<s>
Java	B-Language
is	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
computer	B-Application
software	I-Application
and	O
specifications	O
developed	O
by	O
James	O
Gosling	O
at	O
Sun	O
Microsystems	O
that	O
provides	O
a	O
system	O
for	O
developing	O
application	B-Application
software	I-Application
and	O
deploying	O
it	O
in	O
a	O
cross-platform	B-Operating_System
computing	O
environment	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Java	B-Language
is	O
used	O
in	O
a	O
wide	O
variety	O
of	O
computing	B-Device
platforms	I-Device
from	O
embedded	B-Architecture
devices	I-Architecture
and	O
mobile	O
phones	O
to	O
enterprise	B-Application
servers	I-Application
and	O
supercomputers	B-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
Java	B-Application
applets	I-Application
,	O
which	O
are	O
less	O
common	O
than	O
standalone	O
Java	B-Language
applications	O
,	O
were	O
commonly	O
run	O
in	O
secure	O
,	O
sandboxed	O
environments	O
to	O
provide	O
many	O
features	O
of	O
native	O
applications	O
through	O
being	O
embedded	O
in	O
HTML	B-Language
pages	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Writing	O
in	O
the	O
Java	B-Language
programming	I-Language
language	I-Language
is	O
the	O
primary	O
way	O
to	O
produce	O
code	O
that	O
will	O
be	O
deployed	O
as	O
byte	B-Language
code	I-Language
in	O
a	O
Java	B-Language
virtual	I-Language
machine	I-Language
(	O
JVM	B-Language
)	O
;	O
byte	B-Language
code	I-Language
compilers	B-Language
are	O
also	O
available	O
for	O
other	O
languages	O
,	O
including	O
Ada	B-Language
,	O
JavaScript	B-Language
,	O
Python	B-Language
,	O
and	O
Ruby	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
addition	O
,	O
several	O
languages	O
have	O
been	O
designed	O
to	O
run	O
natively	O
on	O
the	O
JVM	B-Language
,	O
including	O
Clojure	B-Language
,	O
Groovy	B-Application
,	O
and	O
Scala	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Java	B-Language
syntax	I-Language
borrows	O
heavily	O
from	O
C	B-Language
and	O
C++	B-Language
,	O
but	O
object-oriented	B-Language
features	O
are	O
modeled	O
after	O
Smalltalk	B-Application
and	O
Objective-C	B-Language
.	O
Java	B-Language
eschews	O
certain	O
low-level	O
constructs	O
such	O
as	O
pointers	O
and	O
has	O
a	O
very	O
simple	O
memory	O
model	O
where	O
objects	O
are	O
allocated	B-General_Concept
on	I-General_Concept
the	I-General_Concept
heap	I-General_Concept
(	O
while	O
some	O
implementations	O
e.g.	O
</s>
<s>
all	O
currently	O
supported	O
by	O
Oracle	B-Application
,	O
may	O
use	O
escape	O
analysis	O
optimization	O
to	O
allocate	O
on	O
the	O
stack	B-General_Concept
instead	O
)	O
and	O
all	O
variables	O
of	O
object	O
types	O
are	O
references	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Memory	B-General_Concept
management	I-General_Concept
is	O
handled	O
through	O
integrated	O
automatic	B-General_Concept
garbage	I-General_Concept
collection	I-General_Concept
performed	O
by	O
the	O
JVM	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
November	O
13	O
,	O
2006	O
,	O
Sun	O
Microsystems	O
made	O
the	O
bulk	O
of	O
its	O
implementation	O
of	O
Java	B-Language
available	O
under	O
the	O
GNU	B-License
General	I-License
Public	I-License
License	I-License
(	O
GPL	B-License
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
latest	O
version	O
is	O
Java	B-Language
19	O
,	O
released	O
in	O
September	O
2022	O
,	O
while	O
Java	B-Language
17	O
,	O
the	O
latest	O
long-term	O
support	O
(	O
LTS	O
)	O
,	O
was	O
released	O
in	O
September	O
2021	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
an	O
open	B-Application
source	I-Application
platform	I-Application
,	O
Java	B-Language
has	O
many	O
distributors	O
,	O
including	O
Amazon	O
,	O
IBM	O
,	O
Azul	O
Systems	O
,	O
and	O
AdoptOpenJDK	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Regarding	O
Oracle	B-Application
,	O
it	O
distributes	O
Java	B-Language
8	O
,	O
and	O
also	O
makes	O
available	O
e.g.	O
</s>
<s>
Java	B-Language
11	O
,	O
both	O
also	O
currently	O
supported	O
LTS	O
versions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Oracle	B-Application
(	O
and	O
others	O
)	O
"	O
highly	O
recommend	O
that	O
you	O
uninstall	O
older	O
versions	O
of	O
Java	B-Language
"	O
than	O
Java	B-Language
8	O
,	O
because	O
of	O
serious	O
risks	O
due	O
to	O
unresolved	O
security	O
