<s>
LastPass	B-Operating_System
is	O
a	O
password	O
manager	O
distributed	O
in	O
subscription	O
form	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
a	O
freemium	O
model	O
with	O
limited	O
functionality	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
standard	O
version	O
of	O
LastPass	B-Operating_System
comes	O
with	O
a	O
web	B-Application
interface	I-Application
,	O
but	O
also	O
includes	O
plugins	B-Protocol
for	O
various	O
web	B-Application
browsers	I-Application
and	O
apps	B-Application
for	I-Application
many	I-Application
smartphones	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
also	O
includes	O
support	O
for	O
bookmarklets	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
GoTo	B-Application
(	O
formerly	O
LogMeIn	B-Application
Inc	I-Application
.	O
)	O
acquired	O
LastPass	B-Operating_System
in	O
October	O
2015	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
December	O
14	O
,	O
2021	O
,	O
GoTo	B-Application
announced	O
that	O
LastPass	B-Operating_System
would	O
be	O
made	O
into	O
a	O
separate	O
company	O
and	O
accelerate	O
its	O
release	O
timeline	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
LastPass	B-Operating_System
suffered	O
significant	O
security	O
incidents	O
between	O
2011	O
and	O
2022	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
user	O
's	O
content	O
in	O
LastPass	B-Operating_System
,	O
including	O
passwords	O
and	O
secure	O
notes	O
,	O
is	O
protected	O
by	O
one	O
master	O
password	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
content	O
is	O
synchronized	B-General_Concept
to	O
any	O
device	O
the	O
user	O
uses	O
the	O
LastPass	B-Operating_System
software	O
or	O
app	O
extensions	O
on	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Information	O
is	O
encrypted	O
with	O
AES-256	B-Algorithm
encryption	O
with	O
PBKDF2	O
SHA-256	B-Algorithm
,	O
salted	O
hashes	B-Algorithm
,	O
and	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
increase	O
password	O
iterations	O
value	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
LastPass	B-Operating_System
has	O
a	O
form	B-Protocol
filler	I-Protocol
that	O
automates	O
password	O
entering	O
and	O
form	O
filling	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
supports	O
password	O
generation	O
,	O
site	O
sharing	O
and	O
site	O
logging	O
,	O
and	O
two-factor	O
authentication	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
LastPass	B-Operating_System
supports	O
two-factor	O
authentication	O
via	O
various	O
methods	O
including	O
the	O
LastPass	B-Operating_System
Authenticator	O
app	O
for	O
mobile	O
phones	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
others	O
including	O
YubiKey	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
LastPass	B-Operating_System
is	O
available	O
as	O
an	O
extension	B-Protocol
to	O
many	O
web	B-Application
browsers	I-Application
,	O
including	O
Google	B-Application
Chrome	I-Application
,	O
Mozilla	B-Application
Firefox	I-Application
,	O
Apple	B-Application
Safari	I-Application
,	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Edge	I-Application
,	O
Vivaldi	B-Language
,	O
and	O
Opera	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
also	O
has	O
apps	O
available	O
for	O
smartphones	O
running	O
the	O
Android	B-Application
,	O
iOS	B-Application
,	O
or	O
Windows	B-Protocol
Phone	I-Protocol
operating	O
systems	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Note	O
that	O
LastPass	B-Operating_System
shuts	O
off	O
the	O
Google	B-Application
Chrome	I-Application
browser	I-Application
setting	O
allowing	O
the	O
