<s>
Julia	B-Application
is	O
a	O
high-level	B-Language
,	O
general-purpose	B-Language
dynamic	B-Language
programming	I-Language
language	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Its	O
features	O
are	O
well	O
suited	O
for	O
numerical	B-General_Concept
analysis	I-General_Concept
and	O
computational	O
science	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Distinctive	O
aspects	O
of	O
Julia	B-Application
's	O
design	O
include	O
a	O
type	O
system	O
with	O
parametric	O
polymorphism	B-Application
in	O
a	O
dynamic	B-Language
programming	I-Language
language	I-Language
;	O
with	O
multiple	O
dispatch	O
as	O
its	O
core	O
programming	O
paradigm	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Julia	B-Application
supports	O
concurrent	B-Operating_System
,	O
(	O
composable	O
)	O
parallel	B-Operating_System
and	O
distributed	B-Architecture
computing	I-Architecture
(	O
with	O
or	O
without	O
using	O
MPI	B-Application
or	O
the	O
built-in	O
corresponding	O
to	O
"	O
OpenMP-style	O
"	O
threads	B-Operating_System
)	O
,	O
and	O
direct	B-Application
calling	I-Application
of	O
C	B-Language
and	O
Fortran	B-Application
libraries	O
without	O
glue	O
code	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Julia	B-Application
uses	O
a	O
just-in-time	O
(	O
JIT	O
)	O
compiler	O
that	O
is	O
referred	O
to	O
as	O
"	O
just-ahead-of-time	O
"	O
(	O
JAOT	O
)	O
in	O
the	O
Julia	B-Application
community	O
,	O
as	O
Julia	B-Application
compiles	O
all	O
code	O
(	O
by	O
default	O
)	O
to	O
machine	B-Language
code	I-Language
before	O
running	O
it	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Julia	B-Application
is	O
garbage-collected	B-General_Concept
,	O
uses	O
eager	O
evaluation	O
,	O
and	O
includes	O
efficient	O
libraries	O
for	O
floating-point	B-Algorithm
calculations	O
,	O
linear	B-Language
algebra	I-Language
,	O
random	O
number	O
generation	O
,	O
and	O
regular	B-Language
expression	I-Language
matching	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Many	O
libraries	O
are	O
available	O
,	O
including	O
some	O
(	O
e.g.	O
,	O
for	O
fast	O
Fourier	O
transforms	O
)	O
that	O
were	O
previously	O
bundled	O
with	O
Julia	B-Application
and	O
are	O
now	O
separate	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Several	O
development	O
tools	O
support	O
coding	O
in	O
Julia	B-Application
,	O
such	O
as	O
integrated	B-Application
development	I-Application
environments	I-Application
(	O
e.g.	O
</s>
<s>
for	O
Microsoft	O
's	O
Visual	B-Language
Studio	I-Language
Code	I-Language
,	O
an	O
extension	B-Application
is	O
available	O
providing	O
debugging	O
and	O
linting	B-Device
support	O
)	O
;	O
with	O
integrated	O
tools	O
,	O
e.g.	O
</s>
<s>
a	O
profiler	O
(	O
and	O
flame	O
graph	O
support	O
available	O
for	O
the	O
built-in	O
one	O
)	O
,	O
debugger	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
Rebugger.jl	O
package	O
"	O
supports	O
repeated-execution	B-Application
debugging	I-Application
"	O
and	O
more	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Julia	B-Application
works	O
with	O
other	O
languages	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Calling	O
C	B-Language
has	O
special	O
support	O
,	O
and	O
with	O
use	O
of	O
extra	O
packages	O
,	O
e.g.	O
</s>
<s>
for	O
working	O
with	O
Python	B-Language
,	O
R	B-Language
,	O
Rust	B-Application
,	O
C++	B-Language
,	O
SQL	B-Language
and	O
to	O
work	O
with	O
or	O
even	O
to	O
compile	O
to	O
JavaScript	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Julia	B-Application
can	O
be	O
compiled	O
to	O
binary	B-Application
executables	I-Application
using	O
a	O
package	O
for	O
it	O
supporting	O
all	O
Julia	B-Application
features	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Small	O
binary	B-Application
executables	I-Application
can	O
also	O
be	O
made	O
using	O
a	O
different	O
package	O
but	O
then	O
the	O
Julia	B-Application
runtime	B-Library
is	O
n't	O
included	O
in	O
the	O
executable	B-Application
,	O
e.g.	O
</s>
<s>
the	O
garbage	B-General_Concept
collector	I-General_Concept
since	O
it	O
's	O
part	O
of	O
Julia	B-Application
's	O
runtime	B-Library
,	O
i.e.	O
</s>
<s>
with	O
similar	O
limited	O
capabilities	O
to	O
the	O
C	B-Language
language	I-Language
)	O
,	O
for	O
computers	O
or	O
even	O
microcontrollers	O
with	O
2KB	O
of	O
RAM	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
default	O
,	O
Julia	B-Application
code	O
depends	O
on	O
the	O
Julia	B-Application
runtime	B-Library
to	O
support	O
all	O
Julia	B-Application
features	O
,	O
e.g.	O
</s>
<s>
threading	O
,	O
but	O
some	O
(	O
non-idiomatic	O
,	O
to	O
smaller	O
or	O
larger	O
degree	O
)	O
Julia	B-Application
code	O
can	O
be	O
compiled	O
to	O
small	O
executables	B-Application
(	O
with	O
limited	O
Julia	B-Application
capabilities	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Work	O
on	O
Julia	B-Application
was	O
started	O
in	O
2009	O
,	O
by	O
Jeff	O
Bezanson	O
,	O
Stefan	O
Karpinski	O
,	O
Viral	O
B	O
.	O
Shah	O
,	O
