<s>
Kotlin	B-Language
(	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
cross-platform	B-Operating_System
,	O
statically	O
typed	O
,	O
general-purpose	B-Language
high-level	B-Language
programming	I-Language
language	I-Language
with	O
type	O
inference	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Kotlin	B-Language
is	O
designed	O
to	O
interoperate	O
fully	O
with	O
Java	B-Language
,	O
and	O
the	O
JVM	B-Language
version	O
of	O
Kotlin	B-Language
's	O
standard	B-Library
library	I-Library
depends	O
on	O
the	O
Java	B-Library
Class	I-Library
Library	I-Library
,	O
</s>
<s>
Kotlin	B-Language
mainly	O
targets	O
the	O
JVM	B-Language
,	O
but	O
also	O
compiles	B-Language
to	O
JavaScript	B-Language
(	O
e.g.	O
,	O
for	O
frontend	O
web	O
applications	O
using	O
React	B-Application
)	O
or	O
native	B-Language
code	I-Language
via	O
LLVM	B-Application
(	O
e.g.	O
,	O
for	O
native	O
iOS	B-Application
apps	O
sharing	O
business	B-Architecture
logic	I-Architecture
with	O
Android	B-Application
apps	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Language	O
development	O
costs	O
are	O
borne	O
by	O
JetBrains	O
,	O
while	O
the	O
Kotlin	B-Language
Foundation	O
protects	O
the	O
Kotlin	B-Language
trademark	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
7	O
May	O
2019	O
,	O
Google	O
announced	O
that	O
the	O
Kotlin	B-Language
programming	I-Language
language	I-Language
is	O
now	O
its	O
preferred	O
language	O
for	O
Android	B-Application
app	O
developers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
the	O
release	O
of	O
Android	B-Application
Studio	I-Application
3.0	O
in	O
October	O
2017	O
,	O
Kotlin	B-Language
has	O
been	O
included	O
as	O
an	O
alternative	O
to	O
the	O
standard	O
Java	B-Language
compiler	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Android	B-Application
Kotlin	B-Language
compiler	B-Language
produces	O
Java	B-Language
8	O
bytecode	O
by	O
default	O
(	O
which	O
runs	O
in	O
any	O
later	O
JVM	B-Language
)	O
,	O
but	O
lets	O
the	O
programmer	O
choose	O
to	O
target	O
Java	B-Language
9	O
up	O
to	O
19	O
,	O
for	O
optimization	O
,	O
or	O
allows	O
for	O
more	O
features	O
;	O
has	O
bidirectional	O
record	O
class	O
interoperability	O
support	O
for	O
JVM	B-Language
,	O
introduced	O
in	O
Java	B-Language
16	O
,	O
considered	O
stable	O
as	O
of	O
Kotlin	B-Language
1.5	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Kotlin	B-Language
has	O
support	O
for	O
the	O
web	O
;	O
by	O
compiling	B-Language
to	O
JavaScript	B-Language
(	O
i.e.	O
,	O
Kotlin/JS	O
with	O
the	O
classic	O
back-end	O
,	O
is	O
declared	O
stable	O
since	O
version	O
1.3	O
)	O
,	O
while	O
the	O
newer	O
Kotlin/JS	O
(	O
IR-based	O
)	O
is	O
in	O
beta	O
as	O
of	O
version	O
1.5.30	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Kotlin/Native	O
(	O
for	O
e.g.	O
</s>
<s>
Apple	B-Device
silicon	I-Device
support	O
)	O
is	O
considered	O
beta	O
since	O
version	O
1.3	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
July	O
2011	O
,	O
JetBrains	O
unveiled	O
Project	O
Kotlin	B-Language
,	O
a	O
new	O
language	O
for	O
the	O
JVM	B-Language
,	O
which	O
had	O
been	O
under	O
development	O
for	O
a	O
year	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
JetBrains	O
lead	O
Dmitry	O
Jemerov	O
said	O
that	O
most	O
languages	O
did	O
not	O
have	O
the	O
features	O
they	O
were	O
looking	O
for	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
exception	O
of	O
Scala	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
he	O
cited	O
the	O
slow	O
compilation	B-Language
time	O
of	O
Scala	B-Application
as	O
a	O
deficiency	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
One	O
of	O
the	O
stated	O
goals	O
of	O
Kotlin	B-Language
