<s>
Kraken	B-Device
was	O
a	O
Cray	B-Device
XT5	I-Device
supercomputer	O
that	O
entered	O
into	O
full	O
production	O
mode	O
on	O
February	O
2	O
,	O
2009	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Kraken	B-Device
was	O
operated	O
by	O
the	O
University	O
of	O
Tennessee	O
and	O
was	O
the	O
most	O
powerful	O
computer	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
managed	O
by	O
academia	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Kraken	B-Device
was	O
decommissioned	O
on	O
April	O
30	O
,	O
2014	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Kraken	B-Device
's	O
history	O
began	O
in	O
1991	O
with	O
the	O
establishment	O
of	O
the	O
Joint	O
Institute	O
for	O
Computational	O
Sciences	O
(	O
JICS	O
)	O
,	O
a	O
joint	O
venture	O
between	O
the	O
University	O
of	O
Tennessee	O
and	O
Oak	O
Ridge	O
National	O
Laboratory	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
next	O
major	O
event	O
in	O
the	O
establishment	O
of	O
Kraken	B-Device
occurred	O
in	O
the	O
Spring	O
of	O
2008	O
when	O
the	O
National	O
Science	O
Foundation	O
awarded	O
the	O
University	O
of	O
Tennessee	O
a	O
$65	O
million	O
grant	O
to	O
build	O
and	O
operate	O
a	O
supercomputer	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
aid	O
public	O
research	O
in	O
academia	O
;	O
the	O
grant	O
provided	O
$30	O
million	O
for	O
the	O
hardware	O
and	O
$35	O
million	O
for	O
the	O
operation	O
of	O
the	O
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Kraken	B-Device
entered	O
full	O
production	O
on	O
February	O
2	O
,	O
2009	O
with	O
a	O
speed	O
of	O
607	O
TeraFLOPs	O
,	O
or	O
607	O
trillion	O
calculations	O
per	O
second	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
late	O
2009	O
Kraken	B-Device
became	O
only	O
the	O
fourth	O
supercomputer	O
ever	O
to	O
perform	O
at	O
a	O
petaFLOP	O
,	O
1,000	O
trillion	O
calculations	O
per	O
second	O
,	O
and	O
attained	O
its	O
highest	O
position	O
on	O
the	O
list	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
’s	O
most	O
powerful	O
supercomputers	O
at	O
3rd	O
place	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Kraken	B-Device
was	O
also	O
the	O
most	O
powerful	O
supercomputer	O
operated	O
by	O
a	O
public	O
university	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Kraken	B-Device
was	O
taken	O
offline	O
and	O
retired	O
on	O
April	O
30	O
,	O
2014	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Kraken	B-Device
's	O
hardware	O
occupied	O
in	O
January	O
2011	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
ran	O
the	O
Cray	O
Linux	B-Application
Environment	O
,	O
a	O
range	O
of	O
UNIX	B-Application
like	O
operating	O
system	O
variants	O
developed	O
by	O
Cray	O
specifically	O
for	O
supercomputers	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
peak	O
performance	O
of	O
1.17	O
petaFLOPs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Kraken	B-Device
contained	O
112,896	O
computing	O
cores	B-Architecture
(	O
18,816	O
2.6GHz	O
six-core	O
AMD	B-General_Concept
Opteron	I-General_Concept
processors	O
)	O
having	O
147	O
TB	O
of	O
memory	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
had	O
a	O
2.4-PB	O
raw	O
parallel	B-Operating_System
file	I-Operating_System
system	O
of	O
disk	O
storage	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
compute	O
system	O
was	O
made	O
up	O
of	O
9,408	O
compute	B-Protocol
nodes	I-Protocol
,	O
each	O
having	O
two	O
2.6-GHz	O
hex-core	O
AMD	B-General_Concept
Opteron	I-General_Concept
processors	O
,	O
16	O
GB	O
of	O
memory	O
and	O
connections	O
via	O
Cray	O
's	O
SeaStar2+	O
router	O
.	O
</s>
