
other	O
crowd-sourced	O
ride-hailing	O
companies	O
such	O
as	O
Gett	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Although	O
Uber	B-Application
had	O
the	O
support	O
of	O
Prime	O
Minister	O
Benjamin	O
Netanyahu	O
,	O
the	O
court	O
ruled	O
for	O
the	O
taxi	O
companies	O
and	O
drivers	O
who	O
opposed	O
Uber	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Alfredo	O
Landi	O
banned	O
the	O
UberBlack	B-Application
,	O
Uber-Lux	O
,	O
Uber-SUV	O
,	O
Uber-X	O
,	O
Uber-XL	O
,	O
UberSelect	O
and	O
Uber-Van	O
app	O
throughout	O
Italy	O
for	O
unfair	O
competition	O
practices	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
September	O
2018	O
,	O
Uber	B-Application
struck	O
a	O
deal	O
with	O
the	O
Fuji	O
Taxi	O
Group	O
to	O
let	O
users	O
hail	O
cabs	O
through	O
its	O
app	O
in	O
Nagoya	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Uber	B-Application
initially	O
started	O
with	O
350	O
cabs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
October	O
15	O
,	O
2014	O
,	O
five	O
Uber	B-Application
drivers	O
were	O
involved	O
in	O
a	O
crackdown	O
by	O
the	O
Road	O
Transport	O
Department	O
(	O
JPJ	O
)	O
,	O
under	O
the	O
Ops	O
Teksi	O
Uber	B-Application
2014	O
operation	O
—	O
which	O
began	O
on	O
October	O
1	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Between	O
October	O
2014	O
and	O
October	O
2015	O
,	O
the	O
Land	O
Public	O
Transport	O
Commission	O
impounded	O
44	O
Uber	B-Application
vehicles	O
,	O
using	O
many	O
methods	O
such	O
as	O
tracking	O
the	O
vehicles	O
using	O
Uber	B-Application
's	O
app	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
also	O
reported	O
that	O
some	O
taxi	O
drivers	O
have	O
taken	O
it	O
upon	O
themselves	O
to	O
nab	O
Uber	B-Application
drivers	O
and	O
turn	O
them	O
over	O
to	O
the	O
police	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
July	O
2017	O
,	O
legislation	O
was	O
passed	O
to	O
legalize	O
Uber	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Uber	B-Application
began	O
services	O
in	O
Casablanca	O
in	O
July	O
2015	O
but	O
suspended	O
service	O
in	O
Morocco	O
in	O
February	O
2018	O
after	O
it	O
was	O
not	O
clear	O
that	O
the	O
service	O
was	O
legal	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
At	O
first	O
Uber	B-Application
continued	O
operating	O
,	O
but	O
Uber	B-Application
shut	O
down	O
its	O
service	O
in	O
November	O
2015	O
after	O
office	O
raids	O
by	O
Dutch	O
authorities	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
January	O
2015	O
,	O
several	O
Uber	B-Application
vehicles	O
were	O
stopped	O
by	O
New	O
Zealand	O
police	O
,	O
claiming	O
that	O
Uber	B-Application
was	O
in	O
violation	O
of	O
the	O
Land	O
Transport	O
Act	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Two	O
Uber	B-Application
drivers	O
were	O
charged	O
with	O
violating	O
the	O
Land	O
Transport	O
Act	O
and	O
face	O
fines	O
of	O
up	O
to	O
NZ$	O
10,000	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
January	O
20	O
,	O
2015	O
,	O
the	O
Associate	O
Transport	O
Minister	O
,	O
Craig	O
Foss	O
,	O
said	O
that	O
the	O
rules	O
covering	O
taxis	O
and	O
private	O
hire	O
services	O
,	O
including	O
Uber	B-Application
,	O
will	O
be	O
reviewed	O
by	O
New	O
Zealand	O
officials	O
by	O
mid-2015	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
April	O
and	O
May	O
2016	O
the	O
New	O
Zealand	O
Transport	O
Authority	O
(	O
NZTA	O
)	O
sent	O
warnings	O
to	O
17	O
Uber	B-Application
drivers	O
who	O
did	O
not	O
comply	O
with	O
current	O
regulations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
August	O
3	O
,	O
2017	O
,	O
Uber	B-Application
New	O
Zealand	O
GM	O
,	O
Richard	O
Menzies	O
,	O
announced	O
that	O
Uber	B-Application
is	O
formally	O
recognized	O
as	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
public	O
transport	O
mix	O
,	O
meaning	O
it	O
can	O
legally	O
operate	O
in	O
New	O
Zealand	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Uber	B-Application
Eats	O
was	O
later	O
launched	O
in	O
New	O
Zealand	O
that	O
year	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
October	O
25	O
,	O
2022	O
,	O
New	O
Zealand	O
Employment	O
Court	O
Chief	O
Judge	O
Christina	O
Inglis	O
ruled	O
that	O
New	O
Zealand-based	O
Uber	B-Application
drivers	O
operating	O
in	O
New	O
Zealand	O
were	O
employees	O
rather	O
than	O
contractors	O
,	O
entitling	O
them	O
to	O
various	O
workers	O
 '	O
rights	O
and	O
protections	O
under	O
New	O
Zealand	O
law	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Inglis	O
ruled	O
in	O
favor	O
of	O
four	O
Uber	B-Application
drivers	O
,	O
who	O
had	O
challenged	O
Uber	B-Application
's	O
position	O
that	O
the	O
drivers	O