is	O
to	O
compile	B-Language
as	O
quickly	O
as	O
Java	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
February	O
2012	O
,	O
JetBrains	O
open	O
sourced	O
the	O
project	O
under	O
the	O
Apache	B-Application
2	I-Application
license	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
name	O
comes	O
from	O
Kotlin	B-Language
Island	O
,	O
near	O
St.	O
Petersburg	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Andrey	O
Breslav	O
mentioned	O
that	O
the	O
team	O
decided	O
to	O
name	O
it	O
after	O
an	O
island	O
,	O
just	O
like	O
Java	B-Language
was	O
named	O
after	O
the	O
Indonesian	O
island	O
of	O
Java	B-Language
(	O
though	O
the	O
programming	O
language	O
Java	B-Language
was	O
perhaps	O
named	O
after	O
the	O
coffee	O
rather	O
than	O
the	O
island	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
JetBrains	O
hoped	O
that	O
the	O
new	O
language	O
would	O
drive	O
IntelliJ	B-Language
IDEA	I-Language
sales	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
commit	O
to	O
the	O
Kotlin	B-Language
Git	O
repository	O
was	O
on	O
November	O
8	O
,	O
2010	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Kotlin	B-Language
1.0	O
was	O
released	O
on	O
February	O
15	O
,	O
2016	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
At	O
Google	B-Application
I/O	I-Application
2017	O
,	O
Google	O
announced	O
first-class	O
support	O
for	O
Kotlin	B-Language
on	O
Android	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Kotlin	B-Language
1.2	O
was	O
released	O
on	O
November	O
28	O
,	O
2017	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Sharing	O
code	O
between	O
JVM	B-Language
and	O
JavaScript	B-Language
platforms	O
feature	O
was	O
newly	O
added	O
to	O
this	O
release	O
(	O
multiplatform	B-Operating_System
programming	O
is	O
by	O
now	O
a	O
beta	O
feature	O
upgraded	O
from	O
"	O
experimental	O
"	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
full-stack	B-Application
demo	O
has	O
been	O
made	O
with	O
the	O
new	O
Kotlin/JS	O
Gradle	B-Language
Plugin	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Kotlin	B-Language
1.3	O
was	O
released	O
on	O
29	O
October	O
2018	O
,	O
bringing	O
coroutines	O
for	O
asynchronous	O
programming	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
7	O
May	O
2019	O
,	O
Google	O
announced	O
that	O
the	O
Kotlin	B-Language
programming	I-Language
language	I-Language
is	O
now	O
its	O
preferred	O
language	O
for	O
Android	B-Application
app	O
developers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Kotlin	B-Language
1.4	O
was	O
released	O
in	O
August	O
2020	O
,	O
with	O
e.g.	O
</s>
<s>
to	O
the	O
Objective-C/Swift	O
interop	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Kotlin	B-Language
1.5	O
was	O
released	O
in	O
May	O
2021	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Kotlin	B-Language
1.6	O
was	O
released	O
in	O
November	O
2021	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Kotlin	B-Language
1.7	O
was	O
released	O
in	O
June	O
2022	O
,	O
including	O
the	O
alpha	O
version	O
of	O
the	O
new	O
Kotlin	B-Language
K2	O
compiler	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Kotlin	B-Language
1.8	O
was	O
released	O
in	O
December	O
2022	O
,	O
1.8.0	O
was	O
released	O
on	O
January	O
11	O
,	O
2023	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Development	O
lead	O
Andrey	O
Breslav	O
has	O
said	O
that	O
Kotlin	B-Language
is	O
designed	O
to	O
be	O
an	O
industrial-strength	O
object-oriented	B-Language
language	I-Language
,	O
and	O
a	O
"	O
better	O
language	O
"	O
than	O
Java	B-Language
,	O
but	O
still	O
be	O
fully	O
interoperable	O
with	O
Java	B-Language
code	I-Language
,	O
allowing	O
companies	O
to	O
make	O
a	O
gradual	O