and	O
Alan	O
Edelman	O
,	O
who	O
set	O
out	O
to	O
create	O
a	O
free	O
language	O
that	O
was	O
both	O
high-level	B-Language
and	O
fast	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
an	O
interview	O
with	O
InfoWorld	O
in	O
April	O
2012	O
,	O
Karpinski	O
said	O
of	O
the	O
name	O
"	O
Julia	B-Application
"	O
:	O
"	O
There	O
's	O
no	O
good	O
reason	O
,	O
really	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
10	O
years	O
since	O
the	O
2012	O
launch	O
of	O
pre-1.0	O
Julia	B-Application
,	O
the	O
community	O
has	O
grown	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Julia	B-Application
package	O
ecosystem	O
has	O
over	O
11.8	O
million	O
lines	O
of	O
code	O
(	O
including	O
docs	O
and	O
tests	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
JuliaCon	O
academic	O
conference	O
for	O
Julia	B-Application
users	O
and	O
developers	O
has	O
been	O
held	O
annually	O
since	O
2014	O
with	O
JuliaCon2020	O
welcoming	O
over	O
28,900	O
unique	O
viewers	O
,	O
and	O
then	O
JuliaCon2021	O
breaking	O
all	O
previous	O
records	O
(	O
with	O
more	O
than	O
300	O
JuliaCon2021	O
presentations	O
available	O
for	O
free	O
on	O
YouTube	O
,	O
up	O
from	O
162	O
the	O
year	O
before	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
43,000	O
unique	O
viewers	O
during	O
the	O
conference	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Three	O
of	O
the	O
Julia	B-Application
co-creators	O
are	O
the	O
recipients	O
of	O
the	O
2019	O
James	O
H	O
.	O
Wilkinson	O
Prize	O
for	O
Numerical	O
Software	O
(	O
awarded	O
every	O
four	O
years	O
)	O
"	O
for	O
the	O
creation	O
of	O
Julia	B-Application
,	O
an	O
innovative	O
environment	O
for	O
the	O
creation	O
of	O
high-performance	O
tools	O
that	O
enable	O
the	O
analysis	O
and	O
solution	O
of	O
computational	O
science	O
problems.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
Also	O
,	O
Alan	O
Edelman	O
,	O
professor	O
of	O
applied	O
mathematics	O
at	O
MIT	B-License
,	O
has	O
been	O
selected	O
to	O
receive	O
the	O
2019	O
IEEE	O
Computer	O
Society	O
Sidney	O
Fernbach	O
Award	O
"	O
for	O
outstanding	O
breakthroughs	O
in	O
high-performance	O
computing	O
,	O
linear	B-Language
algebra	I-Language
,	O
and	O
computational	O
science	O
and	O
for	O
contributions	O
to	O
the	O
Julia	O
programming	O
language.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
Both	O
Julia	B-Application
0.7	O
and	O
version	O
1.0	O
were	O
released	O
on	O
8	O
August	O
2018	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Work	O
on	O
Julia	B-Application
0.7	O
was	O
a	O
"	O
huge	O
undertaking	O
"	O
(	O
e.g.	O
,	O
because	O
of	O
an	O
"	O
entirely	O
new	O
optimizer	O
"	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
some	O
changes	O
were	O
made	O
to	O
semantics	O
,	O
e.g.	O
</s>
<s>
the	O
iteration	B-Algorithm
interface	O
was	O
simplified	O
;	O
and	O
the	O
syntax	O
changed	O
a	O
little	O
(	O
with	O
the	O
syntax	O
now	O
stable	O
,	O
and	O
same	O
for	O
1.x	O
and	O
0.7	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Julia	B-Application
1.1	O
was	O
released	O
in	O
January	O
2019	O
with	O
a	O
new	O
"	O
exception	O
stack	O
"	O
feature	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Julia	B-Application
1.2	O
was	O
released	O
in	O
August	O
2019	O
with	O
some	O
built-in	O
support	O
for	O
web	O
browsers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Julia	B-Application
1.3	O
added	O
composable	O
multi-threaded	B-Operating_System
parallelism	B-Operating_System
and	O
a	O
binary	O
artifacts	O
system	O
for	O
Julia	B-Application
packages	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Julia	B-Application
1.4	O
added	O
syntax	O
for	O
generic	O
array	B-Application
indexing	O
to	O
handle	O
e.g.	O
</s>
<s>
Julia	B-Application
1.5	O
released	O
in	O
August	O
2020	O
added	O
record	B-Application
and	I-Application
replay	I-Application
debugging	I-Application
support	O
,	O
for	O
Mozilla	B-Operating_System
's	O
rr	B-Application
tool	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
release	O
changed	O
the	O
behavior	O
in	O
the	O
REPL	B-Application
(	O
soft	O
scope	O
)	O
to	O
the	O
one	O
used	O
in	O
Jupyter	O
,	O
but	O
fully	O
compatible	O
with	O
non-REPL	O
code	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Most	O
of	O
the	O
thread	B-Operating_System
API	I-Operating_System
was	O
marked	O
as	O
stable	O
,	O
and	O
with	O
this	O
release	O
"	O
arbitrary	O
immutable	O
objects	O
—	O
regardless	O
of	O
whether	O
they	O
have	O
fields	O
that	O
reference	O
mutable	O
objects	O
or	O
not	O
—	O
can	O
now	O
be	O
stack	O
allocated	O
"	O
,	O
reducing	O
heap	O
allocations	O
,	O
e.g.	O
</s>
<s>
Julia	B-Application
1.5	O
targeted	O
so-called	O
"	O
time-to-first-plot	O
"	O
performance	O
,	O
in	O
general	O
,	O
the	O
speed	O
of	O
compilation	O
itself	O
(	O
as	O
opposed	O
to	O
performance	O
of	O
the	O
generated	O
code	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
added	O
tools	O
for	O
developers	O
to	O
improve	O
package	O