user	O
to	O
automatically	O
save	O
pass	O
words	O
in	O
the	O
browser	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Unlike	O
some	O
other	O
major	O
password	O
managers	O
,	O
LastPass	B-Operating_System
offers	O
a	O
user-set	O
password	O
hint	O
,	O
allowing	O
access	O
when	O
the	O
master	O
password	O
is	O
missing	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
December	O
2	O
,	O
2010	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
announced	O
that	O
LastPass	B-Operating_System
had	O
acquired	O
Xmarks	B-Operating_System
,	O
a	O
web	B-Protocol
browser	I-Protocol
extension	I-Protocol
that	O
enabled	O
password	O
synchronization	O
between	O
browsers	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
acquisition	O
meant	O
the	O
survival	O
of	O
Xmarks	B-Operating_System
,	O
which	O
had	O
financial	O
troubles	O
,	O
and	O
although	O
the	O
two	O
services	O
remained	O
separate	O
,	O
the	O
acquisition	O
led	O
to	O
a	O
reduced	O
price	O
for	O
paid	O
premium	O
subscriptions	O
combining	O
the	O
two	O
services	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
March	O
30	O
,	O
2018	O
,	O
the	O
Xmarks	B-Operating_System
service	O
was	O
announced	O
to	O
be	O
shut	O
down	O
on	O
May	O
1	O
,	O
2018	O
,	O
according	O
to	O
an	O
email	O
to	O
LastPass	B-Operating_System
users	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
October	O
9	O
,	O
2015	O
,	O
GoTo	B-Application
acquired	O
LastPass	B-Operating_System
for	O
$110	O
million	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
company	O
was	O
combined	O
under	O
the	O
LastPass	B-Operating_System
brand	O
with	O
a	O
similar	O
product	O
,	O
Meldium	B-Application
,	O
which	O
had	O
already	O
been	O
acquired	O
by	O
GoTo	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
February	O
3	O
,	O
2016	O
,	O
LastPass	B-Operating_System
unveiled	O
a	O
new	O
logo	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
previous	O
logo	B-Device
,	O
which	O
prominently	O
featured	O
an	O
asterisk	B-Language
,	O
was	O
the	O
subject	O
of	O
a	O
trademark	O
lawsuit	O
filed	O
in	O
early	O
2015	O
by	O
E-Trade	O
,	O
whose	O
logo	B-Device
also	O
features	O
an	O
asterisk	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
March	O
16	O
,	O
2016	O
,	O
LastPass	B-Operating_System
released	O
LastPass	B-Operating_System
Authenticator	O
,	O
a	O
free	O
two-factor	O
authentication	O
app	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
November	O
2	O
,	O
2016	O
,	O
LastPass	B-Operating_System
announced	O
that	O
free	O
accounts	O
would	O
now	O
support	O
synchronizing	O
user	O
content	O
to	O
any	O
device	O
,	O
a	O
feature	O
previously	O
exclusive	O
to	O
paid	O
accounts	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
August	O
2017	O
,	O
LastPass	B-Operating_System
announced	O
LastPass	B-Operating_System
Families	O
,	O
a	O
family	O
plan	O
for	O
sharing	O
passwords	O
,	O
bank	O
account	O
info	O
,	O
and	O
other	O
sensitive	O
data	O
among	O
family	O
members	O
for	O
a	O
$48	O
annual	O
subscription	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
February	O
16	O
,	O
2021	O
,	O
LastPass	B-Operating_System
announced	O
that	O
from	O
March	O
16	O
,	O
free	O
versions	O
would	O
be	O
usable	O
on	O
only	O
desktop	O
or	O
mobile	O
devices	O
,	O
rather	O
than	O
both	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
March	O
2009	O
,	O
PC	O
Magazine	O
awarded	O
LastPass	B-Operating_System
five	O
stars	O
,	O
an	O
"	O
Excellent	O
"	O
mark	O
,	O
and	O
their	O
"	O
Editors	O
 '	O
Choice	O
"	O
for	O
password	O
management	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
