<s>
Laboratory	B-Application
informatics	I-Application
is	O
the	O
specialized	O
application	O
of	O
information	O
technology	O
aimed	O
at	O
optimizing	O
and	O
extending	O
laboratory	O
operations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
encompasses	O
data	B-Algorithm
acquisition	I-Algorithm
(	O
e.g.	O
</s>
<s>
through	O
sensors	O
and	O
hardware	O
or	O
voice	O
)	O
,	O
instrument	O
interfacing	O
,	O
laboratory	O
networking	O
,	O
data	B-General_Concept
processing	I-General_Concept
,	O
specialized	O
data	O
management	O
systems	O
(	O
such	O
as	O
a	O
chromatography	O
data	O
system	O
)	O
,	O
a	O
laboratory	B-Application
information	I-Application
management	I-Application
system	I-Application
,	O
scientific	O
data	O
management	O
(	O
including	O
data	B-Application
mining	I-Application
and	O
data	O
warehousing	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
knowledge	O
management	O
(	O
including	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
an	O
electronic	B-Protocol
lab	I-Protocol
notebook	I-Protocol
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Several	O
graduate	O
programs	O
are	O
focused	O
on	O
some	O
form	O
of	O
laboratory	B-Application
informatics	I-Application
,	O
often	O
with	O
a	O
clinical	O
emphasis	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
context	O
of	O
Public	O
Health	O
Laboratories	O
,	O
the	O
Association	O
of	O
Public	O
Health	O
Laboratories	O
has	O
identified	O
19	O
areas	O
for	O
self-assessment	O
of	O
laboratory	B-Application
informatics	I-Application
in	O
their	O
Laboratories	O
Efficiencies	O
Initiative	O
.	O
</s>