were	O
independent	O
contractors	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
response	O
,	O
Uber	B-Application
criticised	O
the	O
Employment	O
Court	O
's	O
ruling	O
and	O
announced	O
that	O
they	O
would	O
appeal	O
the	O
judgment	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Uber	B-Application
began	O
operations	O
in	O
Norway	O
in	O
2014	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
According	O
to	O
the	O
Norwegian	O
Professional	O
Transport	O
Act	O
,	O
a	O
taxi	O
license	O
is	O
required	O
to	O
charge	O
for	O
passenger	O
transport	O
"	O
addressed	O
to	O
general	O
public	O
on	O
public	O
space	O
"	O
In	O
2015	O
,	O
an	O
Uber	B-Application
driver	O
was	O
acquitted	O
because	O
the	O
court	O
found	O
that	O
communication	O
through	O
a	O
mobile	B-Application
app	I-Application
was	O
not	O
to	O
be	O
regarded	O
as	O
"	O
public	O
space.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
October	O
30	O
,	O
2017	O
,	O
Uber	B-Application
suspended	O
its	O
UberPOP	O
service	O
in	O
Oslo	O
,	O
continuing	O
to	O
operate	O
UberBLACK	B-Application
and	O
UberXL	B-Application
service	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
October	O
23	O
,	O
2014	O
,	O
despite	O
the	O
recommendation	O
of	O
the	O
Metropolitan	O
Manila	O
Development	O
Authority	O
,	O
the	O
Philippine	O
Land	O
Transportation	O
Franchising	O
and	O
Regulatory	O
Board	O
(	O
LTFRB	O
)	O
imposed	O
a	O
₱	O
120,000	O
(	O
US$	O
2,676	O
)	O
to	O
₱	O
200,000	O
(	O
US$	O
4,460	O
)	O
fine	O
for	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
the	O
Uber	B-Application
app	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
spokesperson	O
for	O
the	O
board	O
said	O
that	O
the	O
fines	O
were	O
issued	O
because	O
Uber	B-Application
did	O
not	O
have	O
an	O
approved	O
franchise	O
to	O
operate	O
in	O
the	O
country	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
LTFRB	O
also	O
remarked	O
that	O
Uber	B-Application
can	O
still	O
operate	O
in	O
Metro	O
Manila	O
if	O
the	O
House	O
of	O
Representatives	O
of	O
the	O
Philippines	O
grants	O
the	O
company	O
a	O
proper	O
legislative	O
franchise	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
October	O
30	O
,	O
2014	O
,	O
after	O
an	O
intervention	O
from	O
the	O
Department	O
of	O
Transportation	O
and	O
Communications	O
,	O
the	O
LTFRB	O
temporarily	O
suspended	O
its	O
campaign	O
of	O
apprehending	O
Uber	B-Application
vehicles	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Taxis	O
were	O
also	O
given	O
a	O
chance	O
to	O
compete	O
by	O
also	O
giving	O
them	O
a	O
sub-classification	O
that	O
matches	O
features	O
found	O
in	O
Uber	B-Application
and	O
other	O
similar	O
services	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
August	O
19	O
,	O
2015	O
,	O
Uber	B-Application
complied	O
and	O
secured	O
government	O
registration	O
to	O
become	O
the	O
country	O
's	O
second	O
ridesharing	O
company	O
after	O
Grab	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Uber	B-Application
suspended	O
service	O
for	O
a	O
month	O
on	O
August	O
14	O
,	O
2017	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
defiance	O
of	O
LTFRB	O
's	O
order	O
on	O
not	O
to	O
accredit	O
drivers	O
in	O
their	O
systems	O
starting	O
July	O
26	O
,	O
2017	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Following	O
the	O
commencement	O
of	O
Uber	B-Application
services	O
in	O
Warsaw	B-Application
in	O
2014	O
,	O
Jarosław	O
Iglikowski	O
,	O
chief	O
of	O
the	O
Union	O
of	O
Warsaw	B-Application
Taxi	O
Drivers	O
,	O
said	O
:	O
"	O
We	O
will	O
put	O
pressure	O
on	O
politicians	O
,	O
and	O
demand	O
that	O
they	O
change	O
the	O
regulations	O
[	O
for	O
firms	O
offering	O
taxi	O
services ]	O
.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
June	O
2017	O
,	O
after	O
a	O
protest	O
by	O
2,000	O
taxi	O
drivers	O
,	O
Deputy	O
Prime	O
Minister	O
Mateusz	O
Morawiecki	O
announced	O
that	O
Poland	O
may	O
impose	O
more	O
regulations	O
on	O
Uber	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
April	O
2018	O
,	O
Poland	O
announced	O
new	O
licensing	O
requirements	O
for	O
ridesharing	O
companies	O
such	O
as	O
Uber	B-Application
and	O
Taxify	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
December	O
2017	O
,	O
Uber	B-Application
was	O
ruled	O
to	O
be	O
illegal	O
in	O
Portugal	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
November	O
2018	O
,	O
Uber	B-Application
and	O
ride	O
sharing	O
became	O
legal	O
again	O
with	O
the	O
so-called	O
'	O
Uber	B-Application
law	O
 '	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
May	O
2015	O
,	O
the	O
Romanian	O
Parliament	O
adopted	O
a	O
law	O
which	O
banned	O