loading	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Julia	B-Application
1.6	O
was	O
the	O
largest	O
release	O
since	O
1.0	O
,	O
is	O
the	O
latest/only	O
long-term	O
support	O
(	O
LTS	O
)	O
version	O
(	O
though	O
most	O
are	O
adviced	O
to	O
use	O
the	O
latest	O
stable/1.8	O
version	O
)	O
,	O
faster	O
on	O
many	O
fronts	O
,	O
e.g.	O
</s>
<s>
introduced	O
parallel	B-Operating_System
precompilation	O
and	O
faster	O
loading	O
of	O
packages	O
,	O
in	O
some	O
cases	O
"	O
50x	O
speedup	O
in	O
load	O
times	O
for	O
large	O
trees	O
of	O
binary	O
artifacts	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
of	O
version	O
1.7	O
Julia	B-Application
development	O
is	O
back	O
to	O
time-based	O
releases	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Julia	B-Application
1.7.0	O
was	O
released	O
in	O
November	O
2021	O
with	O
many	O
changes	O
,	O
e.g.	O
</s>
<s>
Julia	B-Application
1.7.3	O
was	O
released	O
on	O
25	O
May	O
2022	O
,	O
fixing	O
some	O
issues	O
,	O
including	O
at	O
least	O
one	O
security	O
update	O
,	O
and	O
1.7.x	O
is	O
no	O
longer	O
supported	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Julia	B-Application
1.8	O
was	O
released	O
in	O
2022	O
(	O
and	O
versions	O
up	O
to	O
1.8.5	O
as	O
a	O
followup	O
in	O
January	O
2023	O
,	O
both	O
fixing	O
bugs	O
(	O
backporting	O
)	O
and	O
"	O
invalidations	O
"	O
,	O
thus	O
compiling	O
faster	O
)	O
,	O
with	O
improvements	O
for	O
distributing	O
Julia	B-Application
programs	O
without	O
source	O
code	O
,	O
and	O
compiler	O
speedup	O
,	O
in	O
some	O
cases	O
by	O
25%	O
,	O
and	O
more	O
controllable	O
inlining	O
(	O
i.e.	O
</s>
<s>
now	O
also	O
allowing	O
applying	O
@inline	O
at	O
the	O
call	O
site	O
,	O
not	O
just	O
on	O
the	O
function	O
itself	O
)	O
and	O
Julia	B-Application
1.9	O
is	O
the	O
next	O
milestone	O
,	O
it	O
and	O
the	O
milestones	O
for	O
1.10	O
,	O
1.11	O
,	O
1.12	O
and	O
2.0	O
currently	O
have	O
no	O
set	O
due	O
dates	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
2014	O
,	O
the	O
Julia	B-Application
Community	O
has	O
hosted	O
an	O
annual	O
Julia	B-Application
Conference	O
focused	O
on	O
developers	O
and	O
users	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
2014	O
,	O
the	O
conference	O
has	O
taken	O
place	O
across	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
locations	O
including	O
MIT	B-License
and	O
the	O
University	O
of	O
Maryland	O
,	O
Baltimore	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
JuliaCon	O
2021	O
also	O
took	O
place	O
virtually	O
with	O
keynote	O
addresses	O
from	O
professors	O
William	O
Kahan	O
(	O
the	O
primary	O
architect	O
of	O
the	O
IEEE	O
754	O
floating-point	B-Algorithm
standard	O
,	O
which	O
his	O
keynote	O
is	O
about	O
,	O
that	O
virtually	O
all	O
CPUs	O
use	O
and	O
languages	O
,	O
including	O
Julia	B-Application
)	O
,	O
and	O
Jan	O
Vitek	O
,	O
Xiaoye	O
Sherry	O
Li	O
,	O
and	O
Soumith	O
Chintala	O
(	O
co-creator	O
of	O
PyTorch	B-Algorithm
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Julia	B-Application
language	I-Application
became	O
a	O
NumFOCUS	O
fiscally	O
sponsored	O
project	O
in	O
2014	O
in	O
an	O
effort	O
to	O
ensure	O
the	O
project	O
's	O
long-term	O
sustainability	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Jeremy	O
Kepner	O
at	O
MIT	B-License
Lincoln	O
Laboratory	O
was	O
the	O
founding	O
sponsor	O
of	O
the	O
Julia	B-Application
project	O
in	O
its	O
early	O
days	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
addition	O
,	O
funds	O
from	O
the	O
Gordon	O
and	O
Betty	O
Moore	O
Foundation	O
,	O
the	O
Alfred	O
P	O
.	O
Sloan	O
Foundation	O
,	O
Intel	O
,	O
and	O
agencies	O
such	O
as	O
NSF	O
,	O
DARPA	O
,	O
NIH	O
,	O
NASA	O
,	O
and	O
FAA	O
have	O
been	O
essential	O
to	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
Julia	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Mozilla	B-Operating_System
,	O
the	O
maker	O
of	O
Firefox	O
web	O
browser	O
,	O
with	O
its	O
research	O
grants	O
for	O
H1	O
2019	O
,	O
sponsored	O
"	O
a	O
member	O
of	O
the	O
official	O
Julia	B-Application
team	O
"	O
for	O
the	O
project	O
"	O
Bringing	O
Julia	B-Application
to	O
the	O
Browser	O
"	O
,	O
meaning	O
to	O
Firefox	O
and	O
other	O
web	O
browsers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Julia	B-Application
language	I-Application
is	O
also	O
supported	O
by	O
individual	O
donors	O
on	O
GitHub	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
JuliaHub	O
,	O
Inc	O
.	O
was	O
founded	O
in	O
2015	O
as	O
Julia	B-Application
Computing	O
,	O
Inc	O
.	O
by	O
Viral	O
B	O
.	O
Shah	O
,	O
Deepak	O
Vinchhi	O
,	O
Alan	O
Edelman	O
,	O
Jeff	O
Bezanson	O
,	O
Stefan	O
Karpinski	O
and	O
Keno	O
Fischer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
June	O
2017	O
,	O
Julia	B-Application
Computing	O
raised	O
US	O
$4.6	O
million	O
in	O
seed	O
funding	O
from	O
General	O
Catalyst	O
and	O
Founder	O
Collective	O
,	O
the	O
same	O
month	O
was	O
"	O
granted	O
$	O
910,000	O
by	O
the	O
Alfred	O
P	O
.	O
Sloan	O
