<s>
Low-voltage	O
differential	O
signaling	O
(	O
LVDS	B-General_Concept
)	O
,	O
also	O
known	O
as	O
TIA/EIA	O
-644	O
,	O
is	O
a	O
technical	O
standard	O
that	O
specifies	O
electrical	O
characteristics	O
of	O
a	O
differential	O
,	O
serial	B-Protocol
signaling	O
standard	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
LVDS	B-General_Concept
operates	O
at	O
low	O
power	O
and	O
can	O
run	O
at	O
very	O
high	O
speeds	O
using	O
inexpensive	O
twisted-pair	O
copper	O
cables	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
LVDS	B-General_Concept
is	O
a	O
physical	O
layer	O
specification	O
only	O
;	O
many	O
data	O
communication	O
standards	O
and	O
applications	O
use	O
it	O
and	O
add	O
a	O
data	O
link	O
layer	O
as	O
defined	O
in	O
the	O
OSI	O
model	O
on	O
top	O
of	O
it	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
LVDS	B-General_Concept
was	O
introduced	O
in	O
1994	O
,	O
and	O
has	O
become	O
popular	O
in	O
products	O
such	O
as	O
LCD-TVs	O
,	O
in-car	O
entertainment	O
systems	O
,	O
industrial	O
cameras	O
and	O
machine	B-General_Concept
vision	I-General_Concept
,	O
notebook	O
and	O
tablet	O
computers	O
,	O
and	O
communications	O
systems	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
typical	O
applications	O
are	O
high-speed	O
video	O
,	O
graphics	O
,	O
video	O
camera	O
data	O
transfers	O
,	O
and	O
general	O
purpose	O
computer	B-General_Concept
buses	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Early	O
on	O
,	O
the	O
notebook	O
computer	O
and	O
LCD	O
display	O
vendors	O
commonly	O
used	O
the	O
term	O
LVDS	B-General_Concept
instead	O
of	O
FPD-Link	B-Protocol
when	O
referring	O
to	O
their	O
protocol	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
term	O
LVDS	B-General_Concept
has	O
mistakenly	O
become	O
synonymous	O
with	O
Flat	B-Protocol
Panel	I-Protocol
Display	I-Protocol
Link	I-Protocol
in	O
the	O
video-display	O
engineering	O
vocabulary	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
LVDS	B-General_Concept
is	O
a	O
differential	O
signaling	O
system	O
,	O
meaning	O
that	O
it	O
transmits	O
information	O
as	O
the	O
difference	O
between	O
the	O
voltages	O
on	O
a	O
pair	O
of	O
wires	O
;	O
the	O
two	O
wire	O
voltages	O
are	O
compared	O
at	O
the	O
receiver	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
long	O
as	O
there	O
is	O
tight	O
electric	O
-	O
and	O
magnetic-field	O
coupling	O
between	O
the	O
two	O
wires	O
,	O
LVDS	B-General_Concept
reduces	O
the	O
generation	O
of	O
electromagnetic	O
noise	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
LVDS	B-General_Concept
receiver	O
is	O
unaffected	O
by	O
common	O
mode	O
noise	O
because	O
it	O
senses	O
the	O
differential	O
voltage	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
not	O
affected	O
by	O
common	O
mode	O
voltage	O
changes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
fact	O
that	O
the	O
LVDS	B-General_Concept
transmitter	O
consumes	O
a	O
constant	O
current	O
also	O
places	O
much	O
less	O
demand	O
on	O
the	O
power	O
supply	O
decoupling	O
and	O
thus	O
produces	O
less	O
interference	O
in	O
the	O
power	O
and	O
ground	O
lines	O
of	O
the	O
transmitting	O
circuit	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
low	O
common-mode	O
voltage	O
(	O
the	O
average	O
of	O
the	O
voltages	O
on	O
the	O
two	O
wires	O
)	O
of	O
about	O
1.2V	O
allows	O
using	O
LVDS	B-General_Concept
with	O
a	O
wide	O
range	O
of	O
integrated	O
circuits	O
with	O
power	O
supply	O
voltages	O
down	O
to	O
2.5V	O
or	O
lower	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
addition	O
,	O
there	O
are	O
variations	O
of	O
LVDS	B-General_Concept
that	O
use	O
a	O
lower	O
common	O
mode	O
voltage	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
One	O
example	O
is	O
sub-LVDS	O
(	O
introduced	O
