<s>
Land	B-Application
Warrior	I-Application
was	O
a	O
United	O
States	O
Army	O
program	O
,	O
launched	O
in	O
1994	O
,	O
cancelled	O
in	O
2007	O
but	O
restarted	O
in	O
2008	O
,	O
that	O
used	O
a	O
combination	O
of	O
commercial	O
,	O
off-the-shelf	O
technology	O
(	O
COTS	O
)	O
and	O
current-issue	O
military	O
gear	O
and	O
equipment	O
designed	O
to	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
integrate	O
small	B-Application
arms	I-Application
with	O
high-tech	O
equipment	O
;	O
</s>
<s>
provide	O
communications	O
and	O
command	O
and	O
control	O
at	O
the	O
infantry	B-Protocol
soldier	O
level	O
;	O
</s>
<s>
look	O
at	O
the	O
individual	O
infantry	B-Protocol
soldier	O
as	O
a	O
complete	O
unit	O
rather	O
than	O
as	O
a	O
segment	O
of	O
a	O
larger	O
force	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
While	O
technology	O
had	O
long	O
been	O
a	O
primary	O
focus	O
of	O
the	O
U.S.	O
Armed	O
Forces	O
,	O
very	O
little	O
of	O
it	O
had	O
actually	O
been	O
adopted	O
by	O
the	O
U.S.	O
Army	O
infantry	B-Protocol
soldier	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
With	O
growing	O
concerns	O
of	O
urban	O
warfare	O
and	O
dismounted	O
infantry	B-Protocol
actions	O
,	O
the	O
U.S.	O
Army	O
recognized	O
the	O
need	O
to	O
upgrade	O
an	O
individual	O
infantryman	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Land	B-Application
Warrior	I-Application
program	O
drew	O
upon	O
many	O
wearable	B-Operating_System
computer	I-Operating_System
concepts	O
,	O
and	O
maximized	O
existing	O
technologies	O
to	O
correct	O
most	O
infantry	B-Protocol
soldier	O
limitations	O
in	O
the	O
short	O
term	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Due	O
to	O
limited	O
resources	O
,	O
and	O
issues	O
with	O
the	O
overall	O
weight	O
of	O
the	O
system	O
,	O
Land	B-Application
Warrior	I-Application
was	O
cancelled	O
by	O
the	O
Army	O
in	O
February	O
2007	O
,	O
but	O
restarted	O
in	O
July	O
2007	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Despite	O
the	O
initial	O
system	O
's	O
cancellation	O
the	O
4th	O
Stryker	O
Brigade	O
Combat	O
Team	O
(	O
SBCT	O
)	O
was	O
deployed	O
to	O
Iraq	O
as	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
spring	O
2007	O
"	O
surge	O
"	O
of	O
U.S.	O
forces	O
,	O
and	O
used	O
the	O
Land	B-Application
Warrior	I-Application
,	O
on	O
which	O
they	O
had	O
trained	O
for	O
the	O
previous	O
few	O
years	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
systems	O
and	O
technology	O
of	O
the	O
Land	B-Application
Warrior	I-Application
program	O
were	O
to	O
be	O
rolled	O
into	O
the	O
Future	O
Force	O
Warrior	O
program	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
Army	O
has	O
developed	O
the	O
Nett	O
Warrior	O
system	O
to	O
supersede	O
Land	B-Application
Warrior	I-Application
as	O
its	O
next	O
soldier	O
network	O
program	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Internationally	O
,	O
there	O
are	O
several	O
similar	O
development	O
programs	O
,	O
these	O
include	O
IdZ	O
(	O
Germany	O
)	O
,	O
FIST	O
(	O
UK	O
)	O
,	O
Félin	O
(	O
France	O
)	O
,	O
Land	O
125	O
(	O
Australia	O
)	O
,	O
MARKUS	O
(	O
Sweden	O
)	O
,	O
Soldato	O
Futuro	O
(	O
Italy	O
)	O
,	O
IMESS	O
(	O
Switzerland	B-Protocol
)	O
,	O
Projekt	O
TYTAN	O
(	O
Poland	O
)	O
,	O
FINSAS	O
(	O
India	O
)	O
and	O
ACMS	O
(	O
Singapore	O
)	O
,	O
Ratnik	O
(	O
Russia	O
)	O
,	O
SARV	O
(	O
Iran	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
original	O
Land	B-Application
Warrior	I-Application
program	O
,	O
under	O
a	O
different	O
name	O
,	O
was	O
undertaken	O
by	O
General	O
Electric	O
in	O
Moorestown	O
,	O
New	O
Jersey	O
in	O
approximately	O
1989	O
,	O
as	O
a	O
prototype	O
having	O
intent	O
to	O
eventually	O
reduce	O
size	O
and	O
weight	O
in	O
future	O
phases	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Then	O
in	O
the	O
mid-1990s	O
,	O
the	O
name	O
Land	B-Application
Warrior	I-Application
was	O
adopted	O
and	O
the	O
program	O
was	O
handled	O
by	O
a	O
division	O
of	O
Hughes	O
Aerospace	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
