<s>
There	O
are	O
various	O
classifications	O
of	O
the	O
electro-optical	O
modes	O
of	O
liquid	B-Device
crystal	I-Device
displays	I-Device
(	O
LCDs	B-Device
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
operation	O
of	O
TN	O
,	O
VA	O
and	O
IPS-LCDs	O
can	O
be	O
summarized	O
as	O
follows	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Liquid	B-Device
crystals	I-Device
can	O
be	O
aligned	O
by	O
both	O
magnetic	O
and	O
electric	O
fields	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Liquid	B-Device
crystals	I-Device
with	O
low	O
molecular	O
weight	O
can	O
be	O
mixed	O
with	O
high	O
molecular	O
weight	O
polymers	O
,	O
followed	O
by	O
phase-separation	O
to	O
form	O
a	O
kind	O
of	O
spongy	O
matrix	O
filled	O
with	O
LC	O
droplets	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
order	O
to	O
reduce	O
such	O
unwanted	O
variations	O
to	O
a	O
minimum	O
,	O
two	O
approaches	O
are	O
used	O
in	O
actual	O
LC	B-Device
displays	I-Device
:	O
multi-domain	O
approaches	O
and	O
application	O
of	O
external	O
birefringent	O
layers	O
(	O
retarder	O
sheets	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