issues	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
Java9	O
(	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
versions	O
10-16	O
,	O
and	O
18-19	O
)	O
are	O
no	O
longer	O
supported	O
,	O
Oracle	B-Application
advises	O
its	O
users	O
to	O
"	O
immediately	O
transition	O
"	O
to	O
a	O
supported	O
version	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Oracle	B-Application
released	O
the	O
last	O
free-for-commercial-use	O
public	O
update	O
for	O
the	O
legacy	B-Device
Java8LTS	O
in	O
January	O
2019	O
,	O
and	O
will	O
continue	O
to	O
support	O
Java8	O
with	O
public	O
updates	O
for	O
personal	O
use	O
indefinitely	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Oracle	B-Application
extended	O
support	O
for	O
Java6	O
ended	O
in	O
December	O
2018	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Java	B-Device
platform	I-Device
is	O
a	O
suite	O
of	O
programs	O
that	O
facilitate	O
developing	O
and	O
running	O
programs	O
written	O
in	O
the	O
Java	B-Language
programming	I-Language
language	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
Java	B-Device
platform	I-Device
includes	O
an	O
execution	O
engine	O
(	O
called	O
a	O
virtual	B-Architecture
machine	I-Architecture
)	O
,	O
a	O
compiler	B-Language
and	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
libraries	B-Library
;	O
there	O
may	O
also	O
be	O
additional	O
servers	B-Application
and	O
alternative	O
libraries	B-Library
that	O
depend	O
on	O
the	O
requirements	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Java	B-Device
platforms	I-Device
have	O
been	O
implemented	O
for	O
a	O
wide	O
variety	O
of	O
hardware	O
and	O
operating	B-General_Concept
systems	I-General_Concept
with	O
a	O
view	O
to	O
enable	O
Java	B-Language
programs	O
to	O
run	O
identically	O
on	O
all	O
of	O
them	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Different	O
platforms	B-Device
target	O
different	O
classes	O
of	O
device	O
and	O
application	B-Architecture
domains	I-Architecture
:	O
</s>
<s>
Java	B-Language
Card	I-Language
:	O
A	O
technology	O
that	O
allows	O
small	O
Java-based	O
applications	O
(	O
applets	B-Language
)	O
to	O
be	O
run	O
securely	O
on	O
smart	O
cards	O
and	O
similar	O
small-memory	O
devices	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Java	B-Language
ME	I-Language
(	O
Micro	B-Language
Edition	I-Language
)	O
:	O
Specifies	O
several	O
different	O
sets	O
of	O
libraries	B-Library
(	O
known	O
as	O
profiles	O
)	O
for	O
devices	O
with	O
limited	O
storage	O
,	O
display	O
,	O
and	O
power	O
capacities	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
often	O
used	O
to	O
develop	O
applications	O
for	O
mobile	O
devices	O
,	O
PDAs	B-Application
,	O
TV	O
set-top	O
boxes	O
,	O
and	O
printers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Java	B-Language
SE	I-Language
(	O
Standard	O
Edition	O
)	O
:	O
For	O
general-purpose	O
use	O
on	O
desktop	O
PCs	B-Device
,	O
servers	B-Application
and	O
similar	O
devices	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Jakarta	B-Language
EE	I-Language
(	O
Enterprise	O
Edition	O
)	O
:	O
JavaSE	B-Language
plus	O
various	O
APIs	B-Application
which	O
are	O
useful	O
for	O
multi-tier	B-Operating_System
client	B-Operating_System
–	I-Operating_System
server	I-Operating_System
enterprise	B-Application
applications	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Java	B-Device
platform	I-Device
consists	O
of	O
several	O
programs	O
,	O
each	O
of	O
which	O
provides	O
a	O
portion	O
of	O
its	O
overall	O
capabilities	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
example	O
,	O
the	O
Java	B-Language
compiler	B-Language
,	O
which	O
converts	O
Java	B-Language
source	I-Language
code	I-Language
into	O
Java	B-Language
bytecode	I-Language
(	O
an	O
intermediate	O
language	O
for	O
the	O
JVM	B-Language
)	O
,	O
is	O
provided	O
as	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
Java	B-Language
Development	I-Language
Kit	I-Language
(	O
JDK	B-Language
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Java	B-Language
Runtime	I-Language
Environment	I-Language
(	O
JRE	O
)	O
,	O
complementing	O
the	O
JVM	B-Language
with	O
a	O
just-in-time	O
(	O
JIT	O
)	O
compiler	B-Language
,	O
converts	O
intermediate	O
bytecode	O
into	O
native	O
machine	O
code	O
on	O
the	O
fly	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Java	B-Device
