<s>
KeePass	B-Language
Password	I-Language
Safe	I-Language
is	O
a	O
free	B-License
and	I-License
open-source	I-License
password	O
manager	O
primarily	O
for	O
Windows	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
officially	O
supports	O
macOS	B-Application
and	O
Linux	B-Application
operating	I-Application
systems	I-Application
through	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
Mono	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Additionally	O
,	O
there	O
are	O
several	O
unofficial	O
ports	O
for	O
Windows	B-Protocol
Phone	I-Protocol
,	O
Android	B-Application
,	O
iOS	B-Application
,	O
and	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
devices	O
,	O
which	O
normally	O
work	O
with	O
the	O
same	O
copied	O
or	O
shared	O
(	O
remote	B-Device
)	O
password	O
database	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
KeePass	B-Language
stores	O
usernames	O
,	O
passwords	O
,	O
and	O
other	O
fields	O
,	O
including	O
free-form	O
notes	O
and	O
file	B-Operating_System
attachments	O
,	O
in	O
an	O
encrypted	O
file	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
file	B-Operating_System
can	O
be	O
protected	O
by	O
any	O
combination	O
of	O
a	O
master	B-Application
password	I-Application
,	O
a	O
key	O
file	B-Operating_System
,	O
and	O
the	O
current	O
Windows	B-Application
account	O
details	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
default	O
,	O
the	O
KeePass	B-Language
database	O
is	O
stored	O
on	O
a	O
local	O
file	B-Application
system	I-Application
(	O
as	O
opposed	O
to	O
cloud	O
storage	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
KeePass	B-Language
comes	O
in	O
two	O
different	O
variants	O
:	O
KeePass	B-Language
1.x	O
and	O
KeePass	B-Language
2.x	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
KeePass	B-Language
2.x	O
has	O
a	O
different	O
software	O
basis	O
in	O
C#	B-Application
instead	O
of	O
the	O
former	O
C++	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Mainly	O
communication	O
features	O
are	O
extended	O
in	O
KeePass	B-Language
2.x	O
:	O
authentication	O
with	O
the	O
Windows	B-Application
user	O
account	O
,	O
remote	B-Device
and	O
shared	O
database	O
editing	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
many	O
plugins	B-Application
allowing	O
communication	O
and	O
authentication	O
with	O
different	O
web	B-Application
browsers	I-Application
,	O
databases	O
and	O
more	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
KeePass	B-Language
1.x	O
and	O
2.x	O
support	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
plugins	B-Application
,	O
although	O
2.x	O
allows	O
more	O
plugins	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
KeePass	B-Language
can	O
import	O
from	O
over	O
30	O
other	O
most	O
commonly	O
used	O
password	O
managers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
2017	O
Consumer	O
Reports	O
article	O
described	O
KeePass	B-Language
as	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
four	O
most	O
widely	O
used	O
password	O
managers	O
(	O
alongside	O
1Password	B-Operating_System
,	O
Dashlane	B-Operating_System
and	O
LastPass	B-Operating_System
)	O
,	O
being	O
"	O
popular	O
among	O
tech	O
enthusiasts	O
"	O
and	O
offering	O
the	O
same	O
level	O
of	O
security	O
as	O
non-free	O
competitors	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
2019	O
Independent	O
Security	O
Evaluators	O
study	O
described	O
KeePass	B-Language
as	O
well	O
as	O
other	O
widely	O
used	O
password	O
managers	O
as	O
being	O
unable	O
to	O
control	O
Windows	B-Operating_System
10	I-Operating_System
's	O
tendency	O
to	O
leave	O
passwords	O
in	O
cleartext	O
in	O
RAM	O
after	O
they	O
are	O
displayed	O
using	O
Windows	B-Application
controlled	O
GUI	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
addition	O
,	O
several	O
GitHub	O
projects	O
(	O
KeeFarce	O
,	O
KeeThief	O
,	O
Lazanga	O
)	O
specifically	O
attack	O
a	O
running	O
KeePass	B-Language
to	O
steal	O
all	O
data	O
when	O
the	O
host	O
is	O
compromised	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
KeePass	B-Language
cannot	O
prevent	O
password	O
theft	O
and	O
,	O
as	O
Dominik	O
Reichl	O
,	O
the	O
administrator	O
of	O
KeePass	B-Language
,	O
states	O
,	O
"	O
neither	O
KeePass	B-Language
nor	O
any	O
other	O
password	O
manager	O
can	O
magically	O
run	O
securely	O
in	O
a	O
spyware-infected	O
,	O
insecure	O
environment.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
password	O
list	O
is	O
saved	O
by	O
default	O
as	O
a	O
.kdbx	O
file	B-Operating_System
,	O
but	O
it	O
can	O
be	O
exported	O