migration	O
from	O
Java	B-Language
to	O
Kotlin	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Semicolons	O
are	O
optional	O
as	O
a	O
statement	O
terminator	O
;	O
in	O
most	O
cases	O
a	O
newline	O
is	O
sufficient	O
for	O
the	O
compiler	B-Language
to	O
deduce	O
that	O
the	O
statement	O
has	O
ended	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Kotlin	B-Language
variable	O
declarations	O
and	O
parameter	O
lists	O
have	O
the	O
data	O
type	O
come	O
after	O
the	O
variable	O
name	O
(	O
and	O
with	O
a	O
colon	O
separator	O
)	O
,	O
similar	O
to	O
Ada	B-Language
,	O
BASIC	O
,	O
Pascal	B-Application
,	O
TypeScript	B-Language
and	O
Rust	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Variables	O
in	O
Kotlin	B-Language
can	O
be	O
read-only	O
,	O
declared	O
with	O
the	O
keyword	O
,	O
or	O
mutable	B-Application
,	O
declared	O
with	O
the	O
keyword	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
addition	O
to	O
the	O
classes	O
and	O
member	B-Language
functions	I-Language
(	O
which	O
are	O
equivalent	O
to	O
methods	O
)	O
of	O
object-oriented	B-Language
programming	I-Language
,	O
Kotlin	B-Language
also	O
supports	O
procedural	B-Application
programming	I-Application
with	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
functions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Kotlin	B-Language
functions	O
and	O
constructors	O
support	O
default	B-Language
arguments	I-Language
,	O
variable-length	B-Language
argument	I-Language
lists	O
,	O
named	O
arguments	O
and	O
overloading	O
by	O
unique	O
signature	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Class	O
member	B-Language
functions	I-Language
are	O
virtual	O
,	O
i.e.	O
</s>
<s>
Kotlin	B-Language
1.3	O
added	O
support	O
for	O
contracts	O
,	O
which	O
are	O
stable	O
for	O
the	O
standard	B-Library
library	I-Library
declarations	O
,	O
but	O
still	O
experimental	O
for	O
user-defined	O
declarations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Contracts	O
are	O
inspired	O
by	O
Eiffel	B-Language
's	I-Language
design	B-Application
by	I-Application
contract	I-Application
programming	O
paradigm	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Kotlin	B-Language
code	O
may	O
be	O
compiled	B-Language
to	O
JavaScript	B-Language
,	O
allowing	O
for	O
interoperability	O
between	O
code	O
written	O
in	O
the	O
two	O
languages	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
either	O
to	O
write	O
full	O
web	O
applications	O
in	O
Kotlin	B-Language
,	O
or	O
to	O
share	O
code	O
between	O
a	O
Kotlin	B-Language
backend	O
and	O
a	O
JavaScript	B-Language
frontend	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Kotlin	B-Language
relaxes	O
Java	B-Language
's	O
restriction	O
of	O
allowing	O
static	B-Language
methods	I-Language
and	O
variables	O
to	O
exist	O
only	O
within	O
a	O
class	O
body	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Static	B-Language
objects	O
and	O
functions	O
can	O
be	O
defined	O
at	O
the	O
top	O
level	O
of	O
the	O
package	O
without	O
needing	O
a	O
redundant	O
class	O
level	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
compatibility	O
with	O
Java	B-Language
,	O
Kotlin	B-Language
provides	O
a	O
JvmName	O
annotation	O
which	O
specifies	O
a	O
class	O
name	O
used	O
when	O
the	O
package	O
is	O
viewed	O
from	O
a	O
Java	B-Language
project	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
in	O
C	B-Language
,	O
C++	B-Language
,	O
C#	B-Application
,	O
Java	B-Language
,	O
and	O
Go	B-Application
,	O
the	O
entry	B-Language
point	I-Language
to	O
a	O
Kotlin	B-Language
program	B-Application
is	O
a	O
function	O
named	O
"	O
main	O
"	O
,	O
which	O
may	O
be	O
passed	O
an	O
array	O
containing	O
any	O