transport	O
services	O
by	O
unauthorized	O
drivers	O
,	O
effectively	O
making	O
Uber	B-Application
illegal	O
;	O
however	O
,	O
Uber	B-Application
continues	O
to	O
operate	O
in	O
Romania	O
as	O
it	O
battles	O
in	O
the	O
courts	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
June	O
2018	O
,	O
Uber	B-Application
was	O
banned	O
in	O
Cluj	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
June	O
25	O
,	O
2019	O
,	O
the	O
Romanian	O
Government	O
passed	O
an	O
emergency	O
ordinance	O
which	O
regulates	O
alternative	O
transport	O
servicies	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
Uber	B-Application
and	O
Bolt	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
March	O
2017	O
,	O
Saudi	O
Arabia	O
banned	O
Uber	B-Application
and	O
Careem	B-Application
from	O
picking	O
up	O
at	O
the	O
airport	O
,	O
citing	O
license	O
requirements	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
February	O
10	O
,	O
2017	O
,	O
the	O
Singapore	O
Land	O
Transport	O
Authority	O
(	O
LTA	O
)	O
ruled	O
that	O
private	O
hire	O
cars	O
who	O
used	O
Uber	B-Application
or	O
Grab	O
service	O
are	O
not	O
exempted	O
from	O
the	O
child	O
seat	O
requirement	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Over	O
300	O
vehicles	O
operating	O
for	O
the	O
Uber	B-Application
service	O
in	O
Cape	O
Town	O
were	O
impounded	O
in	O
2015	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
Cape	O
Town	O
,	O
on	O
June	O
3	O
,	O
2016	O
,	O
metered	O
taxi	O
drivers	O
blockaded	O
the	O
road	O
to	O
the	O
city	O
's	O
airport	O
and	O
forced	O
passengers	O
out	O
of	O
vehicles	O
whilst	O
attacking	O
Uber	B-Application
drivers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
July	O
2018	O
,	O
in	O
Johannesburg	O
,	O
Uber	B-Application
and	O
taxi	O
drivers	O
initiated	O
a	O
strike	O
action	O
,	O
blocking	O
roads	O
and	O
,	O
in	O
3	O
cases	O
,	O
taking	O
the	O
phones	O
of	O
drivers	O
that	O
did	O
not	O
participate	O
in	O
the	O
strike	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
August	O
2018	O
,	O
Uber	B-Application
opposed	O
a	O
new	O
law	O
that	O
would	O
prohibit	O
the	O
company	O
from	O
allowing	O
drivers	O
to	O
operate	O
without	O
a	O
license	O
,	O
subject	O
to	O
a	O
fine	O
of	O
up	O
to	O
R100	O
,	O
000	O
,	O
claiming	O
that	O
many	O
drivers	O
were	O
facing	O
delays	O
in	O
getting	O
permits	O
from	O
government	O
agencies	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Seoul	O
city	O
government	O
released	O
an	O
official	O
statement	O
in	O
July	O
2014	O
expressing	O
its	O
intention	O
to	O
ban	O
Uber	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
government	O
stated	O
that	O
South	O
Korean	O
law	O
prohibits	O
fee-paying	O
transport	O
services	O
that	O
use	O
unregistered	O
private	O
or	O
rented	O
vehicles	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
Seoul	O
driver	O
received	O
a	O
one-million	O
won	O
(	O
US$974	O
)	O
fine	O
in	O
April	O
2014	O
after	O
using	O
Uber	B-Application
to	O
solicit	O
customers	O
in	O
a	O
rented	O
car	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
city	O
government	O
also	O
initiated	O
a	O
police	O
investigation	O
of	O
Uber	B-Application
in	O
June	O
2014	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
request	O
was	O
suspended	O
due	O
to	O
a	O
lack	O
of	O
evidence	O
;	O
however	O
,	O
the	O
July	O
statement	O
indicated	O
that	O
the	O
investigation	O
would	O
be	O
recommenced	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
December	O
2014	O
,	O
Uber	B-Application
announced	O
that	O
the	O
Seoul	O
Central	O
District	O
Prosecutors	O
 '	O
Office	O
had	O
issued	O
an	O
indictment	O
against	O
both	O
the	O
company	O
and	O
Kalanick	O
in	O
regard	O
to	O
the	O
violation	O
of	O
a	O
Korean	O
law	O
prohibiting	O
individuals	O
or	O
firms	O
without	O
appropriate	O
license	O
from	O
providing	O
or	O
facilitating	O
transportation	O
services	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
March	O
2015	O
,	O
Uber	B-Application
suspended	O
its	O
UberX	O
service	O
in	O
Korea	O
after	O
disputes	O
with	O
officials	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
December	O
9	O
,	O
2014	O
,	O
In	O
the	O
absence	O
of	O
any	O
legal	O
provision	O
for	O
private	O
hire	O
,	O
a	O
judge	O
ordered	O
Uber	B-Application
to	O
cease	O
all	O
activities	O
in	O
Spain	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Uber	B-Application
restarted	O
operations	O
in	O
Spain	O
in	O
March	O
2016	O
,	O
this	O
time	O
using	O
only	O
licensed	O
drivers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
August	O
2017	O
,	O
Uber	B-Application
suspended	O
its	O
UberPOP	O
service	O
in	O
Zürich	O
