<s>
In	O
computing	O
,	O
Java	B-Application
Web	I-Application
Start	I-Application
(	O
also	O
known	O
as	O
JavaWS	B-Application
,	O
javaws	B-Application
or	O
JAWS	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
deprecated	O
framework	B-Architecture
developed	O
by	O
Sun	O
Microsystems	O
(	O
now	O
Oracle	B-Application
)	O
that	O
allows	O
users	O
to	O
start	O
application	B-Application
software	I-Application
for	O
the	O
Java	B-Device
Platform	I-Device
directly	O
from	O
the	O
Internet	O
using	O
a	O
web	B-Application
browser	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
technology	O
enables	O
seamless	O
version	O
updating	O
for	O
globally	O
distributed	O
applications	O
and	O
greater	O
control	O
of	O
memory	O
allocation	O
to	O
the	O
Java	B-Language
virtual	I-Language
machine	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Java	B-Application
Web	I-Application
Start	I-Application
was	O
distributed	O
as	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
Java	B-Device
Platform	I-Device
until	O
being	O
removed	O
in	O
Java	B-Language
SE	I-Language
11	O
,	O
following	O
its	O
deprecation	O
in	O
Java	B-Language
SE	I-Language
9	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
code	O
for	O
Java	B-Application
Web	I-Application
Start	I-Application
was	O
not	O
released	O
by	O
Oracle	B-Application
as	O
part	O
of	O
OpenJDK	B-Language
,	O
and	O
thus	O
OpenJDK	B-Language
originally	O
did	O
not	O
support	O
it	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
IcedTea-Web	O
provides	O
an	O
independent	O
open	B-License
source	I-License
implementation	O
of	O
Java	B-Application
Web	I-Application
Start	I-Application
that	O
is	O
currently	O
developed	O
by	O
the	O
AdoptOpenJDK	B-Language
community	O
,	O
RedHat	O
and	O
Karakun	O
AG	O
,	O
and	O
which	O
is	O
bundled	O
in	O
the	O
official	O
OpenJDK	B-Language
installer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Next	O
to	O
this	O
OpenWebStart	O
provides	O
an	O
open	B-License
source	I-License
based	O
implementation	O
that	O
is	O
based	O
on	O
IcedTea-Web	O
but	O
offers	O
more	O
features	O
and	O
commercial	O
support	O
options	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Unlike	O
Java	B-Application
applets	I-Application
,	O
Web	B-Application
Start	I-Application
applications	O
do	O
not	O
run	O
inside	O
the	O
browser	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Web	B-Application
Start	I-Application
has	O
an	O
advantage	O
over	O
applets	O
in	O
that	O
it	O
overcomes	O
many	O
compatibility	O
problems	O
with	O
browsers	B-Application
 '	O
Java	B-Application
plugins	I-Application
and	O
different	O
JVM	B-Language
versions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Web	B-Application
Start	I-Application
programs	O
are	O
no	O
longer	O
an	O
integrated	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
web	O
page	O
,	O
they	O
are	O
independent	O
applications	O
that	O
run	O
in	O
a	O
separate	O
frame	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Web	B-Application
Start	I-Application
can	O
also	O
launch	O
unmodified	O
applets	O
that	O
are	O
packaged	O
inside	O
.jar	B-Language
files	O
,	O
by	O
writing	O
the	O
appropriate	O
JNLP	B-Application
file	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Like	O
applets	O
,	O
Java	B-Application
Web	I-Application
Start	I-Application
is	O
cross-platform	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
With	O
JDK9	O
,	O
several	O
deployment	O
technologies	O
including	O
applets	O
and	O
Java	B-Application
Web	I-Application
Start	I-Application
were	O
deprecated	O
by	O
Oracle	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
March	O
2018	O
,	O
Oracle	B-Application
announced	O
it	O
will	O
not	O
include	O
Java	B-Application
Web	I-Application
Start	I-Application
in	O
Java	B-Language
SE	I-Language
11	O
(	O
18.9	O
LTS	O
)	O
and	O
later	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
browser	B-Application
downloads	O
this	O
file	O
as	O
any	O
other	O
and	O
(	O
following	O
its	O
MIME	B-Application
type	I-Application
,	O
application/x	O
-java-jnlp-file	O
)	O
opens	O
it	O
with	O
Web	B-Application
Start	I-Application
tool	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Web	B-Application
Start	I-Application
tool	O
downloads	O
all	O
necessary	O
resources	O
and	O
launches	O
the	O
application	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Java	B-Application
Web	I-Application
Start	I-Application
provides	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
classes	O
in	O
the	O
javax.jnlp	O
package	B-Language
which	O
provide	O
various	O
services	O
to	O
the	O
