<s>
Kaggle	B-Application
,	O
a	O
subsidiary	O
of	O
Google	B-Application
LLC	I-Application
,	O
is	O
an	O
online	O
community	O
of	O
data	O
scientists	O
and	O
machine	O
learning	O
practitioners	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Kaggle	B-Application
allows	O
users	O
to	O
find	O
and	O
publish	O
data	O
sets	O
,	O
explore	O
and	O
build	O
models	O
in	O
a	O
web-based	O
data-science	O
environment	O
,	O
work	O
with	O
other	O
data	O
scientists	O
and	O
machine	O
learning	O
engineers	O
,	O
and	O
enter	O
competitions	O
to	O
solve	O
data	O
science	O
challenges	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Kaggle	B-Application
was	O
first	O
launched	O
in	O
2010	O
by	O
offering	O
machine	O
learning	O
competitions	O
and	O
now	O
also	O
offers	O
a	O
public	O
data	O
platform	O
,	O
a	O
cloud-based	O
workbench	O
for	O
data	O
science	O
,	O
and	O
Artificial	B-Application
Intelligence	I-Application
education	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
8	O
March	O
2017	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
announced	O
that	O
they	O
were	O
acquiring	O
Kaggle	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
June	O
2017	O
,	O
Kaggle	B-Application
claimed	O
it	O
surpassed	O
1	O
million	O
registered	O
users	O
and	O
,	O
as	O
of	O
2021	O
,	O
over	O
8	O
million	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
March	O
2017	O
,	O
the	O
Two	O
Sigma	O
Investments	O
fund	O
was	O
running	O
a	O
competition	O
on	O
Kaggle	B-Application
to	O
code	O
a	O
trading	O
algorithm	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Work	O
is	O
shared	O
publicly	O
through	O
Kaggle	B-Application
Kernels	O
to	O
achieve	O
a	O
better	O
benchmark	O
and	O
to	O
inspire	O
new	O
ideas	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Submissions	O
can	O
be	O
made	O
through	O
Kaggle	B-Application
Kernels	O
,	O
through	O
manual	O
upload	O
or	O
using	O
the	O
Kaggle	B-Application
API	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Alongside	O
its	O
public	O
competitions	O
,	O
Kaggle	B-Application
also	O
offers	O
private	O
competitions	O
limited	O
to	O
Kaggle	B-Application
's	O
top	O
participants	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Kaggle	B-Application
offers	O
a	O
free	O
tool	O
for	O
data	O
science	O
teachers	O
to	O
run	O
academic	O
machine-learning	O
competitions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Kaggle	B-Application
also	O
hosts	O
recruiting	O
competitions	O
in	O
which	O
data	O
scientists	O
compete	O
for	O
a	O
chance	O
to	O
interview	O
leading	O
data	O
science	O
companies	O
like	O
Facebook	B-Application
,	O
Winton	O
Capital	O
,	O
and	O
Walmart	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Many	O
machine-learning	O
competitions	O
have	O
been	O
run	O
on	O
Kaggle	B-Application
since	O
the	O
company	O
was	O
founded	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Notable	O
competitions	O
include	O
one	O
improving	O
gesture	O
recognition	O
for	O
Microsoft	B-Algorithm
Kinect	I-Algorithm
,	O
making	O
a	O
football	B-Application
AI	B-Application
for	O
Manchester	O
City	O
,	O
and	O
improving	O
the	O
search	O
for	O
the	O
Higgs	O
boson	O
at	O
CERN	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Competitions	O
have	O
resulted	O
in	O
successful	O
projects	O
such	O
as	O
furthering	O
HIV	O
research	O
,	O
chess	B-Application
ratings	O
and	O
traffic	O
forecasting	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Geoffrey	O
Hinton	O
and	O
George	O
Dahl	O
used	O
deep	O
neural	B-Architecture
networks	I-Architecture
to	O
win	O
a	O
competition	O
hosted	O
by	O
Merck	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Vlad	O
Mnih	O
(	O
one	O
of	O
Hinton	O
's	O
students	O
)	O
used	O
deep	O
neural	B-Architecture
networks	I-Architecture
to	O
win	O
a	O
competition	O
hosted	O
by	O
Adzuna	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
resulted	O
in	O
the	O
technique	O
being	O
taken	O
up	O
by	O
others	O
in	O
the	O
Kaggle	B-Application
community	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Tianqi	O
Chen	O
from	O
the	O
University	O
of	O
Washington	O
also	O
used	O
Kaggle	B-Application
to	O
show	O
the	O
power	O
of	O
XGBoost	B-Language
,	O
which	O
has	O
since	O
replaced	O
Random	B-Algorithm
Forest	I-Algorithm
as	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
main	O
methods	O
used	O
to	O
win	O
Kaggle	B-Application
competitions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Several	O
academic	O
papers	O
have	O
been	O
published	O
on	O
the	O
basis	O
of	O
findings	O
made	O
in	O
Kaggle	B-Application
competitions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
winning	O
methods	O
are	O
frequently	O
written	O
on	O
the	O
Kaggle	B-Application
blog	O
,	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Kaggle	B-Application
has	O
implemented	O
a	O
progression	O
system	O
to	O
recognize	O
and	O
reward	O
users	O
based	O
on	O
their	O
contributions	O
and	O
achievements	O
within	O
the	O
platform	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
highest	O
and	O
most	O
prestigious	O
tier	O
,	O
Kaggle	B-Application
Grandmaster	O
,	O
is	O
awarded	O
to	O
users	O
who	O
demonstrate	O
exceptional	O
skills	O
in	O
data	O
science	O
and	O
machine	O
learning	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
of	O
April	O
4	O
,	O
2023	O
,	O
out	O
of	O
12	O
million	O
Kaggle	B-Application
users	O
,	O
only	O
2,331	O
(	O
about	O
1	O
out	O
of	O
every	O
5500	O
users	O
)	O
have	O
reached	O
the	O
Master	O
level	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Among	O
these	O
Masters	O
,	O
only	O
422	O
(	O
approximately	O
1	O
out	O
of	O
every	O
5	O
Masters	O
)	O
have	O
achieved	O
the	O
coveted	O
Kaggle	B-Application
Grandmaster	O
status	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
progression	O
system	O
serves	O
to	O
motivate	O
users	O
to	O
continuously	O
improve	O
their	O
skills	O
and	O
contribute	O
to	O
the	O
Kaggle	B-Application
community	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
February	O
2023	O
,	O
Kaggle	B-Application
introduced	O
Models	O
which	O
allows	O
users	O
to	O
discover	O
and	O
use	O
pre-trained	O
models	O
through	O
deep	O
integrations	O
with	O
the	O
rest	O
of	O
Kaggle	B-Application
’s	O
platform	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
March	O
2017	O
,	O
Fei-Fei	O
Li	O
,	O
Chief	O
Scientist	O
at	O
Google	B-Application
,	O
announced	O
that	O
Google	B-Application
was	O
acquiring	O
Kaggle	B-Application
during	O
her	O
keynote	O
at	O
Google	B-Application
Next	O
.	O
</s>