subsequently	O
acquired	O
by	O
Raytheon	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
(	O
The	O
soldier	O
radio	O
component	O
of	O
Land	B-Application
Warrior	I-Application
was	O
to	O
be	O
supplied	O
by	O
the	O
Integrated	O
Information	O
Systems	O
division	O
of	O
Motorola	O
.	O
)	O
</s>
<s>
Early	O
demonstration	O
versions	O
of	O
the	O
LW	O
system	O
used	O
software	O
written	O
in	O
the	O
Ada	B-Language
programming	I-Language
language	I-Language
running	O
on	O
a	O
Unix	B-Application
platform	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
intensive	O
redesign	O
of	O
the	O
system	O
ensued	O
,	O
and	O
both	O
the	O
embedded	O
firmware	B-Application
and	O
the	O
application	O
software	O
were	O
rewritten	O
from	O
scratch	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Approximately	O
100	O
proof-of-concept	O
Land	B-Application
Warrior	I-Application
units	O
were	O
built	O
and	O
successfully	O
demonstrated	O
in	O
September	O
2000	O
by	O
a	O
U.S.	O
Army	O
platoon	O
that	O
was	O
air-dropped	O
into	O
a	O
large	O
war-fighting	O
exercise	O
at	O
Fort	O
Polk	O
,	O
Louisiana	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
initial	O
prototype	O
units	O
,	O
designated	O
Land	B-Application
Warrior	I-Application
v0.6	O
,	O
were	O
built	O
around	O
a	O
PC/104	B-Device
computer	O
platform	O
running	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Windows	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
system	O
used	O
the	O
CAN-bus	B-Protocol
protocol	O
on	O
the	O
wired	O
PAN	O
(	O
personal	B-General_Concept
area	I-General_Concept
network	I-General_Concept
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
communications	O
subsystem	O
was	O
built	O
using	O
Windows	B-Operating_System
CE	I-Operating_System
running	O
on	O
a	O
StrongARM	B-Device
platform	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
wireless	O
network	O
protocol	O
was	O
IEEE	O
802.11	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
"	O
Land	B-Application
Warrior	I-Application
Consortium	O
"	O
was	O
formed	O
by	O
several	O
of	O
the	O
contracting	O
firms	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
goal	O
of	O
designing	O
and	O
building	O
the	O
first	O
field-able	O
LW	O
system	O
,	O
designated	O
LW	O
v1.0	O
,	O
later	O
LW-IC	O
(	O
Land	B-Application
Warrior	I-Application
–	O
Initial	O
Capability	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
basic	O
Windows	O
and	O
WinCE	B-Operating_System
platforms	O
were	O
retained	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
new	O
hybrid	O
PAN	O
was	O
designed	O
,	O
which	O
drew	O
upon	O
both	O
USB	B-Protocol
and	O
FireWire	B-Protocol
protocols	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
modified	O
version	O
of	O
the	O
IEEE	O
802.11	O
protocol	O
was	O
adopted	O
,	O
which	O
added	O
various	O
enhancements	O
for	O
COMSEC	O
and	O
information	O
security	O
,	O
mobile	B-Protocol
ad	I-Protocol
hoc	I-Protocol
network	I-Protocol
(	O
MANET	O
)	O
capabilities	O
,	O
and	O
support	O
for	O
multi-hop	O
packet	O
routing	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2003	O
,	O
a	O
variant	O
of	O
the	O
LW-IC	O
system	O
was	O
developed	O
to	O
incorporate	O
features	O
of	O
the	O
CombatID	O
System	O
(	O
CIDS	O
)	O
–	O
a	O
form	O
of	O
IFF	O
(	O
identification	B-Device
friend	I-Device
or	I-Device
foe	I-Device
)	O
that	O
is	O
designed	O
to	O
reduce	O
the	O
potential	O
for	O
friendly	O
fire	O
incidents	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
the	O
Land	B-Application
Warrior	I-Application
program	O
matured	O
,	O
it	O
became	O
clear	O
that	O
its	O
successful	O
deployment	O
would	O
hinge	O
significantly	O
upon	O
the	O
key	O
factor	O
of	O
batteries	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
contract	O
for	O
development	O
of	O
the	O
Land	B-Application
Warrior	I-Application
–	O
Stryker	O
Interoperable	O
(	O
LW-SI	O
)	O
version	O
of	O
the	O
system	O
was	O
awarded	O
in	O
2003	O
to	O
an	O
industry	O
team	O
that	O
was	O
led	O
by	O
General	O