following	O
controversy	O
over	O
its	O
legality	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
of	O
December	O
6	O
,	O
2014	O
,	O
Uber	B-Application
Taiwan	O
had	O
received	O
over	O
NT$	O
1,000,000	O
in	O
fines	O
for	O
operating	O
illegally	O
,	O
including	O
a	O
cease	O
and	O
desist	O
of	O
the	O
app	O
,	O
on	O
December	O
5	O
,	O
2014	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Uber	B-Application
was	O
fined	O
231	O
million	O
Taiwan	O
dollars	O
(	O
$7.4	O
million	O
)	O
over	O
two	O
weeks	O
after	O
new	O
rules	O
introduced	O
on	O
January	O
6	O
,	O
2017	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
February	O
2	O
,	O
2017	O
,	O
Uber	B-Application
announced	O
it	O
will	O
suspend	O
its	O
service	O
in	O
Taiwan	O
after	O
the	O
fines	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
April	O
2017	O
,	O
Uber	B-Application
restarted	O
service	O
in	O
Taiwan	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
2019	O
amendment	O
to	O
Article	O
103-1	O
of	O
the	O
Transportation	O
Management	O
Regulations	O
,	O
dubbed	O
the	O
"	O
Uber	B-Application
clause	O
,	O
"	O
barred	O
rideshare	O
companies	O
from	O
forming	O
partnerships	O
with	O
vehicle	O
rental	O
agencies	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
June	O
2	O
,	O
2018	O
,	O
following	O
pressure	O
from	O
Istanbul	O
taxi	O
drivers	O
,	O
President	O
Recep	O
Tayyip	O
Erdoğan	O
declared	O
that	O
Uber	B-Application
is	O
"	O
finished	O
"	O
in	O
Turkey	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Following	O
concerns	O
raised	O
by	O
taxi	O
drivers	O
in	O
Thailand	O
over	O
Uber	B-Application
's	O
lower	O
rates	O
,	O
Uber	B-Application
was	O
declared	O
illegal	O
on	O
November	O
28	O
,	O
2014	O
under	O
Thailand	O
's	O
Motor	O
Vehicle	O
Act	O
B.E.	O
</s>
<s>
2522	O
,	O
claiming	O
that	O
Uber	B-Application
vehicles	O
are	O
not	O
properly	O
registered	O
in	O
Thailand	O
,	O
Thai	O
Uber	B-Application
drivers	O
are	O
not	O
properly	O
licensed	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
Uber	B-Application
discriminates	O
against	O
people	O
who	O
do	O
not	O
possess	O
credit	O
cards	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Following	O
the	O
announcement	O
,	O
Uber	B-Application
drivers	O
faced	O
a	O
maximum	O
4,000	O
-baht	O
fine	O
if	O
caught	O
by	O
police	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
May	O
2016	O
,	O
Uber	B-Application
was	O
forced	O
to	O
shut	O
its	O
motorcycle	O
taxi	O
service	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
March	O
2017	O
,	O
Thai	O
transport	O
authorities	O
began	O
a	O
crackdown	O
on	O
ridesharing	O
companies	O
such	O
as	O
Grab	O
and	O
Uber	B-Application
and	O
urged	O
the	O
government	O
to	O
ban	O
them	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Uber	B-Application
launched	O
in	O
Abu	O
Dhabi	O
in	O
2013	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
August	O
2016	O
,	O
Uber	B-Application
and	O
Careem	B-Application
were	O
suspended	O
in	O
Abu	O
Dhabi	O
after	O
some	O
drivers	O
were	O
detained	O
over	O
regulation	O
violations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Careem	B-Application
resumed	O
operation	O
in	O
December	O
2016	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Uber	B-Application
restarted	O
service	O
in	O
Abu	O
Dhabi	O
in	O
November	O
2018	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Dubai-based	O
Careem	B-Application
launched	O
in	O
2012	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Uber	B-Application
launched	O
in	O
Dubai	O
in	O
2013	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
January	O
2017	O
,	O
after	O
a	O
long	O
spat	O
with	O
regulators	O
,	O
Uber	B-Application
signed	O
an	O
agreement	O
with	O
the	O
Roads	O
and	O
Transport	O
Authority	O
of	O
Dubai	O
and	O
became	O
fully	O
regulated	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Under	O
this	O
deal	O
,	O
Uber	B-Application
is	O
entitled	O
to	O
deploy	O
about	O
14,000	O
vehicles	O
around	O
the	O
city	O
per	O
the	O
law	O
of	O
transportation	O
companies	O
in	O
Dubai	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
October	O
28	O
,	O
2016	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
case	O
of	O
Aslam	O
v	O
Uber	B-Application
BV	O
,	O
the	O
Central	O
London	O
Employment	O
tribunal	O
ruled	O
that	O
Uber	B-Application
drivers	O
are	O
"	O
workers	O
"	O
,	O
rather	O
than	O
self-employed	O
individuals	O
,	O
and	O
are	O
entitled	O
to	O
the	O
minimum	O
wage	O
under	O
the	O
National	O
Minimum	O
Wage	O
Act	O
1998	O
,	O
paid	O
holiday	O
,	O
and	O
other	O
normal	O
worker	O
entitlements	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Two	O
