<s>
kdb+	B-Application
is	O
a	O
column-based	O
relational	B-Application
time	O
series	O
database	O
(	O
TSDB	O
)	O
with	O
in-memory	B-General_Concept
(	O
IMDB	O
)	O
abilities	O
,	O
developed	O
and	O
marketed	O
by	O
KX	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
kdb+	B-Application
has	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
handle	O
billions	O
of	O
records	O
and	O
analyzes	O
data	O
within	O
a	O
database	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
database	O
is	O
available	O
in	O
32-bit	O
and	O
64-bit	B-Device
versions	O
for	O
several	O
operating	B-General_Concept
systems	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Financial	O
institutions	O
use	O
kdb+	B-Application
to	O
analyze	O
time	O
series	O
data	O
such	O
as	O
stock	O
or	O
commodity	O
exchange	O
data	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
database	O
has	O
also	O
been	O
used	O
for	O
other	O
time-sensitive	O
data	O
applications	O
including	O
commodity	O
markets	O
such	O
as	O
energy	O
trading	O
,	O
telecommunications	O
,	O
sensor	O
data	O
,	O
log	O
data	O
,	O
machine	O
and	O
computer	B-Architecture
network	I-Architecture
usage	O
monitoring	O
along	O
with	O
real	O
time	O
analytics	O
in	O
Formula	B-Application
One	I-Application
racing	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
kdb+	B-Application
is	O
a	O
high-performance	O
column-store	B-General_Concept
database	I-General_Concept
that	O
was	O
designed	O
to	O
process	O
and	O
store	O
large	O
amounts	O
of	O
data	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Commonly	O
accessed	O
data	O
is	O
pushed	O
into	O
random-access	B-Architecture
memory	I-Architecture
(	O
RAM	B-Architecture
)	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
faster	O
to	O
access	O
than	O
data	O
in	O
disk	B-Device
storage	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Created	O
with	O
financial	O
institutions	O
in	O
mind	O
,	O
the	O
database	O
was	O
developed	O
as	O
a	O
central	O
repository	O
to	O
store	O
time	O
series	O
data	O
that	O
supports	O
real-time	B-General_Concept
analysis	O
of	O
billions	O
of	O
records	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
kdb+	B-Application
has	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
analyze	O
data	O
over	O
time	O
and	O
responds	O
to	O
queries	O
similar	O
to	O
Structured	B-Language
Query	I-Language
Language	I-Language
(	O
SQL	B-Language
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Columnar	B-General_Concept
databases	I-General_Concept
return	O
answers	O
to	O
some	O
queries	O
in	O
a	O
more	O
efficient	O
way	O
than	O
row-based	O
database	O
management	O
systems	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
kdb+	B-Application
dictionaries	O
,	O
tables	O
and	O
nanosecond	O
time	O
stamps	O
are	O
native	O
data	O
types	O
and	O
are	O
used	O
to	O
store	O
time	O
series	O
data	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
At	O
the	O
core	O
of	O
kdb+	B-Application
is	O
the	O
built-in	O
programming	O
language	O
,	O
q	B-Application
,	O
a	O
concise	O
,	O
expressive	O
query	O
array	O
language	O
,	O
and	O
dialect	O
of	O
the	O
language	O
APL	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Q	B-Application
can	O
manipulate	O
streaming	B-Architecture
,	O
real-time	B-General_Concept
,	O
and	O
historical	O
data	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
kdb+	B-Application
uses	O
q	B-Application
to	O
aggregate	O
and	O
analyze	O
data	O
,	O
perform	O
statistical	O
functions	O
,	O
and	O
join	O
data	O
sets	O
and	O
supports	O
SQL	B-Language
queries	O
The	O
vector	O
language	O
q	B-Application
was	O
built	O
for	O
speed	O
and	O
expressiveness	O
and	O
eliminates	O
most	O
need	O
for	O
looping	O
structures	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
kdb+	B-Application
includes	O
interfaces	O
in	O
C	B-Language
,	O
C++	B-Language
,	O
Java	B-Language
,	O
C#	B-Application
,	O
and	O
Python	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1998	O
,	O
KX	O
released	O
kdb	B-Application
,	O
a	O
database	O
built	O
on	O
the	O
language	O
K	B-Application
written	O
by	O
Arthur	O
Whitney	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2003	O
,	O
kdb+	B-Application
was	O
released	O
as	O
a	O
64-bit	B-Device
version	O
of	O
kdb	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2004	O
,	O
the	O
kdb+	B-Application
tick	O
market	O
database	O
framework	O
was	O
released	O
along	O
with	O
kdb+	B-Application
taq	O
,	O
a	O
loader	O
for	O
the	O
New	O
York	O
Stock	O
Exchange	O
(	O
NYSE	O
)	O
taq	O
data	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
kdb+	B-Application
was	O
created	O
by	O
Arthur	O
Whitney	O
,	O
building	O
on	O
his	O
prior	O
work	O
with	O
array	O
languages	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
April	O
2007	O
,	O
KX	O
announced	O
that	O
it	O
was	O
releasing	O
a	O
version	O
of	O
kdb+	B-Application
for	O
Mac	B-Application
OS	I-Application
X	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
At	O
that	O
time	O
,	O
kdb+	B-Application
was	O
also	O
available	O
on	O
the	O
operating	B-General_Concept
systems	I-General_Concept
Linux	B-Application
,	O
Windows	B-Application
,	O
and	O
Solaris	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
optimized	O
for	O
Intel	O
's	O
upgraded	O
processors	O
with	O
support	O
for	O
WebSockets	B-Protocol
,	O
Globally	O
unique	O
identifiers	O
(	O
GUID	O
)	O
s	O
,	O
and	O
Universally	O
unique	O
identifiers	O
(	O
UUID	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Intel	O
's	O
Advanced	B-General_Concept
Vector	I-General_Concept
Extensions	I-General_Concept
(	O
AVX	O
)	O
and	O
Streaming	B-Architecture
SIMD	O
Extensions	O
4	O
(	O
SSE4	B-General_Concept
)	O
4.2	O
on	O
the	O
Sandy	B-Device
Bridge	I-Device
processors	O
of	O
the	O
time	O
allowed	O
for	O
enhanced	O
support	O
of	O
the	O
kdb+	B-Application
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
New	O
features	O
included	O
Multithreaded	O
primitives	O
,	O
Intel	O
Optane	O
DC	O
persistent	O
memory	O
support	O
and	O
Data	B-General_Concept
at	I-General_Concept
Rest	I-General_Concept
Encryption	O
.	O
</s>
