<s>
Language	B-Language
interoperability	I-Language
is	O
the	O
capability	O
of	O
two	O
different	O
programming	O
languages	O
to	O
natively	O
interact	O
as	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
same	O
system	O
and	O
operate	O
on	O
the	O
same	O
kind	O
of	O
data	O
structures	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
HTML	B-Language
,	O
CSS	B-Language
,	O
and	O
JavaScript	B-Language
are	O
interoperable	O
as	O
they	O
are	O
used	O
in	O
tandem	O
in	O
webpages	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
object	B-Language
oriented	I-Language
languages	I-Language
are	O
interoperable	O
thanks	O
to	O
their	O
shared	O
hosting	O
virtual	B-Architecture
machine	I-Architecture
(	O
e.g.	O
</s>
<s>
.NET	B-Language
CLI	I-Language
compliant	I-Language
languages	I-Language
in	O
the	O
Common	O
Language	O
Runtime	O
and	O
JVM	B-Language
compliant	I-Language
languages	I-Language
in	O
the	O
Java	B-Language
Virtual	I-Language
Machine	I-Language
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CORBA	B-Architecture
and	O
the	O
COM	B-Application
are	O
the	O
most	O
popular	O
object	O
models	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
virtual	B-Architecture
machine	I-Architecture
(	O
VM	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
specialised	O
intermediate	O
language	O
that	O
several	O
different	O
languages	O
compile	O
down	O
to	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Languages	O
that	O
use	O
the	O
same	O
virtual	B-Architecture
machine	I-Architecture
can	O
interoperate	O
,	O
as	O
they	O
will	O
share	O
a	O
memory	O
model	O
and	O
compiler	O
and	O
thus	O
libraries	O
from	O
one	O
language	O
can	O
be	O
re-used	O
for	O
others	O
on	O
the	O
same	O
VM	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Foreign	B-Application
function	I-Application
interfaces	I-Application
(	O
FFI	O
)	O
allow	O
programs	O
written	O
in	O
one	O
language	O
to	O
call	O
functions	O
written	O
in	O
another	O
language	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Foreign	B-Application
function	I-Application
interfaces	I-Application
enable	O
building	O
wrapper	B-Library
libraries	I-Library
that	O
provide	O
functionality	O
from	O
a	O
library	O
from	O
another	O
language	O
in	O
the	O
host	O
language	O
,	O
often	O
in	O
a	O
style	O
that	O
is	O
more	O
idiomatic	O
for	O
the	O
language	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Most	O
languages	O
have	O
FFIs	O
to	O
C	B-Language
,	O
which	O
is	O
the	O
"	O
lingua	O
franca	O
"	O
of	O
programming	O
today	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Object	B-Language
oriented	I-Language
languages	I-Language
attempt	O
to	O
pair	O
containers	O
of	O
data	O
with	O
code	O
,	O
but	O
how	O
each	O
language	O
chooses	O
how	O
to	O
do	O
that	O
may	O
be	O
slightly	O
different	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
example	O
:	O
C++	O
programs	O
,	O
which	O
normally	O
use	O
manual	O
de-allocation	O
,	O
could	O
interoperate	O
with	O
a	O
Java	O
style	O
garbage	O
collector	O
by	O
changing	O
de-allocation	O
behavior	O
to	O
delete	O
the	O
object	O
,	O
but	O
not	O
reclaim	O
the	O
memory	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Languages	O
like	O
Haskell	B-Language
have	O
no	O
mutable	O
types	O
,	O
whereas	O
C++	O
does	O
not	O
provide	O
such	O
rigorous	O
guarantees	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Many	O
functional	O
types	O
when	O
bridged	O
to	O
object	B-Language
oriented	I-Language
languages	I-Language
can	O
not	O
guarantee	O
that	O
the	O
underlying	O
objects	O
wo	O
n't	O
be	O
modified	O
.	O
</s>