to	O
TXT	B-General_Concept
,	O
HTML	B-Language
,	O
XML	B-Protocol
and	O
CSV	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
XML	B-Protocol
output	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
in	O
other	O
applications	O
and	O
re-imported	O
into	O
KeePass	B-Language
using	O
a	O
plugin	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
CSV	O
output	O
is	O
compatible	O
with	O
many	O
other	O
password	O
safes	O
like	O
the	O
commercial	O
closed-source	B-Application
Password	O
Keeper	O
and	O
the	O
closed-source	B-Application
Password	O
Agent	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Also	O
,	O
the	O
CSVs	O
can	O
be	O
imported	O
by	O
spreadsheet	O
applications	O
like	O
Microsoft	O
Excel	O
or	O
OpenOffice/LibreOffice	O
Calc	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
File	B-Operating_System
format	O
support	O
can	O
be	O
expanded	O
through	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
KeePass	B-Language
plugins	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
KeePass	B-Language
supports	O
simultaneous	O
access	O
and	O
simultaneous	O
changes	O
to	O
a	O
shared	O
password	O
file	B-Operating_System
by	O
multiple	O
computers	O
(	O
often	O
by	O
using	O
a	O
shared	O
network	O
drive	O
)	O
,	O
however	O
there	O
is	O
no	O
provisioning	O
of	O
access	O
per-group	O
or	O
per-entry	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
of	O
May	O
2014	O
,	O
there	O
are	O
no	O
plugins	B-Application
available	O
to	O
add	O
provisioned	O
multi-user	O
support	O
,	O
but	O
there	O
exists	O
a	O
proprietary	B-Application
password	O
server	O
(	O
Pleasant	B-Application
Password	I-Application
Server	I-Application
)	O
that	O
is	O
compatible	O
with	O
the	O
KeePass	B-Language
client	O
and	O
includes	O
provisioning	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
KeePass	B-Language
can	O
minimize	O
itself	O
and	O
type	O
the	O
information	O
of	O
the	O
currently	O
selected	O
entry	O
into	O
dialogs	O
,	O
webforms	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
KeePass	B-Language
has	O
a	O
global	O
auto-type	O
hot	O
key	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
KeePass	B-Language
is	O
running	O
in	O
the	O
background	O
(	O
with	O
an	O
unlocked	O
database	O
)	O
and	O
user	O
presses	O
down	O
the	O
hotkey	O
,	O
it	O
looks	O
up	O
the	O
selected	O
(	O
or	O
correct	O
)	O
entry	O
and	O
enters	O
every	O
login	O
and/or	O
password	O
characters	O
sequence	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
All	O
fields	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
title	O
,	O
username	O
,	O
password	O
,	O
URL	O
,	O
and	O
notes	O
,	O
can	O
be	O
drag	O
and	O
dropped	O
into	O
other	O
windows	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Windows	B-Application
clipboard	O
handling	O
allows	O
double-clicking	O
on	O
any	O
field	O
of	O
the	O
password	O
list	O
to	O
copy	O
its	O
value	O
to	O
the	O
Windows	B-Application
clipboard	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
KeePass	B-Language
may	O
be	O
configured	O
to	O
randomize	O
characters	O
 '	O
input	O
sequence	O
to	O
make	O
it	O
harder	O
to	O
log	O
keystrokes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
KeePass	B-Language
automatically	O
clears	O
the	O
clipboard	O
some	O
time	O
after	O
the	O
user	O
has	O
copied	O
one	O
of	O
their	O
passwords	O
into	O
it	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
KeePass	B-Language
features	O
protection	O
against	O
clipboard	O
monitors	O
(	O
other	O
applications	O
will	O
not	O
get	O
notifications	O
that	O
the	O
clipboard	O
content	O
has	O
been	O
changed	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
auto-type	O
functionality	O
works	O
with	O
all	O
windows	B-Application
,	O
and	O
consequently	O
with	O
all	O
browsers	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
available	O
for	O
Mozilla	B-Application
Firefox	I-Application
,	O
Google	O
Chrome	O
,	O
and	O
Microsoft	O
Edge	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Internet	O
Explorer	O
also	O
has	O
a	O
browser	B-Application
integration	O
toolbar	O
available	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
KeePass	B-Language
features	O
a	O
built-in	O
password	O
generator	O
that	O
generates	O
random	O
passwords	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
KeePass	B-Language
has	O
a	O
plugin	B-Application
architecture	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
are	O
various	O
plugins	B-Application
available	O
from	O
the	O
KeePass	B-Language
website	O
(	O
such	O
as	O
import/export	O