command-line	B-Application
arguments	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
is	O
optional	O
since	O
Kotlin	B-Language
1.3	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Perl	B-Language
,	O
PHP	B-Application
and	O
Unix	B-Application
shell	I-Application
style	O
string	O
interpolation	O
is	O
supported	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Similar	O
to	O
C#	B-Application
,	O
Kotlin	B-Language
allows	O
adding	O
an	O
extension	O
function	O
to	O
any	O
class	O
without	O
the	O
formalities	O
of	O
creating	O
a	O
derived	O
class	O
with	O
new	O
functions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Similar	O
to	O
Python	B-Language
,	O
the	O
spread	O
operator	O
asterisk	O
( *	O
)	O
unpacks	O
an	O
array	O
's	O
contents	O
as	O
comma-separated	O
arguments	O
to	O
a	O
function	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Kotlin	B-Language
allows	O
local	O
functions	O
to	O
be	O
declared	O
inside	O
of	O
other	O
functions	O
or	O
methods	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
Kotlin	B-Language
,	O
to	O
derive	O
a	O
new	O
class	O
from	O
a	O
base	O
class	O
type	O
,	O
the	O
base	O
class	O
needs	O
to	O
be	O
explicitly	O
marked	O
as	O
"	O
open	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
is	O
in	O
contrast	O
to	O
most	O
object-oriented	B-Language
languages	I-Language
such	O
as	O
Java	B-Language
where	O
classes	O
are	O
open	O
by	O
default	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Kotlin	B-Language
provides	O
the	O
following	O
keywords	O
to	O
restrict	O
visibility	O
for	O
top-level	O
declaration	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
classes	O
,	O
and	O
for	O
class	O
members	O
:	O
public	O
,	O
internal	O
,	O
protected	O
,	O
and	O
private	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Kotlin	B-Language
supports	O
the	O
specification	O
of	O
a	O
"	O
primary	O
constructor	O
"	O
as	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
class	O
definition	O
itself	O
,	O
consisting	O
of	O
an	O
argument	O
list	O
following	O
the	O
class	O
name	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
argument	O
list	O
supports	O
an	O
expanded	O
syntax	O
on	O
Kotlin	B-Language
's	O
standard	O
function	O
argument	O
lists	O
,	O
that	O
enables	O
declaration	O
of	O
class	O
properties	O
in	O
the	O
primary	O
constructor	O
,	O
including	O
visibility	O
,	O
extensibility	O
and	O
mutability	O
attributes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
in	O
cases	O
where	O
more	O
than	O
one	O
constructor	O
is	O
needed	O
for	O
a	O
class	O
,	O
a	O
more	O
general	O
constructor	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
called	O
secondary	O
constructor	O
syntax	O
which	O
closely	O
resembles	O
the	O
constructor	O
syntax	O
used	O
in	O
most	O
object-oriented	B-Language
languages	I-Language
like	O
C++	B-Language
,	O
C#	B-Application
,	O
and	O
Java	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
All	O
the	O
subclasses	O
of	O
the	O
sealed	O
class	O
are	O
defined	O
at	O
compile	B-Language
time	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
No	O
new	O
subclasses	O
can	O
be	O
added	O
to	O
it	O
after	O
the	O
compilation	B-Language
of	O
the	O
module	O
having	O
the	O
sealed	O
class	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
example	O
,	O
a	O
sealed	O
class	O
in	O
a	O
compiled	B-Language
jar	O
file	O
cannot	O
be	O
subclassed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Kotlin	B-Language
's	O
data	O
class	O
construct	O
defines	O
classes	O
whose	O
primary	O
purpose	O
is	O
storing	O
data	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
construct	O
is	O
similar	O
to	O
normal	O
classes	O
except	O
that	O
the	O
