<s>
Jolie	B-Language
(	O
Java	B-Language
Orchestration	O
Language	O
Interpreter	B-Application
Engine	O
)	O
is	O
an	O
open-source	B-Application
programming	O
language	O
for	O
developing	O
distributed	B-Architecture
applications	I-Architecture
based	O
on	O
microservices	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
programming	O
paradigm	O
proposed	O
with	O
Jolie	B-Language
,	O
each	O
program	O
is	O
a	O
service	O
that	O
can	O
communicate	O
with	O
other	O
programs	O
by	O
sending	O
and	O
receiving	O
messages	O
over	O
a	O
network	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Jolie	B-Language
supports	O
an	O
abstraction	O
layer	O
that	O
allows	O
services	O
to	O
communicate	O
using	O
different	O
mediums	O
,	O
ranging	O
from	O
TCP/IP	B-Protocol
sockets	B-Protocol
to	O
local	O
in-memory	O
communications	O
between	O
processes	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Jolie	B-Language
is	O
currently	O
supported	O
by	O
an	O
interpreter	B-Application
implemented	O
in	O
the	O
Java	B-Language
language	I-Language
,	O
which	O
can	O
be	O
run	O
in	O
multiple	O
operating	O
systems	O
including	O
Linux-based	B-Application
operating	O
systems	O
,	O
OS	B-Operating_System
X	I-Operating_System
,	O
and	O
Windows	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
language	O
comes	O
with	O
formal	B-Application
semantics	I-Application
,	O
meaning	O
that	O
the	O
execution	O
of	O
Jolie	B-Language
programs	O
is	O
mathematically	O
defined	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
this	O
reason	O
,	O
Jolie	B-Language
is	O
used	O
in	O
research	O
for	O
the	O
investigation	O
of	O
language-based	O
techniques	O
for	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
distributed	B-Architecture
systems	I-Architecture
,	O
and	O
it	O
is	O
also	O
used	O
for	O
teaching	O
at	O
some	O
universities	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Jolie	B-Language
open	O
source	O
project	O
was	O
started	O
by	O
Fabrizio	O
Montesi	O
in	O
2006	O
,	O
as	O
part	O
of	O
his	O
studies	O
at	O
the	O
University	O
of	O
Bologna	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Jolie	B-Language
extends	O
SOCK	O
with	O
support	O
for	O
,	O
e.g.	O
,	O
tree-like	O
data	O
structures	O
(	O
inspired	O
by	O
XML	B-Protocol
,	O
but	O
with	O
a	O
syntax	O
resembling	O
that	O
of	O
C	B-Language
and	O
Java	B-Language
)	O
,	O
message	O
types	O
,	O
typed	O
session	O
programming	O
,	O
integration	O
with	O
Java	B-Language
and	O
JavaScript	B-Language
,	O
code	B-Operating_System
mobility	I-Operating_System
,	O
application	B-Application
containment	I-Application
,	O
and	O
web	O
programming	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
project	O
is	O
currently	O
maintained	B-General_Concept
by	O
Fabrizio	O
Montesi	O
and	O
its	O
evolution	O
is	O
driven	O
by	O
Fabrizio	O
Montesi	O
and	O
Claudio	O
Guidi	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
it	O
supports	O
the	O
orchestration	O
of	O
web	O
services	O
,	O
Jolie	B-Language
is	O
an	O
alternative	O
to	O
XML-based	O
orchestration	O
languages	O
such	O
as	O
WS-BPEL	O
as	O
it	O
offers	O
a	O
concise	O
(	O
C-like	O
)	O
syntax	O
for	O
accessing	O
XML-like	O
data	O
structures	O
.	O
</s>
