<s>
Kwangmyong	B-Language
(	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
North	O
Korean	O
"	O
walled	B-Application
garden	I-Application
"	O
national	B-Application
intranet	I-Application
service	O
opened	O
in	O
the	O
early	O
2000s	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Kwangmyong	B-Language
intranet	B-General_Concept
system	O
stands	O
in	O
contrast	O
to	O
the	O
global	O
Internet	O
in	O
North	O
Korea	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
available	O
to	O
fewer	O
people	O
in	O
the	O
country	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
of	O
2016	O
the	O
network	O
uses	O
IPv4	B-Protocol
addresses	O
reserved	O
for	O
private	B-Protocol
networks	I-Protocol
in	O
the	O
10.0.0.0/8	B-Protocol
range	O
,	O
also	O
known	O
as	O
24-bit	O
block	O
as	O
defined	O
in	O
RFC	B-Protocol
1918	I-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
North	O
Koreans	O
often	O
find	O
it	O
more	O
convenient	O
to	O
access	O
sites	O
by	O
their	O
IP	B-Protocol
address	I-Protocol
rather	O
than	O
by	O
domain	O
name	O
using	O
Latin	O
characters	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Like	O
the	O
global	O
Internet	O
,	O
the	O
network	O
hosts	O
content	O
accessible	O
with	O
web	B-Application
browsers	I-Application
,	O
and	O
provides	O
an	O
internal	O
web	B-Application
search	I-Application
engine	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
also	O
provides	O
email	O
services	O
and	O
news	B-Application
groups	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
intranet	B-General_Concept
is	O
managed	O
by	O
the	O
Korea	O
Computer	O
Center	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Efforts	O
to	O
establish	O
the	O
Kwangmyong	B-Language
network	O
on	O
a	O
national	O
scale	O
began	O
as	O
early	O
as	O
1997	O
,	O
with	O
some	O
development	O
of	O
intranet	B-General_Concept
services	O
in	O
the	O
Rajin-Sonbong	O
Economic	O
Special	O
Zone	O
as	O
early	O
as	O
1995	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
intranet	B-General_Concept
was	O
originally	O
developed	O
by	O
the	O
Central	O
Scientific	O
and	O
Technological	O
Information	O
Agency	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
national	O
Kwangmyong	B-Language
intranet	B-General_Concept
was	O
first	O
in	O
service	O
during	O
the	O
early	O
2000s	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Prior	O
to	O
2006	O
,	O
North	O
Koreans	O
would	O
use	O
intranet	B-General_Concept
chat	O
rooms	O
to	O
organize	O
meetups	O
to	O
play	O
sports	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
basketball	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Following	O
an	O
incident	O
where	O
around	O
300	O
North	B-Language
Korean	I-Language
intranet	I-Language
users	O
organized	O
a	O
flash	O
mob	O
at	O
the	O
Pyongyang	O
Gymnasium	O
,	O
all	O
chat	O
rooms	O
were	O
removed	O
from	O
the	O
North	B-Language
Korean	I-Language
intranet	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2013	O
,	O
Anonymous-affiliated	O
hackers	O
claimed	O
to	O
have	O
broken	O
into	O
North	O
Korea	O
's	O
intranet	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
video	B-Application
conferencing	I-Application
system	O
called	O
Rakwon	O
was	O
developed	O
at	O
Kim	O
Il-sung	O
University	O
in	O
2010	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Telemedicine	B-Application
and	O
remote	O
education	O
systems	O
have	O
been	O
developed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
of	O
2014	O
,	O
the	O
Kwangmyong	B-Language
network	O
was	O
estimated	O
to	O
have	O
between	O
about	O
1,000	O
and	O
5,500	O
websites	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Kwangmyong	B-Language
network	O
is	O
composed	O
of	O
many	O
websites	O
and	O
services	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Over	O
30	O
million	O