Foundation	O
to	O
support	O
open-source	B-Application
Julia	B-Application
development	O
,	O
including	O
$	O
160,000	O
to	O
promote	O
diversity	O
in	O
the	O
Julia	B-Application
community	O
"	O
,	O
and	O
in	O
December	O
2019	O
the	O
company	O
got	O
$1.1	O
million	O
funding	O
from	O
the	O
US	O
government	O
to	O
"	O
develop	O
a	O
neural	O
component	O
machine	O
learning	O
tool	O
to	O
reduce	O
the	O
total	O
energy	O
consumption	O
of	O
heating	O
,	O
ventilation	O
,	O
and	O
air	O
conditioning	O
(	O
HVAC	O
)	O
systems	O
in	O
buildings	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
July	O
2021	O
,	O
Julia	B-Application
Computing	O
announced	O
they	O
raised	O
a	O
$24	O
million	O
Series	O
A	O
round	O
led	O
by	O
Dorilton	O
Ventures	O
,	O
which	O
also	O
owns	O
team	O
Williams	O
Racing	O
,	O
that	O
partnered	O
with	O
Julia	B-Application
Computing	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Williams	O
 '	O
Commercial	O
Director	O
said	O
:	O
"	O
Investing	O
in	O
companies	O
building	O
best-in-class	O
cloud	O
technology	O
is	O
a	O
strategic	O
focus	O
for	O
Dorilton	O
and	O
Julia	B-Application
's	O
versatile	O
platform	O
,	O
with	O
revolutionary	O
capabilities	O
in	O
simulation	O
and	O
modelling	O
,	O
is	O
hugely	O
relevant	O
to	O
our	O
business	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
We	O
look	O
forward	O
to	O
embedding	O
Julia	B-Application
Computing	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
's	O
most	O
technologically	O
advanced	O
sport	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Julia	B-Application
is	O
a	O
general-purpose	B-Language
programming	I-Language
language	I-Language
,	O
while	O
also	O
originally	O
designed	O
for	O
numerical/technical	O
computing	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
also	O
useful	O
for	O
low-level	O
systems	B-Application
programming	I-Application
,	O
as	O
a	O
specification	B-Application
language	I-Application
,	O
High-level	B-Language
Synthesis	O
(	O
HLS	O
)	O
tool	O
(	O
for	O
hardware	O
,	O
e.g.	O
</s>
<s>
FPGAs	B-Architecture
)	O
,	O
and	O
for	O
web	O
programming	O
at	O
both	O
server	O
and	O
client	O
side	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Multiple	O
dispatch	O
(	O
also	O
termed	O
multimethods	O
in	O
Lisp	B-Language
)	O
is	O
a	O
generalization	B-Algorithm
of	O
single	O
dispatch	O
the	O
polymorphic	B-Application
mechanism	I-Application
used	O
in	O
common	O
object-oriented	B-Language
programming	I-Language
(	O
OOP	O
)	O
languages	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
Python	B-Language
,	O
C++	B-Language
,	O
Java	B-Language
,	O
JavaScript	B-Language
,	O
and	O
Smalltalk	B-Application
that	O
uses	O
inheritance	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
Julia	B-Application
,	O
all	O
concrete	O
types	O
are	O
subtypes	O
of	O
abstract	O
types	O
,	O
directly	O
or	O
indirectly	O
subtypes	O
of	O
the	O
Any	O
type	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
the	O
top	O
of	O
the	O
type	O
hierarchy	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Concrete	O
types	O
can	O
not	O
themselves	O
be	O
subtyped	O
the	O
way	O
they	O
can	O
in	O
other	O
languages	O
;	O
composition	O
is	O
used	O
instead	O
(	O
see	O
also	O
inheritance	B-Language
vs	O
subtyping	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
default	O
,	O
the	O
Julia	B-Application
runtime	B-Library
must	O
be	O
pre-installed	O
as	O
user-provided	O
source	O
code	O
is	O
run	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Alternatively	O
,	O
a	O
standalone	O
executable	B-Application
that	O
needs	O
no	O
Julia	B-Application
source	O
code	O
can	O
be	O
built	O
with	O
e.g.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
Julia	B-Application
everything	O
is	O
an	O
object	O
(	O
e.g.	O
</s>
<s>
the	O
types	O
that	O
come	O
with	O
the	O
language	O
,	O
including	O
types	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
machine	O
integers	O
and	O
floats	B-Algorithm
,	O
which	O
do	O
not	O
have	O
lesser	O
behavior	O
like	O
in	O
many	O
OOP	O
languages	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
C++	B-Language
and	O
Java	B-Language
,	O
and	O
are	O
still	O
as	O
fast	O
as	O
possible	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
unlike	O
all	O
the	O
mainstream	O
OOP	O
languages	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
Python	B-Language
,	O
the	O
objects	O
do	O
not	O
use	O
single-dispatch	O
(	O
or	O
inheritance	B-Language
)	O
,	O
by	O
default	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
And	O
while	O
that	O
is	O
idiomatic	O
Julia	B-Application
code	O
,	O
more	O
traditional	O
OOP	O
code	O
can	O
be	O
opted	O
into	O
with	O
the	O
help	O
of	O
a	O
package	O
,	O
emulating	O
Python	B-Language
's	O
single-dispatch	O
OOP	O
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
pattern	B-Language
matching	I-Language
,	O
using	O
packages	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Julia	B-Application
's	O
syntactic	O