application	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Sun	O
introduced	O
version	O
1.0	O
of	O
Web	B-Application
Start	I-Application
in	O
March	O
2001	O
,	O
while	O
64-bit	O
Windows	O
support	O
was	O
added	O
only	O
in	O
Java	B-Device
6	O
(	O
later	O
than	O
64-bit	O
Java	B-Device
was	O
first	O
available	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
J2SE	B-Language
1.4	O
Web	B-Application
Start	I-Application
comes	O
as	O
a	O
default	O
part	O
of	O
Java	B-Language
Runtime	I-Language
Environment	O
(	O
JRE	O
)	O
called	O
javaws	B-Application
,	O
computer	O
administrators	O
no	O
longer	O
have	O
to	O
install	O
it	O
separately	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Programmers	O
often	O
speak	O
of	O
the	O
Java	B-Device
Network	O
Launching	O
Protocol	O
(	O
JNLP	O
)	O
interchangeably	O
with	O
the	O
term	O
"	O
Web	B-Application
Start	I-Application
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
JNLP	O
protocol	O
,	O
defined	O
with	O
an	O
XML	B-Language
schema	I-Language
,	O
specifies	O
how	O
to	O
launch	O
Java	B-Application
Web	I-Application
Start	I-Application
applications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
JNLP	B-Application
files	I-Application
include	O
information	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
location	O
of	O
the	O
jar	B-Language
package	B-Language
file	O
and	O
the	O
name	O
of	O
the	O
main	O
class	O
for	O
the	O
application	O
,	O
in	O
addition	O
to	O
any	O
other	O
parameters	O
for	O
the	O
program	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
properly	O
configured	O
browser	B-Application
passes	O
JNLP	B-Application
files	I-Application
to	O
a	O
Java	B-Language
Runtime	I-Language
Environment	O
(	O
JRE	O
)	O
which	O
in	O
turn	O
downloads	O
the	O
application	O
onto	O
the	O
user	O
's	O
machine	O
and	O
starts	O
executing	O
it	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
development	O
of	O
JNLP	O
took	O
place	O
under	O
the	O
Java	B-Language
Community	I-Language
Process	I-Language
as	O
JSR	B-Application
56	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Important	O
Web	B-Application
Start	I-Application
features	O
include	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
automatically	O
download	O
and	O
install	O
a	O
JRE	O
in	O
the	O
case	O
where	O
the	O
user	O
does	O
not	O
have	O
Java	B-Device
installed	O
,	O
and	O
for	O
programmers	O
to	O
specify	O
which	O
JRE	O
version	O
a	O
given	O
program	O
needs	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
execute	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
user	O
does	O
not	O
have	O
to	O
remain	O
connected	O
to	O
the	O
Internet	O
to	O
execute	O
the	O
downloaded	O
programs	O
,	O
because	O
they	O
execute	O
from	O
a	O
locally	O
maintained	O
cache	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Any	O
computer	O
user	O
can	O
use	O
JNLP	O
simply	O
by	O
installing	O
a	O
JNLP	O
client	O
(	O
most	O
commonly	O
Java	B-Application
Web	I-Application
Start	I-Application
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
installation	O
can	O
occur	O
automatically	O
such	O
that	O
the	O
end-user	O
sees	O
the	O
client	O
launcher	O
downloading	O
and	O
installing	O
the	O
Java	B-Device
application	O
when	O
first	O
executed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
rendering	O
an	O
HTML	O
webpage	O
,	O
after	O
the	O
user	O
clicks	O
on	O
a	O
weblink	O
,	O
the	O
browser	B-Application
submits	O
a	O
URL	O
to	O
a	O
webserver	B-Application
,	O
which	O
replies	O
with	O
an	O
HTML	O
file	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
browser	B-Application
then	O
requests	O
the	O
resources	O
referred	O
to	O
by	O
this	O
file	O
(	O
images	O
,	O
css	B-Language
)	O
,	O
and	O
finally	O
renders	O
the	O
page	O
once	O
it	O
has	O
received	O
enough	O
information	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
JNLP	O
mirrors	O
this	O
process	O
;	O
in	O
the	O
same	O
way	O
that	O
a	O
Web	B-Application
browser	I-Application
renders	O
a	O
webpage	O
,	O
a	O
JNLP	O
client	O
"	O
renders	O
"	O
a	O
Java	B-Device
app	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
After	O
the	O
user	O
clicks	O
on	O
a	O
weblink	O
,	O
the	O
browser	B-Application
submits	O
a	O
URL	O
to	O
a	O
webserver	B-Application
,	O
which	O
replies	O
with	O
a	O
JNLP	B-Application
file	I-Application
(	O
instead	O
of	O
a	O
HTML	O
file	O
)	O
for	O
the	O
application	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
JNLP	O
client	O
parses	O
this	O
file	O
,	O
requests	O
the	O
resources	O
specified	O
(	O
jar	B-Language
files	I-Language
)	O
,	O
waits	O
for	O
the	O
retrieval	O
of	O
all	O
required	O
resources	O
,	O
and	O
then	O
launches	O