mostly	O
scientific	O
or	O
technical	O
documents	O
were	O
reportedly	O
posted	O
to	O
the	O
intranet	B-General_Concept
as	O
of	O
2007	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
internal	O
emailing	O
service	O
is	O
available	O
on	O
the	O
Kwangmyong	B-Language
network	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
search	B-Application
engine	I-Application
is	O
in	O
use	O
for	O
browsing	O
the	O
Kwangmyong	B-Language
intranet	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
search	B-Application
engine	I-Application
reportedly	O
goes	O
by	O
the	O
name	O
"	O
Naenara	O
"	O
,	O
which	O
means	O
"	O
Our	O
Country	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CNN	B-Architecture
reported	O
in	O
2017	O
that	O
a	O
"	O
North	O
Korean	O
equivalent	O
to	O
Facebook	O
"	O
exists	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Message	B-Application
boards	I-Application
are	O
known	O
to	O
exist	O
on	O
the	O
network	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
can	O
be	O
accessed	O
through	O
smartphones	B-Application
and	O
tablet	B-Device
computers	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Reportedly	O
the	O
Kwangmyong	B-Language
has	O
been	O
used	O
for	O
online	O
dating	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
e-commerce	O
and	O
e-banking	B-Application
websites	O
exist	O
on	O
the	O
network	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
video	O
games	O
also	O
exist	O
on	O
the	O
intranet	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
One	O
of	O
the	O
games	O
available	O
on	O
the	O
Kwangmyong	B-Language
is	O
Korean	O
chess	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Other	O
services	O
in	O
use	O
on	O
the	O
intranet	B-General_Concept
include	O
dictionaries	O
,	O
telehealth	O
,	O
and	O
text	O
messaging	O
services	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Kwangmyong	B-Language
is	O
designed	O
to	O
be	O
accessible	O
only	O
from	O
within	O
North	O
Korea	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
example	O
,	O
a	O
library	O
at	O
the	O
Pyongyang	O
Sci-Tech	O
Complex	O
provides	O
access	O
to	O
the	O
intranet	B-General_Concept
,	O
and	O
is	O
reportedly	O
used	O
by	O
different	O
types	O
of	O
people	O
,	O
including	O
factory	O
workers	O
,	O
children	O
and	O
researchers	O
for	O
various	O
purposes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
intranet	B-General_Concept
is	O
also	O
accessible	O
from	O
another	O
library	O
at	O
the	O
Grand	O
People	O
's	O
Study	O
House	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Sites	O
in	O
the	O
network	O
are	O
commonly	O
accessed	O
using	O
24-bit	O
block	O
private	O
IPv4	B-Protocol
addresses	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
"	O
internet	O
café	O
"	O
(	O
or	O
"	O
intranet	B-General_Concept
cafe	O
"	O
)	O
in	O
North	O
Korea	O
was	O
opened	O
in	O
Pyongyang	O
,	O
where	O
one	O
may	O
access	O
the	O
country	O
's	O
intranet	B-General_Concept
services	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
process	O
of	O
installing	O
an	O
approved	O
personal	O
computer	O
in	O
North	O
Korean	O
homes	O
which	O
would	O
be	O
capable	O
of	O
accessing	O
the	O
intranet	B-General_Concept
requires	O
inspection	O
and	O
authorization	O
from	O
local	O
government	O
authorities	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
of	O
2010	O
,	O
an	O
estimated	O
200,000	O
such	O
personal	O
computers	O
were	O
in	O
Pyongyang	O
private	O
homes	O
,	O
and	O
access	O
to	O
the	O
Kwangmyong	B-Language
is	O
more	O
common	O
among	O
people	O
in	O
cities	O
compared	O
to	O
those	O
in	O
rural	O
areas	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
addition	O
to	O
access	O
from	O
personal	O
computers	O
,	O
the	O
national	B-Application
intranet	I-Application
may	O
be	O
accessed	O
from	O
mobile	O