by	O
Nokia	O
in	O
2004	O
)	O
that	O
uses	O
0.9V	O
typical	O
common	O
mode	O
voltage	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
low	O
differential	O
voltage	O
,	O
about	O
350mV	O
,	O
causes	O
LVDS	B-General_Concept
to	O
consume	O
very	O
little	O
power	O
compared	O
to	O
other	O
signaling	O
technologies	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
LVDS	B-General_Concept
is	O
not	O
the	O
only	O
low-power	O
differential	O
signaling	O
system	O
in	O
use	O
,	O
others	O
include	O
the	O
Fairchild	O
Current	O
Transfer	O
Logic	O
serial	B-Protocol
I/O	I-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1994	O
,	O
National	O
Semiconductor	O
introduced	O
LVDS	B-General_Concept
,	O
which	O
later	O
became	O
a	O
de	O
facto	O
standard	O
for	O
high-speed	O
data	O
transfer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
LVDS	B-General_Concept
became	O
popular	O
in	O
the	O
mid	O
1990s	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
in	O
1992	O
Apple	O
Computer	O
needed	O
a	O
method	O
to	O
transfer	O
multiple	O
streams	O
of	O
digital	O
video	O
without	O
overloading	O
the	O
existing	O
NuBus	B-Device
on	O
the	O
backplane	B-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
Apple	O
and	O
National	O
Semiconductor	O
(	O
NSC	O
)	O
created	O
QuickRing	B-Architecture
,	O
which	O
was	O
the	O
first	O
integrated	O
circuit	O
using	O
LVDS	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
QuickRing	B-Architecture
was	O
a	O
high	O
speed	O
auxiliary	O
bus	B-General_Concept
for	O
video	O
data	O
to	O
bypass	O
the	O
NuBus	B-Device
in	O
Macintosh	O
computers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
multimedia	O
and	O
supercomputer	B-Architecture
applications	O
continued	O
to	O
expand	O
because	O
both	O
needed	O
to	O
move	O
large	O
amounts	O
of	O
data	O
over	O
links	O
several	O
meters	O
long	O
(	O
from	O
a	O
disk	B-Device
drive	I-Device
to	O
a	O
workstation	B-Device
for	O
instance	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
commercially	O
successful	O
application	O
for	O
LVDS	B-General_Concept
was	O
in	O
notebook	O
computers	O
transmitting	O
video	O
data	O
from	O
graphics	B-Architecture
processing	I-Architecture
units	I-Architecture
to	O
the	O
flat	O
panel	O
displays	O
using	O
the	O
Flat	B-Protocol
Panel	I-Protocol
Display	I-Protocol
Link	I-Protocol
by	O
National	O
Semiconductor	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
FPD-Link	B-Protocol
chipset	O
reduced	O
a	O
21-bit	O
wide	O
video	O
interface	O
plus	O
the	O
clock	O
down	O
to	O
only	O
4	O
differential	O
pairs	O
(	O
8	O
wires	O
)	O
,	O
which	O
enabled	O
it	O
to	O
easily	O
fit	O
through	O
the	O
hinge	O
between	O
the	O
display	O
and	O
the	O
notebook	O
and	O
take	O
advantage	O
of	O
LVDS	B-General_Concept
's	O
low-noise	O
characteristics	O
and	O
fast	O
data	O
rate	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
FPD-Link	B-Protocol
became	O
the	O
de	O
facto	O
open	O
standard	O
for	O
this	O
notebook	O
application	O
in	O
the	O
late	O
1990s	O
and	O
is	O
still	O
the	O
dominant	O
display	O
interface	O
today	O
in	O
notebook	O
and	O
tablet	O
computers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
is	O
the	O
reason	O
IC	O
vendors	O
such	O
as	O
Texas	O
Instruments	O
,	O
Maxim	O
,	O
Fairchild	O
,	O
and	O
Thine	O
produce	O
their	O
versions	O
of	O
the	O
FPD-Link	B-Protocol
chipset	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
applications	O
for	O
LVDS	B-General_Concept
expanded	O
to	O
flat	O
panel	O
displays	O
for	O
consumer	O
TVs	O
as	O
screen	O
resolutions	O
and	O
color	O
depths	O
increased	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
To	O
serve	O
this	O
application	O
,	O
FPD-Link	B-Protocol
chipsets	O
continued	O
to	O
increase	O
the	O
data-rate	O