key	O
functions	O
equals	O
,	O
toString	B-Language
,	O
and	O
hashCode	O
are	O
automatically	O
generated	O
from	O
the	O
class	O
properties	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
Java	B-Language
,	O
such	O
classes	O
are	O
expected	O
to	O
provide	O
a	O
standard	O
assortment	O
of	O
functions	O
such	O
as	O
those	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Kotlin	B-Language
can	O
also	O
be	O
used	O
as	O
a	O
scripting	O
language	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
script	O
is	O
a	O
Kotlin	B-Language
source	O
file	O
(	O
.kts	B-Language
)	O
with	O
top	O
level	O
executable	O
code	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Scripts	O
can	O
be	O
run	O
by	O
passing	O
the	O
-script	O
option	O
and	O
the	O
corresponding	O
script	O
file	O
to	O
the	O
compiler	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Kotlin	B-Language
makes	O
a	O
distinction	O
between	O
nullable	O
and	O
non-nullable	O
data	O
types	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Kotlin	B-Language
provides	O
null-safe	O
operators	O
to	O
help	O
developers	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Kotlin	B-Language
provides	O
support	O
for	O
higher-order	B-Language
functions	I-Language
and	O
anonymous	B-General_Concept
functions	I-General_Concept
or	O
lambdas	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Lambdas	B-General_Concept
are	O
declared	O
using	O
braces	O
,	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
If	O
a	O
lambda	B-General_Concept
takes	O
parameters	O
,	O
they	O
are	O
declared	O
within	O
the	O
braces	O
and	O
followed	O
by	O
the	O
operator	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
IntelliJ	B-Language
IDEA	I-Language
has	O
plug-in	O
support	O
for	O
Kotlin	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
IntelliJ	B-Language
IDEA	I-Language
15	O
was	O
the	O
first	O
version	O
to	O
bundle	O
the	O
Kotlin	B-Language
plugin	O
in	O
the	O
IntelliJ	B-Language
Installer	O
,	O
and	O
provide	O
Kotlin	B-Language
support	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
box	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
JetBrains	O
also	O
provides	O
a	O
plugin	O
for	O
Eclipse	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Integration	O
with	O
common	O
Java	B-Language
build	O
tools	O
is	O
supported	O
including	O
Apache	B-Language
Maven	I-Language
,	O
Apache	B-Application
Ant	I-Application
,	O
and	O
Gradle	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Android	B-Application
Studio	I-Application
(	O
based	O
on	O
IntelliJ	B-Language
IDEA	I-Language
)	O
has	O
official	O
support	O
for	O
Kotlin	B-Language
,	O
starting	O
from	O
Android	B-Application
Studio	I-Application
3	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Emacs	B-Application
has	O
a	O
Kotlin	B-Language
Mode	O
in	O
its	O
MELPA	O
package	O
repository	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Vim	B-Application
has	O
a	O
plugin	O
maintained	O
on	O
GitHub	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
generates	O
POJO	B-Language
style	O
native	O
Kotlin	B-Language
code	O
for	O
web	O
service	O
response	O
mapping	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
Kotlin	B-Language
was	O
announced	O
as	O
an	O
official	O
Android	B-Application
development	O
language	O
at	O
Google	B-Application
I/O	I-Application
in	O
May	O
2017	O
,	O
it	O
became	O
the	O
third	O
language	O
fully	O
supported	O
for	O
Android	B-Application
,	O
in	O
addition	O
to	O
Java	B-Language
and	O
C++	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
of	O
2020	O
,	O
Kotlin	B-Language
is	O
still	O
most	O
widely	O
used	O
on	O
Android	B-Application
,	O
with	O
Google	O