Uber	B-Application
drivers	O
had	O
brought	O
the	O
test	O
case	O
to	O
the	O
employment	O
tribunal	O
with	O
the	O
assistance	O
of	O
the	O
GMB	O
Union	O
,	O
on	O
behalf	O
of	O
a	O
group	O
of	O
drivers	O
in	O
London	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Uber	B-Application
appealed	O
the	O
decision	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Two	O
Uber	B-Application
drivers	O
had	O
brought	O
the	O
case	O
to	O
the	O
employment	O
tribunal	O
with	O
the	O
assistance	O
of	O
the	O
GMB	O
Union	O
on	O
20	O
July	O
2016	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
November	O
10	O
,	O
the	O
court	O
upheld	O
the	O
ruling	O
against	O
Uber	B-Application
's	O
appeal	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
December	O
2018	O
,	O
Uber	B-Application
lost	O
an	O
appeal	O
at	O
the	O
Court	O
of	O
Appeal	O
,	O
but	O
was	O
granted	O
permission	O
to	O
appeal	O
to	O
the	O
Supreme	O
Court	O
of	O
the	O
United	O
Kingdom	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
November	O
2018	O
,	O
Uber	B-Application
was	O
fined	O
£	O
385,000	O
under	O
the	O
Data	O
Protection	O
Act	O
1998	O
for	O
a	O
data	O
breach	O
affecting	O
35	O
million	O
users	O
worldwide	O
,	O
and	O
more	O
detailed	O
data	O
from	O
3.7	O
million	O
drivers	O
including	O
their	O
weekly	O
pay	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
11	O
June	O
2014	O
,	O
London-based	O
Hackney	O
carriage	O
(	O
black	O
cab	O
)	O
drivers	O
,	O
members	O
of	O
the	O
Licensed	O
Taxi	O
Drivers	O
Association	O
,	O
disrupted	O
traffic	O
as	O
a	O
protest	O
against	O
Transport	O
for	O
London	O
's	O
refusal	O
to	O
stop	O
Uber	B-Application
's	O
calculation	O
of	O
fares	O
based	O
on	O
distance	O
and	O
time	O
taken	O
,	O
as	O
they	O
claimed	O
it	O
infringes	O
upon	O
their	O
right	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
sole	O
users	O
of	O
taximeters	O
in	O
London	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
following	O
week	O
,	O
London	O
mayor	O
Boris	O
Johnson	O
stated	O
it	O
would	O
be	O
"	O
difficult	O
"	O
for	O
him	O
to	O
ban	O
Uber	B-Application
"	O
without	O
the	O
risk	O
of	O
a	O
judicial	O
review	O
"	O
;	O
however	O
,	O
he	O
expressed	O
sympathy	O
for	O
the	O
view	O
of	O
the	O
black-cab	O
drivers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
October	O
16	O
,	O
2015	O
,	O
after	O
Transport	O
for	O
London	O
brought	O
a	O
case	O
to	O
the	O
High	O
Court	O
of	O
Justice	O
to	O
determine	O
whether	O
the	O
way	O
Uber	B-Application
's	O
app	O
calculates	O
a	O
fare	O
falls	O
under	O
the	O
definition	O
of	O
a	O
taximeter	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
ruled	O
that	O
the	O
app	O
is	O
legal	O
in	O
London	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
September	O
22	O
,	O
2017	O
Transport	O
for	O
London	O
announced	O
that	O
it	O
would	O
not	O
renew	O
the	O
license	O
of	O
Uber	B-Application
's	O
local	O
service	O
provider	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
due	O
to	O
expire	O
at	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
that	O
month	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Transport	O
for	O
London	O
declared	O
that	O
Uber	B-Application
London	O
Limited	O
was	O
not	O
"	O
fit	O
and	O
proper	O
"	O
to	O
hold	O
a	O
private	O
hire	O
operator	O
license	O
,	O
citing	O
concerns	O
over	O
the	O
company	O
's	O
approach	O
to	O
reporting	O
serious	O
criminal	O
offences	O
,	O
obtaining	O
medical	O
certificates	O
and	O
Disclosure	O
and	O
Barring	O
Service	O
checks	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
Uber	B-Application
#Greyball	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Uber	B-Application
indicated	O
that	O
it	O
would	O
appeal	O
the	O
decision	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Uber	B-Application
had	O
applied	O
for	O
a	O
5-year	O
license	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
December	O
12	O
,	O
2017	O
York	O
's	O
Gambling	O
,	O
Licensing	O
&	O
Regulatory	O
Committee	O
voted	O
to	O
deny	O
the	O
renewal	O
of	O
Uber	B-Application
's	O
license	O
due	O
to	O
a	O
data	O
breach	O
in	O
2016	O
and	O
several	O
complaints	O
against	O
the	O
company	O
and	O
drivers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Uber	B-Application
appealed	O
with	O
QC	O
Philip	O
Kolvin	O
,	O
taking	O
City	O
of	O
York	O
Council	O
to	O
the	O
Magistrates	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Uber	B-Application
withdrew	O
from	O
the	O
appeal	O
on	O
March	O
14	O
,	O
2018	O
with	O
the	O
plan	O
to	O
reapply	O
for	O
the	O
license	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
November	O