and	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
parallel	O
LVDS	B-General_Concept
channels	O
to	O
meet	O
the	O
internal	O
TV	O
requirement	O
for	O
transferring	O
video	O
data	O
from	O
the	O
main	O
video	O
processor	O
to	O
the	O
display-panel	O
'	O
s	O
timing	O
controller	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
FPD-Link	B-Protocol
(	O
commonly	O
called	O
LVDS	B-General_Concept
)	O
became	O
the	O
de	O
facto	O
standard	O
for	O
this	O
internal	O
TV	O
interconnect	B-General_Concept
and	O
remains	O
the	O
dominant	O
interface	O
for	O
this	O
application	O
in	O
2012	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
NSC	O
introduced	O
higher	O
performance	O
follow-ons	O
to	O
FPD-Link	B-Protocol
called	O
the	O
LVDS	B-General_Concept
Display	O
Interface	O
(	O
LDI	O
)	O
and	O
OpenLDI	B-Protocol
standards	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
dual	B-Protocol
link	I-Protocol
can	O
boost	O
the	O
maximum	O
display	O
resolution	O
to	O
2048	O
×	O
1536	O
(	O
QXGA	O
)	O
at	O
60Hz	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
FPD-Link	B-Protocol
works	O
with	O
cable	O
lengths	O
up	O
to	O
about	O
5	O
m	O
,	O
and	O
LDI	O
extends	O
this	O
to	O
about	O
10	O
m	O
.	O
However	O
,	O
Digital	B-Protocol
Visual	I-Protocol
Interface	I-Protocol
(	O
DVI	B-Protocol
)	O
using	O
TMDS	B-Protocol
over	O
CML	B-General_Concept
signals	O
won	O
the	O
standards	O
competition	O
and	O
became	O
the	O
standard	O
for	O
externally	O
connecting	O
desktop	O
computers	O
to	O
monitors	O
,	O
and	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
eventually	O
became	O
the	O
standard	O
for	O
connecting	O
digital	O
video	O
sources	O
such	O
as	O
DVD	O
players	O
to	O
flat	O
panel	O
displays	O
in	O
consumer	O
applications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Another	O
successful	O
LVDS	B-General_Concept
application	O
is	O
Camera	B-Protocol
Link	I-Protocol
,	O
which	O
is	O
a	O
serial	B-Protocol
communication	I-Protocol
protocol	O
designed	O
for	O
computer	B-Application
vision	I-Application
applications	O
and	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
NSC	O
chipset	O
called	O
Channel	O
Link	O
that	O
uses	O
LVDS	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Camera	B-Protocol
Link	I-Protocol
standardizes	O
video	O
interfaces	O
for	O
scientific	O
and	O
industrial	O
products	O
including	O
cameras	O
,	O
cables	O
,	O
and	O
frame	O
grabbers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Automated	O
Imaging	O
Association	O
(	O
AIA	O
)	O
maintains	O
and	O
administers	O
the	O
standard	O
because	O
it	O
is	O
the	O
industry	O
's	O
global	O
machine	B-General_Concept
vision	I-General_Concept
trade	O
group	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
More	O
examples	O
of	O
LVDS	B-General_Concept
used	O
in	O
computer	B-General_Concept
buses	I-General_Concept
are	O
HyperTransport	B-Device
and	O
FireWire	B-Protocol
,	O
both	O
of	O
which	O
trace	O
their	O
development	O
back	O
to	O
the	O
post-Futurebus	O
work	O
,	O
which	O
also	O
led	O
to	O
SCI	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
addition	O
,	O
LVDS	B-General_Concept
is	O
the	O
physical	O
layer	O
signaling	O
in	O
SCSI	B-Architecture
standards	O
(	O
Ultra-2	O
SCSI	B-Architecture
and	O
later	O
)	O
to	O
allow	O
higher	O
data	O
rates	O
and	O
longer	O
cable	O
lengths	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Serial	B-Protocol
ATA	O
(	O
SATA	O
)	O
,	O
RapidIO	B-General_Concept
,	O
and	O
SpaceWire	B-Architecture
use	O
LVDS	B-General_Concept
to	O
allow	O
high	O
speed	O
data	O
transfer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Intel	O
and	O
AMD	O
published	O
a	O
press	O
release	O
in	O
December	O
2010	O
stating	O
they	O
would	O
no	O
longer	O
support	O
the	O
