<s>
Joint	B-Application
Expert	I-Application
Speciation	I-Application
System	I-Application
(	O
JESS	B-Application
)	O
is	O
a	O
package	O
of	O
computer	O
software	O
and	O
data	O
developed	O
collaboratively	O
at	O
Murdoch	O
University	O
and	O
elsewhere	O
by	O
researchers	O
interested	O
in	O
the	O
chemical	O
thermodynamics	O
of	O
water	O
solutions	O
with	O
important	O
applications	O
in	O
industry	O
,	O
biochemistry	O
,	O
medicine	O
and	O
the	O
environment	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Using	O
information	O
from	O
the	O
chemical	O
literature	O
,	O
stored	O
in	O
databases	O
for	O
numerous	O
chemical	O
properties	O
,	O
JESS	B-Application
achieves	O
coherence	O
between	O
frequently	O
conflicting	O
sources	O
by	O
automatic	O
methods	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
JESS	B-Application
places	O
a	O
strong	O
emphasis	O
on	O
the	O
concept	O
of	O
chemical	O
speciation	O
(	O
i.e.	O
</s>
<s>
Recent	O
examples	O
of	O
practical	O
problems	O
that	O
can	O
be	O
investigated	O
by	O
JESS	B-Application
include	O
kidney	O
stones	O
(	O
mineral	O
precipitation	O
and	O
dissolution	O
in	O
the	O
kidney	O
)	O
and	O
Wilson	O
’s	O
disease	O
(	O
copper	O
physiology	O
in	O
the	O
human	O
eye	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
At	O
the	O
core	O
of	O
the	O
software	O
package	O
is	O
a	O
thermodynamic	O
database	O
called	O
the	O
‘	O
JESS	B-Application
Parent	O
Database’	O
(	O
JPD	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