Dynamics	O
and	O
included	O
most	O
of	O
the	O
existing	O
Land	B-Application
Warrior	I-Application
Consortium	O
companies	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Land	B-Application
Warrior	I-Application
Consortium	O
was	O
formally	O
disbanded	O
and	O
work	O
got	O
under	O
way	O
on	O
the	O
newly	O
focused	O
LW-SI	O
program	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
September	O
2006	O
,	O
the	O
4th	O
Battalion	O
,	O
9th	O
Infantry	B-Protocol
Regiment	O
trained	O
with	O
and	O
evaluated	O
the	O
LW-SI	O
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
funding	O
for	O
further	O
system	O
development	O
under	O
the	O
Land	B-Application
Warrior	I-Application
program	O
was	O
suspended	O
in	O
February	O
2007	O
,	O
although	O
the	O
4	O
–	O
9	O
Infantry	B-Protocol
was	O
deployed	O
to	O
Iraq	O
and	O
used	O
the	O
LW-SI	O
system	O
extensively	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Land	B-Application
Warrior	I-Application
program	O
was	O
then	O
re-instated	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Land	B-Application
Warrior	I-Application
has	O
three	O
priority	O
objectives	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Land	B-Application
Warrior	I-Application
has	O
seven	O
main	O
subsystems	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Later	O
features	O
of	O
the	O
Land	B-Application
Warrior	I-Application
system	I-Application
included	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Helmet	O
Subsystem	O
(	O
HSS	O
)	O
combined	O
a	O
lightweight	O
advanced	O
helmet	O
with	O
a	O
computer	O
and	O
OLED	B-Device
display	I-Device
that	O
provided	O
various	O
information	O
from	O
digital	O
maps	O
and	O
troop	O
locations	O
down	O
to	O
his	O
weapon-mounted	O
video	O
camera	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Interceptor	O
Body	O
Armor	O
system	O
and	O
Modular	O
Lightweight	O
Load-carrying	O
Equipment	O
(	O
MOLLE	O
)	O
load-bearing	O
system	O
currently	O
in	O
service	O
with	O
the	O
U.S.	O
Army	O
today	O
are	O
partially	O
a	O
result	O
of	O
the	O
Land	B-Application
Warrior	I-Application
program	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
CSS	O
is	O
based	O
around	O
an	O
ARM	B-Architecture
core	O
processor	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Prior	O
to	O
the	O
project	O
's	O
cancellation	O
(	O
when	O
project	O
funds	O
were	O
moved	O
to	O
Hurricane	O
Katrina	O
relief	O
)	O
the	O
computer	O
used	O
was	O
Techsol	O
's	O
Ethernet	O
Audio	O
Interface	O
board	O
,	O
powered	O
by	O
an	O
s3c2410a	O
processor	O
from	O
Samsung	O
Semiconductor	O
,	O
featuring	O
an	O
ARM-920T	O
core	O
running	O
at	O
up	O
to	O
200MHz	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
With	O
a	O
wide-voltage-range	O
input	O
power-supply	O
,	O
the	O
entire	O
wearable	B-Operating_System
computer	I-Operating_System
board	O
was	O
2/3	O
the	O
size	O
of	O
a	O
business	O
card	O
(	O
see	O
photo	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Future	O
versions	O
were	O
powered	O
by	O
an	O
XScale	B-Application
processor	O
from	O
Intel	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Communication	O
Network	O
Radio	O
Subsystem	O
(	O
CNRS	O
)	O
provided	O
communications	O
capabilities	O
for	O
the	O
Land	B-Application
Warrior	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Land	B-Application
Warrior	I-Application
's	O
software	O
system	O
was	O
powered	O
by	O
a	O
variant	O
of	O
the	O
Linux	B-Application
operating	I-Application
system	I-Application
and	O
has	O
a	O
modular	O
,	O
open	O
architecture	O
for	O
further	O
improvement	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Land	B-Application
Warrior	I-Application
software	O
suite	O
contains	O
six	O
main	O
software	O
packages	O
for	O
weapon	O
sights	O
and	O
for	O
data	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
key	O
capability	O
of	O
the	O
Land	B-Application
Warrior	I-Application
development	O
effort	O
was	O
the	O
interoperability	O
with	O
the	O
Stryker	O
family	O
of	O
combat	O
vehicles	O
,	O
attained	O