LVDS	B-General_Concept
LCD-panel	O
interface	O
in	O
their	O
product	O
lines	O
by	O
2013	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
They	O
are	O
promoting	O
Embedded	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
and	O
Internal	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
as	O
their	O
preferred	O
solution	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
the	O
LVDS	B-General_Concept
LCD-panel	O
interface	O
has	O
proven	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
lowest	O
cost	O
method	O
for	O
moving	O
streaming	O
video	O
from	O
a	O
video	B-Architecture
processing	I-Architecture
unit	I-Architecture
to	O
a	O
LCD-panel	O
timing	O
controller	O
within	O
a	O
TV	O
or	O
notebook	O
,	O
and	O
in	O
February	O
2018	O
LCD	O
TV	O
and	O
notebook	O
manufacturers	O
continue	O
to	O
introduce	O
new	O
products	O
using	O
the	O
LVDS	B-General_Concept
interface	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
LVDS	B-General_Concept
was	O
originally	O
introduced	O
as	O
a	O
3.3	O
V	O
standard	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Scalable	O
low	O
voltage	O
signaling	O
(	O
SLVS	O
)	O
has	O
a	O
lower	O
common-mode	O
voltage	O
of	O
200	O
mV	O
and	O
a	O
reduced	O
p-p	O
swing	O
,	O
but	O
is	O
otherwise	O
the	O
same	O
as	O
LVDS	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
LVDS	B-General_Concept
works	O
in	O
both	O
parallel	O
and	O
serial	B-Protocol
data	I-Protocol
transmission	I-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
serial	B-Protocol
communications	I-Protocol
,	O
multiple	O
single-ended	O
signals	O
are	O
serialized	O
into	O
a	O
single	O
differential	O
pair	O
with	O
a	O
data	O
rate	O
equal	O
to	O
that	O
of	O
all	O
the	O
combined	O
single-ended	O
channels	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
example	O
,	O
a	O
7-bit	O
wide	O
parallel	O
bus	B-General_Concept
serialized	O
into	O
a	O
single	O
pair	O
that	O
will	O
operate	O
at	O
7	O
times	O
the	O
data	O
rate	O
of	O
one	O
single-ended	O
channel	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
devices	O
for	O
converting	O
between	O
serial	B-Protocol
and	O
parallel	O
data	O
are	O
the	O
serializer	B-Protocol
and	O
deserializer	O
,	O
abbreviated	O
to	O
SerDes	O
when	O
the	O
two	O
devices	O
are	O
contained	O
in	O
one	O
integrated	O
circuit	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
an	O
example	O
,	O
FPD-Link	B-Protocol
actually	O
uses	O
LVDS	B-General_Concept
in	O
a	O
combination	O
of	O
serialized	O
and	O
parallel	O
communications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
original	O
FPD-Link	B-Protocol
designed	O
for	O
18-bit	O
RGB	O
video	O
has	O
3	O
parallel	O
data	O
pairs	O
and	O
a	O
clock	O
pair	O
,	O
so	O
this	O
is	O
a	O
parallel	O
communication	O
scheme	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
So	O
the	O
FPD-Link	B-Protocol
parallel	O
pairs	O
are	O
carrying	O
serialized	O
data	O
,	O
but	O
use	O
a	O
parallel	O
clock	O
to	O
recover	O
and	O
synchronize	O
the	O
data	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Serial	B-Protocol
data	O
communications	O
can	O
also	O
embed	O
the	O
clock	O
within	O
the	O
serial	B-Protocol
data	O
stream	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Another	O
method	O
is	O
8b/10b	B-Protocol
encoding	I-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
LVDS	B-General_Concept
does	O
not	O
specify	O
a	O
bit	O
encoding	O
scheme	O
because	O
it	O
is	O
a	O
physical	O
layer	O
standard	O
only	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
LVDS	B-General_Concept
accommodates	O
any	O
user-specified	O
encoding	O
scheme	O
for	O
sending	O
and	O
receiving	O
data	O
across	O
an	O
LVDS	B-General_Concept
link	O
,	O
including	O
8b/10b	B-Protocol
encoded	O