2018	O
,	O
the	O
city	O
looked	O
into	O
the	O
legality	O
of	O
Uber	B-Application
after	O
a	O
legal	O
expert	O
claimed	O
that	O
Uber	B-Application
drivers	O
are	O
"	O
acting	O
as	O
unlicensed	O
operators	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
May	O
1	O
,	O
2018	O
,	O
Brighton	O
and	O
Hove	O
City	O
Council	O
's	O
licensing	O
panel	O
refused	O
to	O
renew	O
Uber	B-Application
's	O
private	O
hire	O
operator	O
license	O
in	O
the	O
city	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
December	O
2018	O
,	O
Uber	B-Application
won	O
an	O
appeal	O
of	O
the	O
case	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
July	O
2018	O
,	O
ridesharing	O
companies	O
such	O
as	O
Uber	B-Application
and	O
Lyft	B-Application
became	O
legal	O
across	O
Alabama	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
September	O
2015	O
,	O
Uber	B-Application
paid	O
the	O
State	O
of	O
Alaska	O
$	O
77,925	O
and	O
paused	O
operations	O
in	O
Anchorage	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
state	O
argued	O
that	O
Uber	B-Application
was	O
misclassifying	O
drivers	O
as	O
contractors	O
instead	O
of	O
employees	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
illegal	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
May	O
2011	O
,	O
Uber	B-Application
received	O
a	O
cease-and-desist	O
letter	O
from	O
the	O
San	O
Francisco	O
Municipal	O
Transportation	O
Agency	O
,	O
claiming	O
it	O
was	O
operating	O
an	O
unlicensed	O
taxi	O
service	O
,	O
and	O
another	O
legal	O
demand	O
from	O
the	O
California	O
Public	O
Utilities	O
Commission	O
(	O
CPUC	O
)	O
that	O
it	O
was	O
operating	O
an	O
unlicensed	O
limousine	O
dispatch	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
response	O
,	O
the	O
company	O
,	O
among	O
other	O
things	O
,	O
changed	O
its	O
name	O
from	O
UberCab	B-Application
to	O
Uber	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
fall	O
of	O
2012	O
,	O
the	O
CPUC	O
issued	O
a	O
cease-and-desist	O
letter	O
to	O
Uber	B-Application
,	O
Lyft	B-Application
,	O
and	O
Sidecar	O
,	O
and	O
fined	O
each	O
$	O
20,000	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
June	O
2013	O
,	O
Lyft	B-Application
,	O
Uber	B-Application
and	O
Sidecar	O
were	O
served	O
with	O
cease	O
and	O
desist	O
letters	O
by	O
the	O
Los	O
Angeles	O
Department	O
of	O
Transportation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
September	O
2013	O
,	O
the	O
CPUC	O
unanimously	O
voted	O
to	O
make	O
the	O
agreement	O
permanent	O
,	O
creating	O
a	O
new	O
category	O
of	O
service	O
called	O
"	O
transportation	O
network	O
company	O
"	O
to	O
cover	O
Lyft	B-Application
,	O
UberX	O
,	O
SideCar	O
,	O
and	O
Summon	O
,	O
thereby	O
making	O
California	O
the	O
first	O
jurisdiction	O
to	O
recognize	O
such	O
services	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Prosecutors	O
claimed	O
that	O
Uber	B-Application
made	O
misleading	O
statements	O
about	O
the	O
background	O
checks	O
it	O
performs	O
on	O
drivers	O
and	O
falsely	O
charged	O
a	O
"	O
safe	O
ride	O
fee.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
case	O
was	O
resolved	O
when	O
Uber	B-Application
agreed	O
to	O
no	O
longer	O
claim	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
"	O
safest	O
ride	O
on	O
the	O
road	O
"	O
,	O
change	O
the	O
name	O
of	O
the	O
"	O
safe	O
ride	O
fee	O
"	O
to	O
"	O
booking	O
fee	O
"	O
,	O
and	O
pay	O
$10	O
million	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
San	O
Francisco	O
's	O
city	O
attorneys	O
had	O
previously	O
settled	O
out	O
of	O
court	O
with	O
Lyft	B-Application
over	O
similar	O
allegations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
December	O
14	O
,	O
2016	O
,	O
the	O
California	O
Department	O
of	O
Motor	O
Vehicles	O
demanded	O
that	O
Uber	B-Application
cease	O
its	O
autonomous	O
car	O
program	O
in	O
San	O
Francisco	O
or	O
obtain	O
a	O
licence	O
,	O
threatening	O
legal	O
action	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Following	O
the	O
invitation	O
of	O
tech	O
enthusiast	O
and	O
Arizona	O
Governor	O
Doug	O
Ducey	O
,	O
Uber	B-Application
decided	O
to	O
move	O
its	O
fleet	O
to	O
Phoenix	O
,	O
Arizona	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
January	O
2012	O
,	O
an	O
Uber	B-Application
driver	O
's	O
car	O
was	O
impounded	O
as	O
part	O
of	O
a	O
sting	O
by	O
the	O
Washington	O
,	O
D.C.	O
taxicab	O
commission	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Following	O
a	O
social	O
media	O
campaign	O
by	O
Uber	B-Application
riders	O
,	O
the	O
D.C.	O
city	O
council	O
voted	O
in	O
July	O
2012	O
to	O
formally	O
legalize	O
ridesharing	O
companies	O
,	O
which	O
led	O