macros	O
(	O
used	O
for	O
metaprogramming	B-Application
)	O
,	O
like	O
Lisp	B-Language
macros	O
,	O
are	O
more	O
powerful	O
than	O
text-substitution	O
macros	O
used	O
in	O
the	O
preprocessor	B-General_Concept
of	O
some	O
other	O
languages	O
such	O
as	O
C	B-Language
,	O
because	O
they	O
work	O
at	O
the	O
level	O
of	O
abstract	B-Data_Structure
syntax	I-Data_Structure
trees	I-Data_Structure
(	O
ASTs	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Julia	B-Application
's	O
macro	O
system	O
is	O
hygienic	B-Application
,	O
but	O
also	O
supports	O
deliberate	O
capture	O
when	O
desired	O
(	O
like	O
for	O
anaphoric	B-Language
macros	I-Language
)	O
using	O
the	O
esc	O
construct	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Julia	B-Application
draws	O
inspiration	O
from	O
various	O
dialects	O
of	O
Lisp	B-Language
,	O
including	O
Scheme	B-Language
and	O
Common	B-Language
Lisp	I-Language
,	O
and	O
it	O
shares	O
many	O
features	O
with	O
Dylan	B-Language
,	O
also	O
a	O
multiple-dispatch-oriented	O
dynamic	B-Language
language	I-Language
(	O
which	O
features	O
an	O
ALGOL-like	B-Language
free-form	B-Language
infix	O
syntax	O
rather	O
than	O
a	O
Lisp-like	O
prefix	O
syntax	O
,	O
while	O
in	O
Julia	B-Application
"	O
everything	O
"	O
is	O
an	O
expression	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
with	O
Fortress	B-Language
,	O
another	O
numerical	B-General_Concept
programming	I-General_Concept
language	O
(	O
which	O
features	O
multiple	O
dispatch	O
and	O
a	O
sophisticated	O
parametric	O
type	O
system	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
While	O
Common	B-Application
Lisp	I-Application
Object	I-Application
System	I-Application
(	O
CLOS	B-Application
)	O
adds	O
multiple	O
dispatch	O
to	O
Common	B-Language
Lisp	I-Language
,	O
not	O
all	O
functions	O
are	O
generic	O
functions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
Julia	B-Application
,	O
Dylan	B-Language
,	O
and	O
Fortress	B-Language
,	O
extensibility	O
is	O
the	O
default	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
system	O
's	O
built-in	O
functions	O
are	O
all	O
generic	O
and	O
extensible	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
Dylan	B-Language
,	O
multiple	O
dispatch	O
is	O
as	O
fundamental	O
as	O
it	O
is	O
in	O
Julia	B-Application
:	O
all	O
user-defined	O
functions	O
and	O
even	O
basic	O
built-in	O
operations	O
like	O
+	O
are	O
generic	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Dylan	B-Language
's	O
type	O
system	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
does	O
not	O
fully	O
support	O
parametric	O
types	O
,	O
which	O
are	O
more	O
typical	O
of	O
the	O
ML	O
lineage	O
of	O
languages	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
default	O
,	O
CLOS	B-Application
does	O
not	O
allow	O
for	O
dispatch	O
on	O
Common	B-Language
Lisp	I-Language
's	O
parametric	O
types	O
;	O
such	O
extended	O
dispatch	O
semantics	O
can	O
only	O
be	O
added	O
as	O
an	O
extension	B-Application
through	O
the	O
CLOS	B-Application
Metaobject	O
Protocol	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
convergent	O
design	O
,	O
Fortress	B-Language
also	O
features	O
multiple	O
dispatch	O
on	O
parametric	O
types	O
;	O
unlike	O
Julia	B-Application
,	O
however	O
,	O
Fortress	B-Language
is	O
statically	O
rather	O
than	O
dynamically	O
typed	O
,	O
with	O
separate	O
compiling	O
and	O
executing	O
phases	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
example	O
of	O
the	O
extensibility	O
of	O
Julia	B-Application
,	O
the	O
Unitful.jl	O
package	O
adds	O
support	O
for	O
physical	O
units	O
of	O
measurement	O
to	O
the	O
language	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Julia	B-Application
official	O
distribution	O
includes	O
an	O
interactive	O
command-line	O
read	B-Application
–	I-Application
eval	I-Application
–	I-Application
print	I-Application
loop	I-Application
(	O
REPL	B-Application
)	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
searchable	O
history	O
,	O
tab	O
completion	O
,	O
and	O
dedicated	O
help	O
and	O
shell	B-Operating_System
modes	O
,	O
which	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
experiment	O
and	O
test	O
code	O
quickly	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
REPL	B-Application
gives	O
user	O
access	O
to	O
the	O
system	B-Operating_System
shell	I-Operating_System
and	O
to	O
help	O
mode	O
,	O
by	O
pressing	O
;	O
or	O
?	O
</s>
<s>
Code	O
can	O
be	O
tested	O
inside	O
Julia	B-Application
's	O
interactive	O
session	O
or	O
saved	O
into	O
a	O
file	O
with	O
a	O
.jl	B-Application
extension	B-Application
and	O
run	B-Device
from	O
the	O
command	O
line	O
by	O
typing	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Julia	B-Application
uses	O
UTF-8	O
,	O
e.g.	O
</s>
<s>
uses	O
LaTeX	B-Application
codes	O
,	O
or	O
also	O
possible	O
by	O
simply	O
copy-pasting	O
,	O
e.g.	O
</s>
<s>
Julia	B-Application
has	O
support	O
for	O
Unicode	O
14.0	O
(	O
from	O
2021	O
,	O
and	O