data	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
8b/10b	B-Protocol
encoding	I-Protocol
scheme	O
embeds	O
the	O
clock	O
signal	O
information	O
and	O
has	O
the	O
added	O
benefit	O
of	O
DC	O
balance	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
key	O
point	O
in	O
LVDS	B-General_Concept
is	O
the	O
physical	O
layer	O
signaling	O
to	O
transport	O
bits	O
across	O
wires	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
a	O
single	O
differential	O
pair	O
of	O
serial	B-Protocol
data	O
is	O
not	O
fast	O
enough	O
there	O
are	O
techniques	O
for	O
grouping	O
serial	B-Protocol
data	O
channels	O
in	O
parallel	O
and	O
adding	O
a	O
parallel	O
clock	O
channel	O
for	O
synchronization	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
is	O
the	O
technique	O
used	O
by	O
FPD-Link	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
Other	O
examples	O
of	O
parallel	O
LVDS	B-General_Concept
using	O
multiple	O
LVDS	B-General_Concept
pairs	O
and	O
a	O
parallel	O
clock	O
to	O
synchronize	O
are	O
Channel	O
Link	O
and	O
HyperTransport	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
is	O
also	O
the	O
technique	O
to	O
increase	O
the	O
data	O
throughput	O
by	O
grouping	O
multiple	O
LVDS-with-embedded-clock	O
data	O
channels	O
together	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
this	O
is	O
not	O
parallel	O
LVDS	B-General_Concept
because	O
there	O
is	O
no	O
parallel	O
clock	O
and	O
each	O
channel	O
has	O
its	O
own	O
clock	O
information	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
example	O
of	O
this	O
technique	O
is	O
PCI	O
Express	O
where	O
2	O
,	O
4	O
,	O
or	O
8	O
8b/10b	B-Protocol
encoded	O
serial	B-Protocol
channels	O
carry	O
application	O
data	O
from	O
source	O
to	O
destination	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
this	O
case	O
the	O
destination	O
must	O
employ	O
a	O
data	O
synchronization	O
method	O
to	O
align	O
the	O
multiple	O
serial	B-Protocol
data	O
channels	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
original	O
LVDS	B-General_Concept
standard	O
only	O
envisioned	O
driving	O
a	O
digital	O
signal	O
from	O
one	O
transmitter	O
to	O
one	O
receiver	O
in	O
a	O
point-to-point	O
topology	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
engineers	O
using	O
the	O
first	O
LVDS	B-General_Concept
products	O
soon	O
wanted	O
to	O
drive	O
multiple	O
receivers	O
with	O
a	O
single	O
transmitter	O
in	O
a	O
multipoint	O
topology	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
a	O
result	O
,	O
NSC	O
invented	O
Bus	B-General_Concept
LVDS	B-General_Concept
(	O
BLVDS	O
)	O
as	O
the	O
first	O
variation	O
of	O
LVDS	B-General_Concept
designed	O
to	O
drive	O
multiple	O
LVDS	B-General_Concept
receivers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Double	O
termination	O
is	O
necessary	O
because	O
it	O
is	O
possible	O
to	O
have	O
one	O
or	O
more	O
transmitters	O
in	O
the	O
center	O
of	O
the	O
bus	B-General_Concept
driving	O
signals	O
toward	O
receivers	O
in	O
both	O
directions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
difference	O
from	O
standard	O
LVDS	B-General_Concept
transmitters	O
was	O
increasing	O
the	O
current	O
output	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
drive	O
the	O
multiple	O
termination	O
resistors	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
addition	O
,	O
the	O
transmitters	O
need	O
to	O
tolerate	O
the	O
possibility	O
of	O
other	O
transmitters	O
simultaneously	O
driving	O
the	O
same	O
bus	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Point-to-point	O
LVDS	B-General_Concept
typically	O
operates	O
at	O
3.5	O
mA	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Multi-point	O
LVDS	B-General_Concept
or	O
bus	B-General_Concept
LVDS	B-General_Concept
(	O
B-LVDS	O
)	O
can	O
operate	O
up	O