the	O
application	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
JNLP	B-Application
file	I-Application
can	O
list	O
resources	O
as	O
"	O
lazy	O
"	O
,	O
which	O
informs	O
the	O
JNLP	O
client	O
that	O
the	O
application	O
does	O
not	O
need	O
those	O
resources	O
to	O
start	O
,	O
but	O
can	O
retrieve	O
them	O
later	O
on	O
when/if	O
the	O
application	O
requests	O
them	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
example	O
below	O
gives	O
a	O
simple	O
JNLP	B-Application
file	I-Application
to	O
launch	O
the	O
applet	O
,	O
specifying	O
code	O
base	O
,	O
source	O
,	O
main	O
class	O
and	O
window	O
size	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
To	O
reduce	O
the	O
size	O
of	O
a	O
Java	B-Application
Web	I-Application
Start	I-Application
application	O
Sun	O
Microsystems	O
introduced	O
a	O
compression	O
system	O
called	O
Pack200	B-Language
in	O
Java	B-Device
1.5.0	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
can	O
compress	O
a	O
large	O
jar	B-Language
file	I-Language
to	O
one-ninth	O
of	O
its	O
original	O
size	O
if	O
it	O
contains	O
only	O
Java	B-Device
classes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Java	B-Application
Web	I-Application
Start	I-Application
has	O
supported	O
Pack200	B-Language
since	O
it	O
first	O
appeared	O
,	O
but	O
initially	O
this	O
feature	O
required	O
server-side	O
cooperation	O
and	O
a	O
certain	O
amount	O
of	O
expertise	O
to	O
set	O
up	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
Sun	O
introduced	O
Java	B-Language
SE	I-Language
6u10	O
,	O
Pack200	B-Language
support	O
became	O
available	O
without	O
the	O
need	O
for	O
special	O
server	O
support	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Application	O
designers	O
can	O
enable	O
or	O
disable	O
this	O
feature	O
within	O
JNLP	B-Application
files	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
slow	O
connections	O
Pack200	B-Language
gives	O
a	O
performance	O
boost	O
in	O
application	O
startup	O
time	O
and	O
download	O
time	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
default	O
,	O
Java	B-Application
Web	I-Application
Start	I-Application
applications	O
run	O
"	O
restricted	O
"	O
,	O
which	O
means	O
that	O
they	O
do	O
not	O
have	O
access	O
to	O
some	O
system	O
resources	O
such	O
as	O
local	O
files	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
But	O
publishers	O
can	O
remove	O
these	O
restrictions	O
by	O
signing	O
their	O
Web	B-Application
Start	I-Application
applications	O
with	O
the	O
jarsigner	O
tool	O
that	O
comes	O
with	O
the	O
JDK	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
open-source	B-License
IcedTea	B-Language
project	O
provides	O
an	O
alternative	O
JNLP	O
implementation	O
in	O
IcedTea-Web	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
To	O
run	O
Java	B-Device
Web	O
Start-based	O
application	O
after	O
the	O
release	O
of	O
Java	B-Device
11	O
,	O
the	O
company	O
Karakun	O
AG	O
has	O
released	O
the	O
open	B-License
source	I-License
tool	O
OpenWebStart	O
,	O
based	O
on	O
IcedTea-Web	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
tool	O
includes	O
all	O
the	O
functionality	O
of	O
IcedTea-Web	O
and	O
adds	O
extended	O
features	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
native	O
installers	O
for	O
Mac	O
OS	O
,	O
Windows	O
,	O
and	O
Linux	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
IcedTea-Web	O
was	O
created	O
with	O
support	O
from	O
RedHat	O
and	O
AdoptOpenJDK	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
ArgoUML	B-Language
an	O
UML	B-Language
diagramming	O
application	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CrossFTP	B-Protocol
an	O
FTP	O
client	O
and	O
server	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Genie	B-Application
Workbench	I-Application
a	O
set	O
of	O
film	O
production	O
automation	O
tools	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Genevestigator	B-Application
,	O
access	O
engine	O
to	O
the	O
curated	O
bioinformatical	O
database	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Jake2	B-Language
A	O
Java	B-Device
port	O
of	O
Quake	O
2	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
JOSM	B-Application
The	O
Java	B-Device
OpenStreetMap	O
editor	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
PoxNora	B-Application
a	O
3/4	O
perspective	O
,	O
turn-based	O
strategy	O
,	O
collectible	O
card	O
game	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Wurm	B-Protocol
Online	I-Protocol
a	O
3D	O
Massively	O
Multiplayer	O
Online	O
Fantasy	O
Simulator	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
yEd	B-Language
a	O
graph	O
and	O
diagram	O
editor	O
.	O
</s>