estimating	O
that	O
70%	O
of	O
the	O
top	O
1000	O
apps	O
on	O
the	O
Play	O
Store	O
are	O
written	O
in	O
Kotlin	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Google	O
itself	O
has	O
60	O
apps	O
written	O
in	O
Kotlin	B-Language
,	O
including	O
Maps	O
and	O
Drive	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Many	O
Android	B-Application
apps	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
Google	O
's	O
Home	O
,	O
are	O
in	O
the	O
process	O
of	O
being	O
migrated	O
to	O
Kotlin	B-Language
,	O
and	O
therefore	O
use	O
both	O
Kotlin	B-Language
and	O
Java	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Kotlin	B-Language
on	O
Android	B-Application
is	O
seen	O
as	O
beneficial	O
for	O
its	O
null-pointer	B-Application
safety	I-Application
as	O
well	O
as	O
for	O
its	O
features	O
that	O
make	O
for	O
shorter	O
,	O
more	O
readable	O
code	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
addition	O
to	O
its	O
prominent	O
use	O
on	O
Android	B-Application
,	O
Kotlin	B-Language
is	O
gaining	O
traction	O
in	O
server-side	O
development	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	B-Application
Spring	I-Application
Framework	I-Application
officially	O
added	O
Kotlin	B-Language
support	O
with	O
version	O
5	O
on	O
4	O
January	O
2017	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
To	O
further	O
support	O
Kotlin	B-Language
,	O
Spring	O
has	O
translated	O
all	O
its	O
documentation	O
to	O
Kotlin	B-Language
and	O
added	O
built-in	O
support	O
for	O
many	O
Kotlin-specific	O
features	O
such	O
as	O
coroutines	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
addition	O
to	O
Spring	O
,	O
JetBrains	O
has	O
produced	O
a	O
Kotlin-first	O
framework	O
called	O
Ktor	O
for	O
building	O
web	O
applications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2020	O
,	O
JetBrains	O
found	O
in	O
a	O
survey	O
of	O
developers	O
who	O
use	O
Kotlin	B-Language
that	O
56%	O
were	O
using	O
Kotlin	B-Language
for	O
mobile	O
apps	O
,	O
while	O
47%	O
were	O
using	O
it	O
for	O
a	O
web	O
back-end	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Just	O
over	O
a	O
third	O
of	O
all	O
Kotlin	B-Language
developers	O
said	O
that	O
they	O
were	O
migrating	O
to	O
Kotlin	B-Language
from	O
another	O
language	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Most	O
Kotlin	B-Language
users	O
were	O
targeting	O
Android	B-Application
(	O
or	O
otherwise	O
on	O
the	O
JVM	B-Language
)	O
,	O
with	O
only	O
6%	O
using	O
Kotlin	B-Language
Native	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2018	O
,	O
Kotlin	B-Language
was	O
the	O
fastest	O
growing	O
language	O
on	O
GitHub	B-Application
with	O
2.6	O
times	O
more	O
developers	O
compared	O
to	O
2017	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Kotlin	B-Language
was	O
also	O
awarded	O
the	O
O'Reilly	O
Open	O
Source	O
Software	O
Conference	O
Breakout	O
Award	O
for	O
2019	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Many	O
companies/organizations	O
have	O
used	O
Kotlin	B-Language
for	O
backend	O
development	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
companies/organizations	O
have	O
used	O
Kotlin	B-Language
for	O
web	O
development	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
number	O
of	O
companies	O
have	O
publicly	O
stated	O
they	O
were	O
using	O
Kotlin	B-Language
:	O
</s>
<s>
Corda	O
,	O
a	O
distributed	O
ledger	O
developed	O
by	O
a	O
consortium	O
of	O
well-known	O
banks	O
(	O
such	O
as	O
Goldman	O
Sachs	O
,	O
Wells	O
Fargo	O
,	O
J.P.	O
Morgan	O
,	O
Deutsche	O
Bank	O
,	O
UBS	O
,	O
HSBC	O
,	O
BNP	O
Paribas	O
,	O
Société	O
Générale	O
)	O
,	O
has	O
over	O
90%	O
Kotlin	B-Language
code	O
in	O
its	O
codebase	O
.	O
</s>
