<s>
The	O
term	O
Listserv	B-Protocol
(	O
styled	O
by	O
the	O
registered	O
trademark	O
licensee	O
,	O
L-Soft	B-Protocol
International	O
,	O
Inc.	O
,	O
as	O
LISTSERV	B-Protocol
)	O
has	O
been	O
used	O
to	O
refer	O
to	O
electronic	O
mailing	O
list	O
software	O
applications	O
in	O
general	O
,	O
but	O
is	O
more	O
properly	O
applied	O
to	O
a	O
few	O
early	O
instances	O
of	O
such	O
software	O
,	O
which	O
allows	O
a	O
sender	O
to	O
send	O
one	O
email	O
to	O
a	O
list	O
,	O
which	O
then	O
transparently	O
sends	O
it	O
on	O
to	O
the	O
addresses	O
of	O
the	O
subscribers	O
to	O
the	O
list	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
original	O
Listserv	B-Protocol
software	O
,	O
the	O
Bitnic	O
Listserv	B-Protocol
(	O
also	O
known	O
as	O
BITNIC	O
LISTSERV	B-Protocol
)	O
(	O
1984	O
–	O
1986	O
)	O
,	O
allowed	O
mailing	O
lists	O
to	O
be	O
implemented	O
on	O
IBM	O
VM	O
mainframes	B-Architecture
and	O
was	O
developed	O
by	O
Ira	O
Fuchs	O
,	O
Daniel	O
Oberst	O
,	O
and	O
Ricky	O
Hernandez	O
in	O
1984	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
mailing	O
list	O
service	O
was	O
known	O
as	O
Listserv	B-Protocol
@Bitnic	O
(	O
also	O
known	O
as	O
LISTSERV	B-Protocol
@BITNIC	O
)	O
and	O
quickly	O
became	O
a	O
key	O
service	O
on	O
the	O
BITNET	B-General_Concept
network	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
provided	O
functionality	O
similar	O
to	O
a	O
UNIX	O
Sendmail	B-Application
alias	O
and	O
,	O
as	O
with	O
Sendmail	B-Application
,	O
subscriptions	O
were	O
managed	O
manually	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1986	O
,	O
Éric	O
Thomas	O
developed	O
an	O
independent	O
application	O
,	O
originally	O
named	O
"	O
Revised	O
Listserv	B-Protocol
"	O
(	O
also	O
known	O
as	O
"	O
Revised	O
LISTSERV	B-Protocol
"	O
)	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
the	O
first	O
automated	O
mailing	O
list	O
management	O
application	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Prior	O
to	O
Revised	O
Listserv	B-Protocol
,	O
email	O
lists	O
were	O
managed	O
manually	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
1987	O
,	O
the	O
users	O
of	O
the	O
Bitnic	O
Listserv	B-Protocol
had	O
migrated	O
to	O
Thomas	O
 '	O
version	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Listserv	B-Protocol
was	O
freeware	O
from	O
1986	O
through	O
1993	O
and	O
is	O
now	O
a	O
commercial	O
product	O
developed	O
by	O
L-Soft	B-Protocol
,	O
a	O
company	O
founded	O
by	O
Thomas	O
in	O
1994	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Several	O
other	O
list-management	O
tools	O
were	O
subsequently	O
developed	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
Lyris	O
ListManager	O
in	O
1997	O
(	O
now	O
Aurea	O
Email	O
Marketing	O
)	O
,	O
Sympa	B-Language
in	O
1997	O
,	O
GNU	B-Application
Mailman	I-Application
in	O
1998	O
,	O
and	O
Gaggle	O
in	O
2015	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Whilst	O
a	O
student	O
at	O
École	O
Centrale	O
Paris	O
,	O
he	O
developed	O
the	O
software	O
now	O
known	O
as	O
LISTSERV	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
Amongst	O
other	O
innovations	O
LISTSERV	B-Protocol
introduced	O
double	O
opt-in	O
in	O
1993	O
and	O
the	O
first	O
spam	O
filter	O
in	O
1995	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
After	O
the	O
release	O
of	O
Thomas	O
 '	O
LISTSERV	B-Protocol
in	O
1986	O
,	O
LISTSERV	B-Protocol
@BITNIC	O
was	O
enhanced	O
to	O
provide	O
automatic	O
list	O
management	O
,	O
but	O
was	O
abandoned	O
a	O
few	O
months	O
later	O
when	O
Bitnic	O
installed	O
Thomas	O
 '	O
LISTSERV	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
LISTSERV	B-Protocol
was	O
registered	O
as	O
a	O
trademark	O
with	O
the	O
U.S.	O
Patent	O
and	O
Trademark	O
Office	O
in	O
1995	O
,	O
based	O
on	O
its	O
use	O
since	O
1986	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
such	O
,	O
in	O
those	O
jurisdictions	O
,	O
using	O
the	O
word	O
"	O
listserv	B-Protocol
"	O
to	O
describe	O
a	O
different	O
product	O
or	O
as	O
a	O
generic	O
term	O
for	O
any	O
email-based	O
mailing	O
list	O
of	O
that	O
kind	O
is	O
a	O
trademark	O
misuse	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
With	O
the	O
2007	O
release	O
of	O
version	O
15.5	O
,	O
passwords	O
are	O
now	O
stored	O
hashed	B-Algorithm
to	O
defend	O
against	O
this	O
attack	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
LISTSERV	B-Protocol
is	O
available	O
in	O
several	O
licensing	O
options	O
:	O
LISTSERV	B-Protocol
Lite	O
Free	O
Edition	O
for	O
non-commercial	O
hobby	O
use	O
;	O
LISTSERV	B-Protocol
Lite	O
for	O
smaller	O
workloads	O
;	O
LISTSERV	B-Protocol
,	O
the	O
standard	O
,	O
full-featured	O
version	O
;	O
LISTSERV	B-Protocol
HPO	O
(	O
High	O
Performance	O
Option	O
)	O
;	O
and	O
LISTSERV	B-Protocol
Maestro	O
(	O
for	O
customized	O
and	O
targeted	O
email	O
publishing	O
and	O
reporting	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
