<s>
Laws	O
regarding	O
"	O
unauthorized	O
access	O
of	O
a	O
computer	B-Architecture
network	I-Architecture
"	O
exist	O
in	O
many	O
legal	O
codes	O
,	O
though	O
the	O
wording	O
and	O
meaning	O
differs	O
from	O
one	O
to	O
the	O
next	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
the	O
interpretation	O
of	O
terms	O
like	O
"	O
access	O
"	O
and	O
"	O
authorization	O
"	O
is	O
not	O
clear	O
,	O
and	O
there	O
is	O
no	O
general	O
agreement	O
on	O
whether	O
piggybacking	B-General_Concept
(	O
intentional	O
access	O
of	O
an	O
open	O
Wi-Fi	O
network	O
without	O
harmful	O
intent	O
)	O
falls	O
under	O
this	O
classification	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
example	O
,	O
a	O
common	O
but	O
untested	O
argument	O
is	O
that	O
the	O
802.11	O
and	O
DHCP	B-Protocol
protocols	O
operate	O
on	O
behalf	O
of	O
the	O
owner	O
,	O
implicitly	O
requesting	O
permission	O
to	O
access	O
the	O
network	O
,	O
which	O
the	O
wireless	B-Device
router	I-Device
then	O
authorizes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Section	O
326(1 )	O
of	O
the	O
Criminal	O
Code	O
may	O
also	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
address	O
unauthorized	O
access	O
of	O
a	O
computer	B-Architecture
network	I-Architecture
:	O
'	O
(	O
1	O
)	O
Every	O
one	O
commits	O
theft	O
who	O
fraudulently	O
,	O
maliciously	O
,	O
or	O
without	O
colour	O
of	O
right	O
 '	O
,	O
'	O
(	O
b	O
)	O
uses	O
any	O
telecommunication	O
facility	O
or	O
obtains	O
any	O
telecommunication	O
service.	O
'	O
</s>
<s>
Piggybacking	B-General_Concept
another	O
person	O
's	O
unsecured	O
wireless	O
network	O
is	O
illegal	O
in	O
Singapore	O
under	O
section	O
6(1 )	O
(	O
a	O
)	O
of	O
the	O
Computer	O
Misuse	O
and	O
Cybersecurity	O
Act	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
portable	O
devices	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
Apple	B-Device
iPad	I-Device
and	O
iPod	B-Device
Touch	I-Device
,	O
allow	O
casual	O
use	O
of	O
open	O
Wi-Fi	O
networks	O
as	O
a	O
basic	O
feature	O
,	O
and	O
often	O
identify	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
specific	O
access	O
points	O
within	O
the	O
vicinity	O
for	O
user	O
geolocation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
St.	O
Petersburg	O
,	O
2005	O
,	O
Benjamin	O
Smith	O
III	O
was	O
arrested	O
and	O
charged	O
with	O
"	O
unauthorized	O
access	O
to	O
a	O
computer	B-Architecture
network	I-Architecture
"	O
,	O
a	O
third-degree	O
felony	O
in	O
the	O
state	O
of	O
Florida	O
,	O
after	O
using	O
a	O
resident	O
's	O
wireless	O
network	O
from	O
a	O
car	O
parked	O
outside	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
Illinois	O
man	O
was	O
arrested	O
in	O
January	O
2006	O
for	O
piggybacking	B-General_Concept
on	O
a	O
Wi-Fi	O
network	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Westchester	O
County	O
passed	O
a	O
law	O
,	O
taking	O
effect	O
in	O
October	O
2006	O
,	O
that	O
requires	O
any	O
commercial	O
business	O
that	O
stores	O
,	O
utilizes	O
or	O
otherwise	O
maintains	O
personal	O
information	O
electronically	O
to	O
take	O
some	O
minimum	O
security	O
measures	O
(	O
e.g.	O
,	O
a	O
firewall	O
,	O
SSID	B-General_Concept
broadcasting	O
disabled	O
,	O
or	O
using	O
a	O
non-default	O
SSID	B-General_Concept
)	O
in	O
an	O
effort	O
to	O
fight	O
identity	O
theft	O
.	O
</s>