from/to	O
various	O
other	O
formats	O
,	O
database	O
backup	O
,	O
integration	O
,	O
automation	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Note	O
that	O
plugins	B-Application
may	O
compromise	O
the	O
security	O
of	O
KeePass	B-Language
,	O
because	O
they	O
are	O
written	O
by	O
independent	O
authors	O
and	O
have	O
full	O
access	O
to	O
the	O
KeePass	B-Language
database	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
KeePass	B-Language
has	O
an	O
opensource	O
wrapper	O
,	O
QuicKeepass	O
,	O
that	O
allows	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
KeePass	B-Language
more	O
efficiently	O
on	O
Linux	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
According	O
to	O
the	O
utility	O
's	O
author	O
,	O
KeePass	B-Language
was	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
first	O
password	O
management	O
utilities	O
to	O
use	O
security-enhanced	O
password	O
edit	O
controls	O
,	O
in	O
this	O
case	O
one	O
called	O
CSecureEditEx	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Passwords	O
are	O
protected	O
in	O
memory	O
while	O
KeePass	B-Language
is	O
running	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
Windows	B-Application
Vista	O
and	O
later	O
versions	O
,	O
passwords	O
are	O
encrypted	O
in	O
process	O
memory	O
using	O
Windows	B-Application
Data	O
Protection	O
API	O
,	O
which	O
allows	O
storing	O
the	O
key	O
for	O
memory	O
protection	O
in	O
a	O
secure	O
,	O
non-swappable	O
memory	O
area	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
previous	O
Windows	B-Application
systems	O
,	O
KeePass	B-Language
falls	O
back	O
to	O
using	O
the	O
ARC4	B-Algorithm
cipher	O
with	O
a	O
temporary	O
,	O
random	O
session	O
key	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Access	O
to	O
the	O
database	O
is	O
restricted	O
by	O
a	O
master	B-Application
password	I-Application
or	O
a	O
key	O
file	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
KeePass	B-Language
version	O
2.x	O
introduces	O
a	O
third	O
option	O
—	O
dependency	O
upon	O
the	O
current	O
Windows	B-Application
user	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
KeePass	B-Language
encrypts	O
the	O
database	O
with	O
the	O
AES	B-Algorithm
,	O
Twofish	B-Algorithm
or	O
ChaCha20	O
symmetric	O
cipher	O
,	O
where	O
the	O
first	O
two	O
are	O
used	O
in	O
CBC/PKCS7	O
mode	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
AES	B-Algorithm
is	O
the	O
default	O
option	O
in	O
both	O
KeePass	B-Language
editions	O
,	O
Twofish	B-Algorithm
is	O
available	O
in	O
KeePass	B-Language
1.x	O
,	O
ChaCha20	O
is	O
available	O
only	O
in	O
KeePass	B-Language
2.35	O
and	O
higher	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
a	O
separate	O
plugin	B-Application
provides	O
Twofish	B-Algorithm
as	O
an	O
encryption	O
algorithm	O
in	O
KeePass	B-Language
2.x	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
KeePass	B-Language
1.x	O
(	O
KDB	O
database	O
format	O
)	O
,	O
the	O
integrity	O
of	O
the	O
data	O
is	O
checked	O
using	O
a	O
SHA-256	O
hash	O
of	O
the	O
plaintext	O
,	O
whereas	O
in	O
KeePass	B-Language
2.x	O
(	O
KDBX	O
database	O
format	O
)	O
,	O
the	O
authenticity	B-Algorithm
of	O
the	O
data	O
is	O
ensured	O
using	O
a	O
HMAC-SHA-256	O
hash	O
of	O
the	O
ciphertext	O
(	O
Encrypt-then-MAC	O
construction	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
KeePassX	B-Application
,	O
a	O
multi-platform	O
open	O
source	O
KeePass	B-Language
clone	O
for	O
Linux	B-Application
and	O
macOS	B-Application
,	O
built	O
using	O
the	O
Qt	B-Language
libraries	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
of	O
December	O
2021	O
,	O
KeePassX	B-Application
is	O
no	O
longer	O
actively	O
maintained	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
KeePassXC	B-Language
(	O
KeePass	B-Language
Cross-Platform	O
Community	O
Edition	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
fork	O
of	O
KeePassX	B-Application
written	O
in	O
C++	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
KeeWeb	B-Application
,	O
a	O
cross-platform	O
JavaScript	B-Language
web	O
application	O
using	O
the	O
KeePass	B-Language
database	O
format	O
,	O
desktop	O
version	O
built	O
with	O
Electron	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
KeePass	B-Language
at	O
one	O
time	O
had	O
a	O
paste-once	O
functionality	O
,	O
where	O
after	O
a	O
single	O
paste	O
operation	O
,	O
the	O
clipboard	O
would	O
be	O
cleared	O
automatically	O
,	O
but	O
this	O
was	O
removed	O
in	O
version	O
2.x	O
due	O
to	O
incompatibility	O
and	O
insufficient	O
effectiveness	O
.	O
</s>