new	O
review	O
in	O
2016	O
following	O
the	O
release	O
of	O
LastPass	B-Operating_System
4.0	O
earned	O
the	O
service	O
again	O
five	O
stars	O
,	O
an	O
"	O
Outstanding	O
"	O
mark	O
,	O
and	O
"	O
Editors	O
 '	O
Choice	O
"	O
honor	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
July	O
2010	O
,	O
LastPass	B-Operating_System
's	O
security	O
model	O
was	O
extensively	O
covered	O
and	O
approved	O
of	O
by	O
Steve	O
Gibson	O
in	O
his	O
Security	O
Now	O
podcast	O
episode	O
256	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
October	O
2015	O
when	O
GoTo	B-Application
acquired	O
LastPass	B-Operating_System
,	O
founder	O
Joe	O
Siegrist	O
's	O
blog	O
was	O
filled	O
with	O
user	O
comments	O
voicing	O
criticism	O
of	O
GoTo	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Web	O
sites	O
ZDNet	O
,	O
Forbes	O
and	O
Infoworld	O
posted	O
articles	O
mentioning	O
the	O
outcry	O
by	O
existing	O
customers	O
,	O
some	O
of	O
whom	O
said	O
they	O
would	O
refuse	O
to	O
do	O
business	O
with	O
GoTo	B-Application
,	O
and	O
raised	O
other	O
concerns	O
about	O
GoTo	B-Application
's	O
reputation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
a	O
2017	O
Consumer	O
Reports	O
article	O
Dan	O
Guido	O
,	O
the	O
CEO	O
of	O
Trail	O
of	O
Bits	O
,	O
called	O
LastPass	B-Operating_System
a	O
popular	O
password	O
manager	O
(	O
alongside	O
Dashlane	B-Operating_System
,	O
KeePass	B-Language
,	O
and	O
1Password	B-Operating_System
)	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
choice	O
between	O
them	O
mostly	O
down	O
to	O
personal	O
preference	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
March	O
2019	O
,	O
Lastpass	B-Operating_System
was	O
awarded	O
the	O
Best	O
Product	O
in	O
Identity	O
Management	O
award	O
during	O
the	O
seventh	O
annual	O
Cyber	O
Defense	O
Magazine	O
InfoSec	O
Awards	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
February	O
2021	O
,	O
in	O
response	O
to	O
LastPass	B-Operating_System
limiting	O
its	O
free	O
tier	O
to	O
one	O
type	O
of	O
device	O
,	O
Barry	O
Collins	O
of	O
Forbes	O
called	O
the	O
change	O
a	O
"	O
bait	O
and	O
switch	O
"	O
that	O
makes	O
free	O
accounts	O
"	O
much	O
less	O
useful	O
than	O
they	O
used	O
to	O
be	O
"	O
that	O
"	O
ruins	O
"	O
the	O
free	O
tier	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
Tuesday	O
,	O
May	O
3	O
,	O
2011	O
,	O
LastPass	B-Operating_System
discovered	O
an	O
anomaly	O
in	O
their	O
incoming	O
network	O
traffic	O
,	O
then	O
a	O
similar	O
anomaly	O
in	O
their	O
outgoing	O
traffic	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Furthermore	O
,	O
given	O
the	O
size	O
of	O
the	O
anomalies	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
theoretically	O
possible	O
that	O
data	O
such	O
as	O
email	O
addresses	O
,	O
the	O
server	O
salt	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
salted	O
password	B-Algorithm
hashes	I-Algorithm
were	O
copied	O
from	O
the	O
LastPass	B-Operating_System
database	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
To	O
address	O
the	O
situation	O
,	O
LastPass	B-Operating_System
took	O
the	O
"	O
breached	O
"	O
servers	O
offline	O
so	O
they	O
could	O
be	O
rebuilt	O
and	O
,	O
on	O
May	O
4	O
,	O
2011	O
,	O
requested	O
all	O
users	O
change	O
their	O
master	O
passwords	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
Monday	O
,	O
June	O
15	O
,	O
2015	O
,	O
LastPass	B-Operating_System
posted	O
a	O
blog	O
post	O
indicating	O
that	O
the	O
LastPass	B-Operating_System
team	O
had	O
discovered	O
and	O
halted	O
suspicious	O
activity	O
on	O
their	O
network	O
the	O
previous	O