through	O
a	O
Stryker	O
Vehicle	O
Integration	O
Kit	O
or	O
VIK	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Land	B-Application
Warriors	I-Application
mounted	O
in	O
the	O
Stryker	O
vehicle	O
were	O
to	O
be	O
provided	O
voice	O
,	O
data	O
and	O
power	O
connectivity	O
through	O
an	O
umbilical	O
connection	O
,	O
as	O
an	O
extension	O
of	O
the	O
individual	O
soldier	O
's	O
Personal	B-General_Concept
Area	I-General_Concept
Network	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
mounted	O
Land	B-Application
Warriors	I-Application
were	O
to	O
have	O
the	O
capability	O
of	O
communicating	O
voice	O
and	O
data	O
with	O
each	O
other	O
,	O
the	O
vehicle	O
crew	O
,	O
Land	B-Application
Warriors	I-Application
external	O
to	O
the	O
vehicle	O
and	O
other	O
Land	B-Application
Warrior	I-Application
units	O
mounted	O
in	O
other	O
Stryker	O
vehicles	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Dismounted	O
Land	B-Application
Warriors	I-Application
,	O
when	O
within	O
communications	O
range	O
of	O
their	O
Stryker	O
vehicle	O
,	O
were	O
to	O
have	O
the	O
same	O
voice	O
connectivity	O
and	O
Army	O
Battle	O
Command	O
System	O
interoperability	O
as	O
the	O
mounted	O
Land	B-Application
Warrior	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
also	O
demonstrated	O
Land	B-Application
Warrior	I-Application
soldier	O
voice	O
connectivity	O
with	O
the	O
Stryker	O
crew-members	O
in	O
and	O
around	O
the	O
vehicle	O
through	O
the	O
Vehicle	O
Intercom	O
System	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
were	O
plans	O
to	O
integrate	O
the	O
Boomerang	O
Mobile	O
Shooter	O
Detection	O
System	O
onto	O
the	O
Stryker	O
vehicle	O
as	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
Land	B-Application
Warrior	I-Application
system	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Land	B-Application
Warrior	I-Application
was	O
the	O
first	O
U.S.	O
Army	O
soldier	O
network	O
system	O
to	O
be	O
used	O
in	O
combat	O
since	O
the	O
networked	O
soldier	O
concept	O
began	O
in	O
1989	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
229	O
Land	B-Application
Warrior	I-Application
ensembles	O
were	O
deployed	O
by	O
the	O
4th	O
Battalion	O
,	O
9th	O
Infantry	B-Protocol
Regiment	O
to	O
Iraq	O
from	O
May	O
2007	O
to	O
June	O
2008	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
Stryker	O
Brigade	O
later	O
deployed	O
with	O
the	O
system	O
to	O
Afghanistan	O
,	O
and	O
Land	B-Application
Warrior	I-Application
remained	O
in	O
use	O
until	O
spring	O
2012	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Army	O
built	O
upon	O
Land	B-Application
Warrior	I-Application
with	O
the	O
Ground	O
Soldier	O
System	O
(	O
GSS	O
)	O
as	O
its	O
successor	O
,	O
an	O
advanced	O
dismounted	O
soldier	O
integrated	O
situational	O
awareness	O
system	O
that	O
entered	O
technology	O
development	O
in	O
February	O
2009	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
GSS	O
Increment	O
1	O
was	O
renamed	O
Nett	O
Warrior	O
in	O
June	O
2010	O
after	O
Medal	B-Application
of	I-Application
Honor	I-Application
recipient	O
Robert	O
B	O
.	O
Nett	O
(	O
although	O
the	O
term	O
"	O
Nett	O
"	O
has	O
frequently	O
been	O
misinterpreted	O
as	O
a	O
reflection	O
of	O
its	O
tactical	O
networking	O
features	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Nett	O
Warrior	O
was	O
first	O
demonstrated	O
in	O
spring	O
2011	O
,	O
which	O
then	O
was	O
essentially	O
the	O
10-pound	O
Land	B-Application
Warrior	I-Application
ensemble	O
with	O
some	O
enhanced	O
additional	O
software	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Nett	O
Warrior	O
utilizes	O
enhanced	O
smartphones	B-Application
,	O
using	O
different	O
models	O
over	O
the	O
course	O
of	O
its	O
development	O
including	O
the	O
Motorola	B-Application
Atrix	I-Application
,	O
Samsung	B-Application
Galaxy	I-Application
Note	I-Application
I	I-Application
,	O
and	O
the	O
Samsung	B-Operating_System
Galaxy	I-Operating_System
Note	I-Operating_System
2	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