platform	I-Device
also	O
includes	O
an	O
extensive	O
set	O
of	O
libraries	B-Library
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
essential	O
components	O
in	O
the	O
platform	O
are	O
the	O
Java	B-Language
language	I-Language
compiler	B-Language
,	O
the	O
libraries	B-Library
,	O
and	O
the	O
runtime	O
environment	O
in	O
which	O
Java	B-Language
intermediate	O
bytecode	O
executes	O
according	O
to	O
the	O
rules	O
laid	O
out	O
in	O
the	O
virtual	B-Architecture
machine	I-Architecture
specification	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
heart	O
of	O
the	O
Java	B-Device
platform	I-Device
is	O
the	O
"	O
virtual	B-Architecture
machine	I-Architecture
"	O
that	O
executes	O
Java	B-Language
bytecode	I-Language
programs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
bytecode	O
is	O
the	O
same	O
no	O
matter	O
what	O
hardware	O
or	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
the	O
program	O
is	O
running	O
under	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
new	O
versions	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
for	O
Java10	O
(	O
and	O
earlier	O
)	O
,	O
have	O
made	O
small	O
changes	O
,	O
meaning	O
the	O
bytecode	O
is	O
in	O
general	O
only	O
forward	B-General_Concept
compatible	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
is	O
a	O
JIT	O
(	O
Just	O
In	O
Time	O
)	O
compiler	B-Language
within	O
the	O
Java	B-Language
Virtual	I-Language
Machine	I-Language
,	O
or	O
JVM	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
JIT	O
compiler	B-Language
translates	O
the	O
Java	B-Language
bytecode	I-Language
into	O
native	O
processor	O
instructions	O
at	O
run-time	O
and	O
caches	O
the	O
native	O
code	O
in	O
memory	O
during	O
execution	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
use	O
of	O
bytecode	O
as	O
an	O
intermediate	O
language	O
permits	O
Java	B-Language
programs	O
to	O
run	O
on	O
any	O
platform	O
that	O
has	O
a	O
virtual	B-Architecture
machine	I-Architecture
available	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
use	O
of	O
a	O
JIT	O
compiler	B-Language
means	O
that	O
Java	B-Language
applications	O
,	O
after	O
a	O
short	O
delay	O
during	O
loading	O
and	O
once	O
they	O
have	O
"	O
warmed	O
up	O
"	O
by	O
being	O
all	O
or	O
mostly	O
JIT-compiled	O
,	O
tend	O
to	O
run	O
about	O
as	O
fast	O
as	O
native	O
programs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
JRE	O
version	O
1.2	O
,	O
Sun	O
's	O
JVM	B-Language
implementation	O
has	O
included	O
a	O
just-in-time	O
compiler	B-Language
instead	O
of	O
an	O
interpreter	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Although	O
Java	B-Language
programs	O
are	O
cross-platform	B-Operating_System
or	O
platform	B-Operating_System
independent	I-Operating_System
,	O
the	O
code	O
of	O
the	O
Java	B-Language
Virtual	I-Language
Machines	I-Language
(	O
JVM	B-Language
)	O
that	O
execute	O
these	O
programs	O
is	O
not	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Every	O
supported	O
operating	O
platform	O
has	O
its	O
own	O
JVM	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
most	O
modern	O
operating	B-General_Concept
systems	I-General_Concept
(	O
OSs	O
)	O
,	O
a	O
large	O
body	O
of	O
reusable	O
code	O
is	O
provided	O
to	O
simplify	O
the	O
programmer	O
's	O
job	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
code	O
is	O
typically	O
provided	O
as	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
dynamically	O
loadable	O
libraries	B-Library
that	O
applications	O
can	O
call	O
at	O
runtime	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Because	O
the	O
Java	B-Device
platform	I-Device
is	O
not	O
dependent	O
on	O
any	O
specific	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
,	O
applications	O
cannot	O
rely	O
on	O
any	O
of	O
the	O
pre-existing	O
OS	B-General_Concept
libraries	B-Library
.	O
</s>
<s>
Instead	O
,	O
the	O
Java	B-Device
platform	I-Device
provides	O
a	O
comprehensive	O
set	O
of	O
its	O
own	O
standard	O
class	O
libraries	B-Library
containing	O
many	O
of	O
the	O
same	O
reusable	O
functions	O
commonly	O
found	O
in	O
modern	O
operating	B-General_Concept
systems	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Most	O
of	O
the	O
system	B-Library
library	I-Library
is	O
also	O
written	O
in	O
Java	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
instance	O
,	O
the	O
Swing	B-Language