to	O
12	O
mA	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Bus	B-General_Concept
LVDS	B-General_Concept
and	O
LVDM	O
(	O
Low-Voltage	O
Differential	O
Multipoint	O
)	O
(	O
by	O
TI	O
)	O
are	O
de	O
facto	O
multipoint	O
LVDS	B-General_Concept
standards	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Multipoint	O
LVDS	B-General_Concept
(	O
MLVDS	O
)	O
is	O
the	O
TIA	O
standard	O
(	O
TIA-899	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
AdvancedTCA	O
standard	O
specified	O
MLVDS	O
for	O
clock	O
distribution	O
across	O
the	O
backplane	B-Architecture
to	O
each	O
of	O
the	O
computing	O
module	O
boards	O
in	O
the	O
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Type-1	O
is	O
compatible	O
with	O
LVDS	B-General_Concept
and	O
uses	O
a	O
+	O
/	O
−	O
50	O
mV	O
threshold	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Type-2	O
receivers	O
allow	O
Wired-Or	O
signaling	O
with	O
M-LVDS	O
devices	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
M-LVDS	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
present	O
form	O
of	O
LVDS	B-General_Concept
was	O
preceded	O
by	O
an	O
earlier	O
standard	O
initiated	O
in	O
Scalable	B-General_Concept
Coherent	I-General_Concept
Interface	I-General_Concept
(	O
SCI	B-General_Concept
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
SCI-LVDS	O
was	O
a	O
subset	O
of	O
the	O
SCI	B-General_Concept
family	O
of	O
standards	O
and	O
specified	O
in	O
the	O
IEEE	O
1596.3	O
1995	O
standard	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
SCI	B-General_Concept
committee	O
designed	O
LVDS	B-General_Concept
for	O
interconnecting	O
multiprocessing	B-Operating_System
systems	O
with	O
a	O
high-speed	O
low-power	O
interface	O
to	O
replace	O
positive	O
emitter-coupled	B-General_Concept
logic	I-General_Concept
(	O
PECL	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
ANSI/TIA/EIA	O
-644-A	O
(	O
published	O
in	O
2001	O
)	O
standard	O
defines	O
LVDS	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Today	O
,	O
technologies	O
for	O
broadband	O
digital	O
video	O
signal	O
transmission	O
such	O
as	O
LVDS	B-General_Concept
are	O
also	O
used	O
in	O
vehicles	O
,	O
in	O
which	O
the	O
signal	O
transmitted	O
as	O
a	O
differential	O
signal	O
helps	O
for	O
EMC	O
reasons	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Serial	B-Protocol
video	O
transmission	O
technologies	O
are	O
widely	O
used	O
in	O
the	O
automobile	O
for	O
linking	O
cameras	O
,	O
displays	O
,	O
and	O
control	O
devices	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Serial	B-Protocol
communication	I-Protocol
protocols	O
now	O
allow	O
the	O
transfer	O
of	O
data	O
rates	O
in	O
the	O
range	O
of	O
3	O
to	O
4	O
Gbit/s	O
and	O
thus	O
the	O
control	O
of	O
displays	O
with	O
up	O
to	O
full	O
HD	O
resolution	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
integration	O
of	O
the	O
serializer	B-Protocol
and	O
deserializer	O
components	O
in	O
the	O
control	O
unit	O
due	O
to	O
low	O
demands	O
on	O
additional	O
hardware	O
and	O
software	O
simple	O
and	O
inexpensive	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
contrast	O
,	O
require	O
bus	B-General_Concept
solutions	O
for	O
video	O
transmission	O
connection	O
to	O
a	O
corresponding	O
network	O
controller	O
and	O
,	O
if	O
necessary	O
resources	O
for	O
data	O
compression	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
for	O
many	O
applications	O
a	O
full	O
function	O
network	O
is	O
not	O
required	O
throughout	O
the	O
video	O
architecture	O
and	O
for	O
some	O
compounds	O
,	O
data	O
compression	O
is	O
not	O
feasible	O
due	O
to	O
image	O
quality	O
loss	O
and	O
additional	O
latency	O
,	O
bus-oriented	O
video	O
transmission	O
technologies	O
are	O
currently	O
only	O
partially	O
attractive	O
.	O
</s>