Friday	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Their	O
investigation	O
revealed	O
that	O
LastPass	B-Operating_System
account	O
email	O
addresses	O
,	O
password	O
reminders	O
,	O
server	O
per	O
user	O
salts	O
,	O
and	O
authentication	O
hashes	B-Algorithm
were	O
compromised	O
;	O
however	O
,	O
encrypted	O
user	O
vault	O
data	O
had	O
not	O
been	O
affected	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
LastPass	B-Operating_System
strengthens	O
the	O
authentication	O
hash	O
with	O
a	O
random	O
salt	O
and	O
100,000	O
rounds	O
of	O
server-side	O
PBKDF2-SHA256	O
,	O
in	O
addition	O
to	O
the	O
rounds	O
performed	O
client-side	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
additional	O
strengthening	O
makes	O
it	O
difficult	O
to	O
attack	O
the	O
stolen	O
hashes	B-Algorithm
with	O
any	O
significant	O
speed.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
July	O
2016	O
,	O
a	O
blog	O
post	O
published	O
by	O
independent	O
online	O
security	O
firm	O
Detectify	O
detailed	O
a	O
method	O
for	O
reading	O
plaintext	O
passwords	O
for	O
arbitrary	O
domains	O
from	O
a	O
LastPass	B-Operating_System
user	O
's	O
vault	O
when	O
that	O
user	O
visited	O
a	O
malicious	O
web	O
site	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
vulnerability	O
was	O
made	O
possible	O
by	O
poorly	O
written	O
URL	O
parsing	O
code	O
in	O
the	O
LastPass	B-Operating_System
extension	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
flaw	O
was	O
not	O
disclosed	O
publicly	O
by	O
Detectify	O
until	O
LastPass	B-Operating_System
was	O
notified	O
privately	O
and	O
able	O
to	O
fix	O
their	O
browser	B-Protocol
extension	I-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
LastPass	B-Operating_System
responded	O
to	O
the	O
public	O
disclosure	O
by	O
Detectify	O
in	O
a	O
post	O
on	O
their	O
own	O
blog	O
,	O
in	O
which	O
they	O
revealed	O
knowledge	O
of	O
an	O
additional	O
vulnerability	O
,	O
discovered	O
by	O
a	O
member	O
of	O
the	O
Google	O
Security	O
Team	O
,	O
and	O
already	O
fixed	O
by	O
LastPass	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
March	O
20	O
,	O
Tavis	O
Ormandy	O
discovered	O
a	O
vulnerability	O
in	O
the	O
LastPass	B-Operating_System
Chrome	B-Application
extension	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
exploit	O
applied	O
to	O
all	O
LastPass	B-Operating_System
clients	O
,	O
including	O
Chrome	B-Application
,	O
Firefox	B-Application
and	O
Edge	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
Friday	O
,	O
August	O
30	O
,	O
2019	O
,	O
Tavis	O
Ormandy	O
reported	O
a	O
vulnerability	O
in	O
the	O
LastPass	B-Operating_System
browser	B-Protocol
extension	I-Protocol
in	O
which	O
Web	O
sites	O
with	O
malicious	O
JavaScript	B-Language
code	O
could	O
obtain	O
a	O
username	O
and	O
password	O
inserted	O
by	O
the	O
password	O
manager	O
on	O
the	O
previously	O
visited	O
site	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
September	O
13	O
,	O
2019	O
,	O
LastPass	B-Operating_System
publicly	O
announced	O
the	O
vulnerability	O
,	O
acknowledging	O
the	O
issue	O
was	O
limited	O
to	O
the	O
Google	B-Application
Chrome	I-Application
and	O
Opera	B-Application
extensions	O
only	O
;	O
nonetheless	O
,	O
all	O
platforms	O
received	O
the	O
vulnerability	O
patch	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
April	O
6	O
,	O
2020	O
,	O
a	O
vulnerability	O
was	O
found	O
,	O
concerning	O
the	O
storage	O
of	O
the	O
master	O
password	O
within	O
the	O
web	O
extension	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
LastPass	B-Operating_System
did	O
not	O
use	O
the	O