1.9-rc1	O
supports	O
the	O
latest	O
Unicode	O
15.0	O
)	O
,	O
for	O
the	O
languages	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
,	O
even	O
for	O
source	O
code	O
,	O
e.g.	O
</s>
<s>
Julia	B-Application
is	O
supported	O
by	O
Jupyter	O
,	O
an	O
online	O
interactive	O
"	O
notebooks	O
"	O
environment	O
,	O
and	O
,	O
a	O
"	O
reactive	O
notebook	O
"	O
(	O
where	O
notebooks	O
are	O
saved	O
as	O
pure	O
Julia	B-Application
files	O
)	O
,	O
a	O
possible	O
replacement	O
for	O
the	O
former	O
kind	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
addition	O
Posit	O
's	O
(	O
formerly	O
RStudio	B-Application
Inc	O
's	O
)	O
Quarto	O
publishing	O
system	O
supports	O
Julia	B-Application
,	O
Python	B-Language
,	O
R	B-Language
and	O
Observable	O
JavaScript	B-Language
(	O
those	O
languages	O
have	O
official	O
support	O
by	O
the	O
company	O
,	O
and	O
can	O
even	O
be	O
weaved	O
together	O
in	O
the	O
same	O
notebook	O
document	O
,	O
more	O
languages	O
are	O
unofficially	O
supported	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
REPL	B-Application
can	O
be	O
extended	O
with	O
additional	O
modes	O
,	O
and	O
has	O
been	O
with	O
packages	O
,	O
e.g.	O
</s>
<s>
with	O
an	O
SQL	B-Language
mode	O
,	O
for	O
database	O
access	O
,	O
and	O
RCall.jl	O
adds	O
an	O
,	O
to	O
work	O
with	O
the	O
R	B-Language
language	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Julia	B-Application
is	O
in	O
practice	O
interoperable	O
with	O
other	O
languages	O
(	O
e.g.	O
</s>
<s>
Julia	B-Application
's	O
keyword	O
is	O
used	O
to	O
call	O
shared	O
library	O
functions	O
individually	O
(	O
such	O
as	O
for	O
written	O
in	O
C	B-Language
or	O
Fortran	B-Application
)	O
,	O
and	O
packages	O
are	O
available	O
to	O
allow	O
calling	O
other	O
languages	O
(	O
which	O
do	O
not	O
provide	O
C-exported	O
functions	O
directly	O
)	O
e.g.	O
</s>
<s>
Python	B-Language
(	O
with	O
PythonCall.jl	O
)	O
,	O
R	B-Language
,	O
MATLAB	B-Language
,	O
C#	O
(	O
and	O
other	O
.NET	O
languages	O
with	O
DotNET.jl	O
,	O
from	O
them	O
with	O
JdotNET	O
)	O
,	O
JavaScript	B-Language
,	O
Java	B-Language
(	O
and	O
other	O
JVM	O
languages	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
Scala	O
with	O
JavaCall.jl	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
And	O
packages	O
for	O
other	O
languages	O
allow	O
to	O
call	O
to	O
Julia	B-Application
,	O
e.g.	O
</s>
<s>
from	O
Python	B-Language
,	O
R	B-Language
,	O
Rust	B-Application
,	O
Ruby	B-Language
,	O
or	O
C#	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Such	O
as	O
with	O
juliacall	O
(	O
part	O
of	O
PythonCall.jl	O
,	O
pyjulia	O
is	O
a	O
different	O
option	O
)	O
to	O
call	O
from	O
Python	B-Language
and	O
a	O
different	O
JuliaCall	O
package	O
for	O
from	O
R	B-Language
.	O
Julia	B-Application
has	O
also	O
been	O
used	O
for	O
hardware	O
,	O
i.e.	O
</s>
<s>
to	O
compile	O
to	O
VHDL	B-Language
,	O
as	O
a	O
High-level	B-Language
Synthesis	O
(	O
HLS	O
)	O
tool	O
(	O
for	O
e.g.	O
</s>
<s>
FPGAs	B-Architecture
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Julia	B-Application
has	O
packages	O
supporting	O
markup	O
languages	O
such	O
as	O
HTML	B-Language
(	O
and	O
also	O
for	O
HTTP	B-Protocol
)	O
,	O
XML	B-Protocol
,	O
JSON	B-General_Concept
and	O
BSON	B-Protocol
,	O
and	O
for	O
databases	O
(	O
such	O
as	O
PostgreSQL	O
,	O
Mongo	O
,	O
Oracle	O
,	O
including	O
for	O
TimesTen	B-Application
,	O
MySQL	O
,	O
SQLite	O
,	O
Microsoft	O
SQL	B-Language
Server	O
,	O
Amazon	B-Application
Redshift	O
,	O
Vertica	O
,	O
ODBC	O
)	O
and	O
web	O
use	O
in	O
general	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Julia	B-Application
has	O
a	O
built-in	O
package	B-Application
manager	I-Application
and	O
includes	O
a	O
default	O
registry	O
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Packages	O
are	O
most	O
often	O
distributed	O
as	O
source	O
code	O
hosted	O
on	O
GitHub	B-Application
,	O
though	O
alternatives	O
can	O
also	O
be	O
used	O
just	O
as	O
well	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Julia	B-Application
's	O
package	B-Application
manager	I-Application
is	O
used	O
to	O
query	O
and	O
compile	O
packages	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
managing	O
environments	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Julia	B-Application
's	O
core	O
is	O
implemented	O
in	O
Julia	B-Application
and	O
C	B-Language
,	O
together	O
with	O
C++	B-Language
for	O
the	O
LLVM	B-Application
dependency	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
code	O
parsing	O
and	O
code-lowering	O
are	O
currently	O
implemented	O
in	O
FemtoLisp	B-Application
,	O
a	O
Scheme	B-Language
dialect	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
the	O
FemtoLisp	B-Application
parser	O
can	O
be	O
switched	O
out	O
at	B-Library
runtime	I-Library
with	O
the	O
pure-Julia	O
package	O
JuliaSyntax.jl	O
,	O
which	O
improves	O
speed	O
and	O
"	O
greatly	O
improves	O
parser	O
error	O
messages	O
in	O
various	O
cases	O
,	O
"	O
and	O
will	O
