<s>
In	O
programming	B-General_Concept
and	O
software	O
design	O
,	O
binding	O
is	O
an	O
application	B-Application
programming	I-Application
interface	I-Application
(	O
API	B-Application
)	O
that	O
provides	O
glue	B-General_Concept
code	I-General_Concept
specifically	O
made	O
to	O
allow	O
a	O
programming	B-General_Concept
language	O
to	O
use	O
a	O
foreign	O
library	B-Library
or	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
service	O
(	O
one	O
that	O
is	O
not	O
native	O
to	O
that	O
language	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
context	O
of	O
software	B-Library
libraries	I-Library
,	O
bindings	O
are	O
wrapper	B-Library
libraries	I-Library
that	O
bridge	O
two	O
programming	B-General_Concept
languages	O
,	O
so	O
that	O
a	O
library	B-Library
written	O
for	O
one	O
language	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
in	O
another	O
language	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Many	O
software	B-Library
libraries	I-Library
are	O
written	O
in	O
system	B-Language
programming	I-Language
languages	I-Language
such	O
as	O
C	B-Language
or	O
C++	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
To	O
use	O
such	O
libraries	O
from	O
another	O
language	O
,	O
usually	O
of	O
higher-level	B-Language
,	O
such	O
as	O
Java	B-Language
,	O
Common	B-Language
Lisp	I-Language
,	O
Scheme	B-Language
,	O
Python	B-Language
,	O
or	O
Lua	B-Language
,	O
a	O
binding	O
to	O
the	O
library	B-Library
must	O
be	O
created	O
in	O
that	O
language	O
,	O
possibly	O
requiring	O
recompiling	B-Language
the	O
language	O
's	O
code	O
,	O
depending	O
on	O
the	O
amount	O
of	O
modification	O
needed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
most	O
languages	O
offer	O
a	O
foreign	B-Application
function	I-Application
interface	I-Application
,	O
such	O
as	O
Python	B-Language
's	O
and	O
OCaml	B-Language
's	O
ctypes	B-Application
,	O
and	O
Embeddable	B-Language
Common	I-Language
Lisp	I-Language
's	O
cffi	O
and	O
uffi	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
example	O
,	O
Python	B-Language
bindings	O
are	O
used	O
when	O
an	O
extant	O
C	B-Language
library	B-Library
,	O
written	O
for	O
some	O
purpose	O
,	O
is	O
to	O
be	O
used	O
from	O
Python	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Another	O
example	O
is	O
libsvn	B-Application
which	O
is	O
written	O
in	O
C	B-Language
to	O
provide	O
an	O
API	B-Application
to	O
access	O
the	O
Subversion	B-Application
software	I-Application
repository	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
To	O
access	O
Subversion	B-Application
from	O
within	O
Java	B-Language
code	I-Language
,	O
libsvnjavahl	B-Application
can	O
be	O
used	O
,	O
which	O
depends	O
on	O
libsvn	B-Application
being	O
installed	O
and	O
acts	O
as	O
a	O
bridge	O
between	O
the	O
language	O
Java	B-Language
and	O
libsvn	B-Application
,	O
thus	O
providing	O
an	O
API	B-Application
that	O
invokes	O
functions	O
from	O
libsvn	B-Application
to	O
do	O
the	O
work	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Major	O
motives	O
to	O
create	O
library	B-Library
bindings	O
include	O
software	O
reuse	O
,	O
to	O
reduce	O
reimplementing	O
a	O
library	B-Library
in	O
several	O
languages	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
difficulty	O
of	O
implementing	O
some	O
algorithms	O
efficiently	O
in	O
some	O
high-level	B-Language
languages	I-Language
.	O
</s>