to	O
protests	O
by	O
taxicab	O
drivers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
September	O
2014	O
,	O
a	O
class-action	O
lawsuit	O
was	O
filed	O
by	O
taxicab	O
drivers	O
claiming	O
that	O
Uber	B-Application
drivers	O
were	O
not	O
properly	O
licensed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
law	O
was	O
proposed	O
by	O
a	O
lobbyist	O
for	O
Uber	B-Application
and	O
had	O
been	O
opposed	O
by	O
certain	O
local	O
jurisdictions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
October	O
5	O
,	O
2012	O
,	O
Uber	B-Application
was	O
sued	O
by	O
the	O
taxi	O
and	O
livery	O
companies	O
in	O
Chicago	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Uber	B-Application
was	O
accused	O
of	O
violating	O
Chicago	O
city	O
laws	O
and	O
Illinois	O
state	O
laws	O
designed	O
to	O
protect	O
public	O
safety	O
,	O
consumer	O
protection	O
,	O
and	O
fair	O
practices	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
May	O
2015	O
,	O
Uber	B-Application
was	O
legalized	O
in	O
Kansas	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
August	O
1	O
,	O
2012	O
,	O
the	O
Massachusetts	O
Division	O
of	O
Standards	O
issued	O
a	O
cease-and-desist	O
letter	O
to	O
Uber	B-Application
on	O
the	O
grounds	O
that	O
the	O
GPS-based	O
smartphone	B-Application
app	I-Application
was	O
not	O
a	O
certified	O
measurement	O
device	O
,	O
but	O
on	O
August	O
15	O
,	O
the	O
agency	O
reversed	O
its	O
ruling	O
after	O
prodding	O
by	O
Governor	O
Deval	O
Patrick	O
,	O
saying	O
that	O
technique	O
was	O
satisfactory	O
because	O
it	O
was	O
under	O
study	O
by	O
the	O
National	O
Institute	O
of	O
Standards	O
and	O
Technology	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Uber	B-Application
worked	O
out	O
an	O
arrangement	O
with	O
the	O
city	O
of	O
Boston	O
to	O
share	O
quarterly	O
data	O
on	O
the	O
duration	O
,	O
locations	O
,	O
and	O
times	O
of	O
day	O
in	O
which	O
riders	O
used	O
the	O
app	O
to	O
travel	O
in	O
or	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
city	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
July	O
14	O
,	O
2020	O
,	O
the	O
Massachusetts	O
attorney	O
general	O
filed	O
a	O
lawsuit	O
seeking	O
a	O
court	O
ruling	O
that	O
Uber	B-Application
and	O
Lyft	B-Application
drivers	O
are	O
employees	O
under	O
Massachusetts	O
Wage	O
and	O
Hour	O
Laws	O
,	O
a	O
designation	O
that	O
will	O
allow	O
drivers	O
access	O
to	O
critical	O
labor	O
rights	O
and	O
benefits	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
minimum	O
wage	O
,	O
overtime	O
,	O
and	O
earned	O
sick	O
time	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
July	O
2015	O
,	O
Uber	B-Application
received	O
approval	O
to	O
legally	O
operate	O
in	O
Nebraska	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
November	O
25	O
,	O
2014	O
,	O
Washoe	O
County	O
,	O
Nevada	O
District	O
Court	O
Judge	O
Scott	O
Freeman	O
,	O
issued	O
a	O
preliminary	O
injunction	O
preventing	O
Uber	B-Application
from	O
operating	O
statewide	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Government	O
of	O
Nevada	O
also	O
claimed	O
that	O
Uber	B-Application
's	O
screening	O
process	O
was	O
not	O
rigorous	O
enough	O
to	O
protect	O
consumers	O
,	O
and	O
failed	O
to	O
conform	O
with	O
the	O
aforementioned	O
regulations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Uber	B-Application
contested	O
the	O
ruling	O
,	O
arguing	O
that	O
it	O
is	O
an	O
app-based	O
technology	O
company	O
rather	O
than	O
a	O
transportation	O
company	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
company	O
's	O
management	O
made	O
the	O
decision	O
to	O
temporarily	O
shut	O
down	O
its	O
Nevada	O
operations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Uber	B-Application
's	O
premium	O
sedan	O
service	O
was	O
not	O
affected	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
February	O
2017	O
,	O
the	O
New	O
York	O
State	O
Senate	O
approved	O
legislation	O
allowing	O
ridesharing	O
companies	O
to	O
expand	O
operations	O
to	O
Upstate	O
New	O
York	O
and	O
Uber	B-Application
began	O
service	O
there	O
in	O
June	O
2017	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
December	O
8	O
,	O
2014	O
,	O
Portland	O
,	O
Oregon	O
sued	O
Uber	B-Application
,	O
claiming	O
that	O
Uber	B-Application
violates	O
the	O
city	O
's	O
Private	O
for	O
Hire	O
Transportation	O
Regulations	O
and	O
Administrative	O
Rules	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
court	O
was	O
asked	O
to	O
stop	O
Uber	B-Application
from	O
operating	O
in	O
Portland	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Uber	B-Application
suspended	O
its	O
operations	O
in	O
the	O
city	O
for	O
3	O