replace	O
the	O
FemtoLisp	B-Application
parser	O
starting	O
in	O
version	O
1.10	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
LLVM	B-Application
compiler	O
infrastructure	O
project	O
is	O
used	O
as	O
the	O
back	O
end	O
for	O
generating	O
optimized	O
machine	B-Language
code	I-Language
for	O
all	O
commonly-used	O
platforms	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
With	O
some	O
exceptions	O
,	O
the	O
standard	B-Library
library	I-Library
is	O
implemented	O
in	O
Julia	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Julia	B-Application
has	O
tier	O
1	O
macOS	B-Application
support	O
,	O
meaning	O
for	O
Intel-based	O
Macs	O
,	O
but	O
also	O
for	O
the	O
new	O
Apple	O
M1-based	O
Macs	O
,	O
by	O
either	O
running	O
in	O
Rosetta	O
2	O
emulation	O
,	O
or	O
,	O
while	O
then	O
,	O
with	O
tier	O
2	O
native	O
(	O
non-Rosetta	O
)	O
support	O
with	O
Julia	B-Application
1.8	O
(	O
unlike	O
the	O
older	O
LTS	O
version	O
of	O
Julia	B-Application
which	O
only	O
has	O
tier	O
3	O
(	O
experimental	O
)	O
support	O
;	O
Windows	B-Operating_System
on	I-Operating_System
ARM	I-Operating_System
has	O
no	O
official	O
support	O
yet	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
without	O
emulation	O
)	O
is	O
mostly	O
done	O
,	O
and	O
many	O
programs	O
work	O
with	O
Julia	B-Application
1.8.0	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Julia	B-Application
was	O
prior	O
to	O
1.8.0	O
claimed	O
to	O
work	O
"	O
ok	O
"	O
on	O
M1	B-Device
Macs	O
(	O
at	O
reduced	O
performance	O
)	O
through	O
the	O
(	O
automatic	O
)	O
use	O
of	O
Rosetta	O
2	O
(	O
that	O
needs	O
to	O
emulate	O
Julia	B-Application
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Julia	B-Application
has	O
four	O
support	O
tiers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
All	O
IA-32	B-Device
processors	O
completely	O
implementing	O
the	O
i686	B-Device
subarchitecture	O
are	O
supported	O
and	O
all	O
64-bit	O
x86-64	O
(	O
aka	O
amd64	B-Device
)	O
,	O
i.e.	O
</s>
<s>
ARMv8	O
(	O
AArch64	B-Architecture
)	O
processors	O
are	O
supported	O
on	O
second	O
tier	O
,	O
and	O
ARMv7	O
and	O
ARMv6	O
(	O
AArch32	O
)	O
are	O
supported	O
with	O
some	O
caveats	O
(	O
lower	O
tier	O
)	O
for	O
Julia	B-Application
1.0.x	O
and	O
also	O
had	O
official	O
executables	B-Application
for	O
later	O
versions	O
,	O
while	O
32-bit	O
ARM	B-Architecture
support	O
was	O
later	O
downgraded	O
to	O
tier	O
3	O
(	O
however	O
,	O
unofficial	O
binaries	O
are	O
available	O
for	O
Julia	B-Application
1.5.1	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Hundreds	O
of	O
packages	O
are	O
GPU-accelerated	B-Architecture
:	O
CUDA	B-Architecture
(	O
i.e.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
are	O
also	O
additionally	O
packages	O
supporting	O
other	O
accelerators	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
Google	O
's	O
TPUs	B-Device
,	O
and	O
some	O
Intel	O
(	O
integrated	O
)	O
GPUs	O
,	O
through	O
oneAPI.jl	B-Operating_System
,	O
and	O
AMD	O
's	O
GPUs	O
have	O
support	O
with	O
e.g.	O
</s>
<s>
OpenCL	B-Application
;	O
and	O
experimental	O
support	O
for	O
the	O
AMD	O
ROCm	B-Operating_System
stack	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Julia	B-Application
's	O
downloads	O
page	O
provides	O
executables	B-Application
(	O
and	O
source	O
)	O
for	O
all	O
the	O
officially	O
supported	O
platforms	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
some	O
platforms	O
,	O
Julia	B-Application
may	O
need	O
to	O
be	O
compiled	O
from	O
source	O
code	O
(	O
e.g.	O
,	O
the	O
original	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
)	O
,	O
with	O
specific	O
build	O
options	O
,	O
which	O
has	O
been	O
done	O
and	O
unofficial	O
pre-built	O
binaries	O
(	O
and	O
build	O
instructions	O
)	O
are	O
available	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
for	O
several	O
ARM	B-Architecture
platforms	O
,	O
from	O
small	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pis	I-Operating_System
to	O
(	O
recent	O
)	O
top-1	O
supercomputer	O
Fugaku	B-Device
's	O
ARM-based	O
A64FX	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
PowerPC	B-Architecture
(	O
64-bit	O
)	O
has	O
tier	O
3	O
support	O
,	O
meaning	O
it	O
"	O
may	O
or	O
may	O
not	O
build	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Julia	B-Application
is	O
now	O
supported	O
in	O
Raspbian	B-Application
while	O
support	O
is	O
better	O
for	O
newer	O
Pis	O
,	O
e.g.	O
,	O
those	O
with	O
ARMv7	O
or	O
newer	O
;	O
the	O
Julia	B-Application
support	O
is	O
promoted	O
by	O
the	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
Foundation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
is	O
also	O
support	O
for	O
web	O
browsers/JavaScript	O
through	O
JSExpr.jl	O
;	O
and	O
the	O
alternative	O
language	O
of	O
web	O
browsers	O
,	O
WebAssembly	B-Language
,	O
has	O
minimal	O
support	O
for	O
several	O
upcoming	O
external	O
Julia	B-Application
projects	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Julia	B-Application
