<s>
Layer	B-Architecture
8	I-Architecture
is	O
a	O
term	O
used	O
to	O
refer	O
to	O
user	O
or	O
political	O
layer	O
on	O
top	O
of	O
the	O
7-layer	O
OSI	O
model	O
of	O
computer	O
networking	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
top	O
(	O
7th	O
)	O
layer	O
is	O
the	O
Application	B-Application
Layer	I-Application
describing	O
methods	O
and	O
protocols	O
of	O
software	O
applications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Layer	B-Architecture
8	I-Architecture
:	O
The	O
individual	O
person	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Layer	B-Architecture
9	I-Architecture
:	O
The	O
organization	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Layer	B-Architecture
8	I-Architecture
:	O
Money	O
-	O
Provides	O
network	O
corruption	O
by	O
inspiring	O
increased	O
interference	O
from	O
the	O
upper	O
layer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Layer	B-Architecture
9	I-Architecture
:	O
Politics	O
-	O
Consists	O
of	O
technically	O
ignorant	O
management	O
that	O
negatively	O
impacts	O
network	O
performance	O
and	O
development	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Layer	B-Architecture
9	I-Architecture
:	O
Politics	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Layer	B-Architecture
8	I-Architecture
:	O
The	O
user	O
factor	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
the	O
OSI	O
layer	O
numbers	O
are	O
commonly	O
used	O
to	O
discuss	O
networking	O
topics	O
,	O
a	O
troubleshooter	O
may	O
describe	O
an	O
issue	O
caused	O
by	O
a	O
user	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
layer	B-Architecture
8	I-Architecture
issue	O
,	O
similar	O
to	O
the	O
PEBKAC	O
acronym	O
,	O
the	O
ID-Ten-T	O
Error	O
and	O
also	O
PICNIC	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Political	O
policies	O
such	O
as	O
network	O
neutrality	O
,	O
spectrum	B-Algorithm
management	I-Algorithm
,	O
and	O
digital	O
inclusion	O
all	O
shape	O
the	O
technologies	O
comprising	O
layers	O
1	O
–	O
7	O
of	O
the	O
OSI	O
Model	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
network	O
guru	O
T-shirt	O
from	O
the	O
1980s	O
shows	O
Layer	B-Architecture
8	I-Architecture
as	O
the	O
"	O
financial	O
"	O
layer	O
,	O
and	O
Layer	B-Architecture
9	I-Architecture
as	O
the	O
"	O
political	O
"	O
layer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
TCP/IP	B-Protocol
model	I-Protocol
,	O
the	O
four-layer	O
model	O
of	O
the	O
Internet	O
,	O
a	O
fifth	O
layer	O
is	O
sometimes	O
analogously	O
described	O
as	O
the	O
political	O
layer	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
sixth	O
as	O
the	O
religious	O
layer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Linux	O
Gazette	O
carries	O
a	O
regular	O
column	O
called	O
Layer	B-Architecture
8	I-Architecture
Linux	O
Security	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
User-in-the-loop	B-Protocol
is	O
a	O
serious	O
concept	O
including	O
Layer	B-Architecture
8	I-Architecture
as	O
a	O
system-level	O
model	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Layer	B-Architecture
8	I-Architecture
Conference	O
&	O
Podcast	O
is	O
a	O
professional	O
conference	O
focusing	O
on	O
social	O
engineering	O
and	O
OSINT	O
.	O
</s>