months	O
,	O
pending	O
planned	O
changes	O
to	O
local	O
regulations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
February	O
2016	O
,	O
regulators	O
ratified	O
new	O
rules	O
for	O
ridesharing	O
companies	O
such	O
as	O
Uber	B-Application
and	O
Lyft	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
July	O
1	O
,	O
2014	O
,	O
after	O
implementing	O
fines	O
on	O
Uber	B-Application
and	O
Lyft	B-Application
,	O
the	O
Pennsylvania	O
Public	O
Utility	O
Commission	O
imposed	O
a	O
cease-and-desist	O
order	O
on	O
the	O
companies	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
December	O
2014	O
,	O
Uber	B-Application
and	O
Lyft	B-Application
received	O
two-year	O
experimental	O
licenses	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
June	O
2015	O
,	O
Uber	B-Application
drivers	O
became	O
eligible	O
to	O
pick	O
up	O
riders	O
at	O
Pittsburgh	O
International	O
Airport	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
December	O
2014	O
,	O
Checker	O
Cab	O
Philadelphia	O
and	O
44	O
other	O
taxi	O
companies	O
in	O
Philadelphia	O
filed	O
a	O
lawsuit	O
alleging	O
that	O
Uber	B-Application
was	O
operating	O
illegally	O
in	O
the	O
city	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
March	O
3	O
,	O
2015	O
,	O
U.S.	O
District	O
Judge	O
Nitza	O
I	O
.	O
Quinones	O
Alejandro	O
denied	O
a	O
motion	O
for	O
a	O
preliminary	O
injunction	O
against	O
Uber	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
January	O
2016	O
,	O
a	O
$1.5	O
M	O
lawsuit	O
was	O
filed	O
against	O
Uber	B-Application
in	O
Philadelphia	O
by	O
Philadelphia	O
taxicab	O
medallion	O
owners	O
,	O
claiming	O
that	O
Uber	B-Application
engaged	O
in	O
tortious	O
interference	O
and	O
engaged	O
in	O
false	O
advertising	O
under	O
the	O
Lanham	O
Act	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
March	O
2015	O
,	O
UberPOOL	B-Application
began	O
operations	O
in	O
Austin	O
,	O
Texas	O
in	O
advance	O
of	O
the	O
annual	O
South	O
by	O
Southwest	O
festival	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
May	O
7	O
,	O
2016	O
,	O
Uber	B-Application
and	O
Lyft	B-Application
announced	O
they	O
would	O
no	O
longer	O
provide	O
service	O
in	O
Austin	O
after	O
city	O
voters	O
rejected	O
a	O
referendum	O
backed	O
by	O
the	O
ridesharing	O
companies	O
that	O
would	O
have	O
repealed	O
a	O
city	O
ordinance	O
requiring	O
their	O
drivers	O
to	O
submit	O
to	O
fingerprint-based	O
background	O
checks	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
May	O
2017	O
,	O
regulations	O
pertaining	O
to	O
Austin	O
were	O
overridden	O
by	O
Texas	O
HB100	O
,	O
and	O
Uber	B-Application
and	O
Lyft	B-Application
resumed	O
operations	O
in	O
Austin	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
late	O
2016	O
,	O
Uber	B-Application
threatened	O
to	O
leave	O
Houston	O
ahead	O
of	O
Super	O
Bowl	O
LI	O
,	O
insisting	O
various	O
city	O
regulations	O
,	O
including	O
fingerprint	O
background	O
checks	O
of	O
drivers	O
,	O
were	O
too	O
burdensome	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Houston	O
officials	O
and	O
Uber	B-Application
reached	O
a	O
compromise	O
in	O
December	O
2016	O
,	O
whereby	O
Houston	O
would	O
continue	O
to	O
require	O
a	O
fingerprint	O
check	O
for	O
drivers	O
but	O
eliminate	O
requirements	O
for	O
driver	O
drug	O
testing	O
and	O
physicals	O
through	O
at	O
least	O
February	O
5	O
,	O
2017	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
June	O
5	O
,	O
2014	O
,	O
the	O
Virginia	B-Application
Department	O
of	O
Motor	O
Vehicles	O
issued	O
a	O
cease-and-desist	O
letter	O
to	O
both	O
Uber	B-Application
and	O
Lyft	B-Application
,	O
demanding	O
they	O
halt	O
operations	O
within	O
Virginia	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
February	O
2015	O
,	O
ridesharing	O
companies	O
were	O
legalized	O
in	O
Virginia	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Uber	B-Application
donated	O
over	O
$	O
613,000	O
to	O
"	O
Seattle	O
Citizens	O
to	O
Repeal	O
Ordinance	O
124441	O
"	O
,	O
a	O
political	O
group	O
seeking	O
to	O
overturn	O
the	O
ordinance	O
limiting	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
rideshare	O
vehicles	O
in	O
Seattle	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
May	O
2015	O
,	O
Governor	O
Scott	O
Walker	O
signed	O
legislation	O
making	O
it	O
easier	O
for	O
ridesharing	O
companies	O
such	O
as	O
Uber	B-Application
and	O
Lyft	B-Application
to	O
operate	O
without	O
local	O
regulation	O
and	O
oversight	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
March	O
30	O
,	O
2017	O
,	O
taxi	O
drivers	O
protested	O
against	O
Uber	B-Application
and	O
Yandex.Taxi	O
in	O
Lviv	O
.	O
</s>