can	O
compile	O
to	O
ARM	B-Architecture
;	O
thus	O
,	O
in	O
theory	O
,	O
Android	B-Application
apps	O
can	O
be	O
made	O
with	O
the	O
NDK	O
,	O
but	O
for	O
now	O
Julia	B-Application
has	O
been	O
made	O
to	O
run	B-Device
under	O
Android	B-Application
only	O
indirectly	O
,	O
i.e.	O
</s>
<s>
with	O
a	O
Ubuntu	O
chroot	B-Application
on	O
Android	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
While	O
Julia	B-Application
requires	O
an	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
by	O
default	O
,	O
and	O
has	O
no	O
official	O
support	O
to	O
run	B-Device
without	O
or	O
on	O
embedded	B-Architecture
system	I-Architecture
platforms	O
like	O
Arduino	O
,	O
Julia	B-Application
code	O
has	O
still	O
been	O
run	B-Device
,	O
with	O
some	O
limitations	O
,	O
on	O
a	O
baremetal	O
16MHz	O
8-bit	O
AVR-microcontroller	B-Architecture
Arduino	O
with	O
2KB	O
RAM	O
(	O
plus	O
32KB	O
of	O
flash	O
memory	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Julia	B-Application
has	O
been	O
adopted	O
at	O
many	O
universities	O
including	O
MIT	B-License
,	O
Stanford	O
,	O
and	O
UC	O
Berkeley	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Large	O
private	O
firms	O
across	O
many	O
sectors	O
have	O
adopted	O
the	O
language	O
including	O
Amazon	B-Application
,	O
IBM	O
,	O
JP	O
Morgan	O
AI	O
Research	O
,	O
and	O
ASML	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Julia	B-Application
has	O
also	O
been	O
used	O
by	O
government	O
agencies	O
including	O
NASA	O
and	O
the	O
FAA	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
every	O
US	O
national	O
energy	O
laboratory	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Amazon	B-Application
uses	O
Julia	B-Application
for	O
quantum	B-Architecture
computing	I-Architecture
,	O
or	O
rather	O
allows	O
users	O
with	O
their	O
Julia	B-Application
packages	O
to	O
run	B-Device
on	O
the	O
"	O
state-of-the-art	O
quantum	O
hardware	O
and	O
simulators	O
"	O
Amazon	B-Application
provides	O
and	O
use	O
all	O
of	O
the	O
features	O
(	O
of	O
Amazon	B-Application
Braket	O
)	O
,	O
e.g.	O
</s>
<s>
superconducting	O
,	O
trapped	O
ion	O
,	O
neutral-atom	O
,	O
and	O
photonic	O
quantum	B-Architecture
computers	I-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
latest	O
new	O
device	O
,	O
QuEra	O
's	O
Aquila	O
(	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
of	O
the	O
Julia	B-Application
package	O
announcement	O
)	O
operates	O
up	O
to	O
256	O
qubits	O
in	O
analog	O
mode	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Amazon	B-Application
AWS	I-Application
also	O
supports	O
Julia	B-Application
(	O
users	O
)	O
in	O
other	O
(	O
non-quantum	O
)	O
ways	O
,	O
e.g.	O
</s>
<s>
with	O
Amazon	B-General_Concept
SageMaker	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
ASML	O
,	O
the	O
word	O
's	O
largest	O
largest	O
supplier	O
of	O
photolithography	B-Algorithm
systems	O
for	O
the	O
semiconductor	O
industry	O
(	O
and	O
Europe	O
's	O
largest	O
tech	O
company	O
)	O
,	O
uses	O
Julia	B-Application
(	O
did	O
previously	O
use	O
MATLAB	B-Language
and	O
C++	B-Language
,	O
can	O
replace	O
with	O
one	O
language	O
,	O
Julia	B-Application
,	O
both	O
for	O
research	O
and	O
for	O
production	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
does	O
hard	O
real-time	O
work	O
with	O
their	O
machines	O
;	O
has	O
over	O
136	O
Julia	B-Application
packages	O
,	O
most	O
of	O
which	O
are	O
private	O
,	O
while	O
they	O
've	O
also	O
open-sourced	O
on	O
their	O
public	O
Github	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Climate	O
Modeling	O
Alliance	O
selected	O
Julia	B-Application
for	O
implementing	O
their	O
next	O
generation	O
global	O
climate	O
model	O
to	O
provide	O
insight	O
into	O
the	O
effects	O
and	O
challenges	O
of	O
climate	O
change	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CERN	O
uses	O
Julia	B-Application
to	O
analyze	O
data	O
from	O
the	O
Large	O
Hadron	O
Collider	O
(	O
LHCb	O
experiment	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
NASA	O
and	O
the	O
Jet	O
Propulsion	O
Laboratory	O
use	O
Julia	B-Application
to	O
model	O
spacecraft	O
separation	O
dynamics	O
,	O
analyze	O
TRAPPIST	O
exoplanet	O
datasets	O
,	O
and	O
cosmic	O
microwave	O
background	O
data	O
from	O
the	O
Big	B-Application
Bang	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Brazilian	O
INPE	O
uses	O
Julia	B-Application
to	O
plan	O
space	O
missions	O
and	O
simulate	O
satellites	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Embedded	B-Architecture
hardware	I-Architecture
to	O
plan	O
and	O
execute	O
flight	O
of	O
autonomous	O
U.S.	O
Air	O
Force	O
Research	O
Laboratory	O
VTOL	O
drones	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Julia	B-Application
is	O
widely	O
used	O
for	O
drug	O
development	O
in	O
the	O
pharmaceutical	O
industry	O
,	O
having	O
been	O
adopted	O
by	O
Moderna	O
,	O
Pfizer	O
,	O
AstraZeneca	O
,	O
Procter	O
&	O
Gamble	O
,	O
and	O
United	O
Therapeutics	O
.	O
</s>