devices	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Kwangmyong	B-Language
has	O
24-hour	O
unlimited	O
access	O
by	O
dial-up	O
telephone	O
line	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
,	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
Android-based	O
tablet	B-Device
computer	I-Device
products	O
,	O
including	O
the	O
Samjiyon	B-Application
tablet	I-Application
computer	I-Application
,	O
can	O
be	O
purchased	O
in	O
North	O
Korea	O
that	O
give	O
access	O
to	O
Kwangmyong	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
recent	O
years	O
,	O
these	O
have	O
been	O
the	O
more	O
common	O
way	O
for	O
North	O
Koreans	O
to	O
access	O
websites	O
on	O
the	O
Kwangmyong	B-Language
intranet	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
According	O
to	O
Radio	O
Free	O
Asia	O
,	O
the	O
government	O
began	O
requiring	O
cell	O
phone	O
users	O
to	O
install	O
surveillance	O
software	O
to	O
access	O
the	O
intranet	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2018	O
,	O
North	O
Korea	O
unveiled	O
a	O
new	O
Wi-Fi	O
service	O
called	O
Mirae	O
(	O
"	O
Future	O
"	O
)	O
,	O
which	O
allowed	O
mobile	O
devices	O
to	O
access	O
the	O
intranet	B-General_Concept
network	O
in	O
Pyongyang	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Different	O
websites	O
on	O
the	O
intranet	B-General_Concept
may	O
be	O
available	O
in	O
different	O
sets	O
of	O
languages	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Kwangmyong	B-Language
is	O
designed	O
to	O
be	O
used	O
only	O
within	O
North	O
Korea	O
,	O
and	O
is	O
referred	O
to	O
as	O
an	O
intranet	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Kwangmyong	B-Language
prevents	O
domestic	O
users	O
within	O
North	O
Korea	O
from	O
freely	O
accessing	O
foreign	O
content	O
or	O
information	O
and	O
typically	O
prevents	O
foreigners	O
from	O
accessing	O
domestic	O
content	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Thus	O
,	O
sensitive	O
topics	O
and	O
information	O
are	O
unlikely	O
to	O
surface	O
on	O
Kwangmyong	B-Language
due	O
to	O
the	O
absence	O
of	O
a	O
link	O
to	O
the	O
outside	O
world	O
and	O
the	O
censorship	O
that	O
occurs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Kwangmyong	B-Language
is	O
maintained	O
and	O
monitored	O
by	O
government-related	O
entities	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
large	O
amounts	O
of	O
material	O
from	O
the	O
global	O
Internet	O
ends	O
up	O
on	O
Kwangmyong	B-Language
,	O
following	O
processing	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
While	O
foreigners	O
in	O
North	O
Korea	O
are	O
generally	O
not	O
allowed	O
to	O
access	O
Kwangmyong	B-Language
,	O
they	O
may	O
have	O
access	O
to	O
the	O
global	O
Internet	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
security	O
reasons	O
networks	O
with	O
Internet	O
and	O
intranet	B-General_Concept
access	O
are	O
air	B-Architecture
gapped	I-Architecture
so	O
that	O
computers	O
with	O
Internet	O
access	O
are	O
not	O
housed	O
in	O
the	O
same	O
location	O
as	O
computers	O
with	O
Kwangmyong	B-Language
access	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Information	O
is	O
filtered	O
and	O
processed	O
by	O
government	O
agencies	O
before	O
being	O
hosted	O
on	O
the	O
North	B-Language
Korean	I-Language
Intranet	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Below	O
is	O
a	O
list	O
of	O
sites	O
that	O
were	O
listed	O
on	O
Kwangmyong	B-Language
's	O
website	O
portal	O
in	O
2016	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Below	O
is	O
a	O
list	O
of	O
sites	O
that	O
are	O
not	O
directly	O
listed	O
on	O
www.sciteco.aca.kp	O
(	O
the	O
Kwangmyong	B-Language
website	O
portal	O
)	O
in	O
2016	O
and	O
sites	O
that	O
have	O
been	O
confirmed	O
to	O
have	O
been	O
created	O
on	O
Kwangmyong	B-Language
after	O
2016	O
.	O
</s>