Windows	O
Data	O
Protection	O
API	O
,	O
but	O
stored	O
the	O
master	O
password	O
in	O
a	O
local	O
file	O
when	O
the	O
"	O
Remember	O
password	O
"	O
option	O
is	O
activated	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2021	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
discovered	O
that	O
the	O
Android	B-Application
app	O
contained	O
third-party	O
trackers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Also	O
,	O
at	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
2021	O
,	O
an	O
article	O
at	O
the	O
site	O
BleepingComputer	O
reported	O
that	O
LastPass	B-Operating_System
users	O
were	O
warned	O
that	O
their	O
master	O
passwords	O
were	O
compromised	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
LastPass	B-Operating_System
revealed	O
this	O
through	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
blog	O
posts	O
and	O
reports	O
from	O
August	O
25	O
,	O
2022	O
,	O
and	O
by	O
notifying	O
customers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
November	O
2022	O
,	O
LastPass	B-Operating_System
assured	O
users	O
that	O
passwords	O
stored	O
with	O
the	O
service	O
were	O
still	O
secure	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
LastPass	B-Operating_System
offered	O
more	O
comprehensive	O
advice	O
to	O
individual	O
customers	O
and	O
business	O
users	O
in	O
March	O
2023	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
LastPass	B-Operating_System
responded	O
by	O
re-building	O
their	O
development	O
environment	O
and	O
rotating	O
certificates	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
LastPass	B-Operating_System
's	O
December	O
report	O
suggested	O
that	O
,	O
if	O
customers	O
had	O
selected	O
a	O
strong	O
master	O
password	O
and	O
elected	O
,	O
under	O
the	O
account	O
's	O
advanced	O
settings	O
,	O
to	O
uses	O
the	O
many	O
thousands	O
of	O
rounds	O
of	O
PBKDF2-HMAC-SHA-256	O
encryption	O
(	O
600,000	O
iterations	O
recommended	O
by	O
OWASP	O
,	O
as	O
of	O
2023	O
)	O
,	O
it	O
would	O
take	O
millions	O
of	O
years	O
to	O
decrypt	O
the	O
passwords	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
new	O
customers	O
prior	O
to	O
June	O
2012	O
had	O
by	O
default	O
a	O
single	O
PBKDF2-HMAC-SHA-256	O
hash	O
applied	O
to	O
their	O
master	O
password	O
,	O
with	O
site	O
usernames	O
and	O
passwords	O
encrypted	O
with	O
the	O
weak	O
AES-ECB	O
cipher	O
mode	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
February	O
2018	O
the	O
default	O
for	O
new	O
customers	O
was	O
100,100	O
iterations	O
,	O
a	O
minimum	O
master	O
password	O
length	O
of	O
12	O
characters	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
stronger	O
AES-CBC	O
cipher	O
mode	O
employed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Initially	O
,	O
LastPass	B-Operating_System
stated	O
no	O
action	O
was	O
necessary	O
for	O
the	O
majority	O
of	O
its	O
customers	O
,	O
but	O
other	O
sources	O
recommended	O
changing	O
all	O
passwords	O
and	O
vigilance	O
against	O
possible	O
phishing	O
attacks	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
sources	O
criticized	O
LastPass	B-Operating_System
's	O
response	O
,	O
and	O
raised	O
additional	O
concerns	O
over	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
rounds	O
of	O
encryption	O
that	O
were	O
required	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
class-action	O
lawsuit	O
was	O
initiated	O
in	O
early	O
2023	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
anonymous	O
plaintiff	O
stating	O
that	O
LastPass	B-Operating_System
failed	O
to	O
keep	O
users	O
 '	O
information	O
safe	O
.	O
</s>