library	B-Library
paints	O
the	O
user	B-Application
interface	I-Application
and	O
handles	O
the	O
events	O
itself	O
,	O
eliminating	O
many	O
subtle	O
differences	O
between	O
how	O
different	O
platforms	B-Device
handle	O
components	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Java	B-Library
class	I-Library
libraries	I-Library
serve	O
three	O
purposes	O
within	O
the	O
Java	B-Device
platform	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
First	O
,	O
like	O
other	O
standard	O
code	B-Library
libraries	I-Library
,	O
the	O
Java	B-Language
libraries	B-Library
provide	O
the	O
programmer	O
a	O
well-known	O
set	O
of	O
functions	O
to	O
perform	O
common	O
tasks	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
maintaining	O
lists	O
of	O
items	O
or	O
performing	O
complex	O
string	O
parsing	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Second	O
,	O
the	O
class	O
libraries	B-Library
provide	O
an	O
abstract	O
interface	O
to	O
tasks	O
that	O
would	O
normally	O
depend	O
heavily	O
on	O
the	O
hardware	O
and	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
java.net	O
and	O
java.io	O
libraries	B-Library
implement	O
an	O
abstraction	O
layer	O
in	O
native	O
OS	B-General_Concept
code	O
,	O
then	O
provide	O
a	O
standard	O
interface	O
for	O
the	O
Java	B-Language
applications	O
to	O
perform	O
those	O
tasks	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Finally	O
,	O
when	O
some	O
underlying	O
platform	O
does	O
not	O
support	O
all	O
of	O
the	O
features	O
a	O
Java	B-Language
application	O
expects	O
,	O
the	O
class	O
libraries	B-Library
work	O
to	O
gracefully	O
handle	O
the	O
absent	O
components	O
,	O
either	O
by	O
emulation	O
to	O
provide	O
a	O
substitute	O
,	O
or	O
at	O
least	O
by	O
providing	O
a	O
consistent	O
way	O
to	O
check	O
for	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
a	O
specific	O
feature	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
word	O
"	O
Java	B-Language
"	O
,	O
alone	O
,	O
usually	O
refers	O
to	O
Java	B-Language
programming	I-Language
language	I-Language
that	O
was	O
designed	O
for	O
use	O
with	O
the	O
Java	B-Device
platform	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Programming	O
languages	O
are	O
typically	O
outside	O
of	O
the	O
scope	O
of	O
the	O
phrase	O
"	O
platform	O
"	O
,	O
although	O
the	O
Java	B-Language
programming	I-Language
language	I-Language
was	O
listed	O
as	O
a	O
core	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
Java	B-Device
platform	I-Device
before	O
Java7	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
an	O
effort	O
was	O
made	O
with	O
the	O
Java7	O
specification	O
to	O
more	O
clearly	O
treat	O
the	O
Java	B-Language
language	I-Language
and	O
the	O
Java	B-Language
Virtual	I-Language
Machine	I-Language
as	O
separate	O
entities	O
,	O
so	O
that	O
they	O
are	O
no	O
longer	O
considered	O
a	O
single	O
unit	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Third	O
parties	O
have	O
produced	O
many	O
compilers	B-Language
or	O
interpreters	B-Application
that	O
target	O
the	O
JVM	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
of	O
these	O
are	O
for	O
existing	O
languages	O
,	O
while	O
others	O
are	O
for	O
extensions	O
to	O
the	O
Java	B-Language
language	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
success	O
of	O
Java	B-Language
and	O
its	O
write	O
once	O
,	O
run	O
anywhere	O
concept	O
has	O
led	O
to	O
other	O
similar	O
efforts	O
,	O
notably	O
the	O
.NET	B-Application
Framework	I-Application
,	O
appearing	O
since	O
2002	O
,	O
which	O
incorporates	O
many	O
of	O
the	O
successful	O
aspects	O
of	O
Java	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
.NET	B-Application
was	O
built	O
from	O
the	O
ground-up	O
to	O
support	O
multiple	O
programming	O
languages	O
,	O
while	O
the	O
Java	B-Device
platform	I-Device
was	O
initially	O
built	O
to	O
support	O
only	O
the	O
Java	B-Language
language	I-Language
,	O
although	O
many	O
other	O
languages	O
have	O
been	O
made	O
for	O
JVM	B-Language
since	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Language	O
Runtime	O
(	O
CLR	O
)	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
similar	O
in	O
purpose	O
to	O
the	O
JVM	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Like	O
the	O
JVM	B-Language
,	O
the	O
CLR	O
provides	O
memory	B-General_Concept
management	I-General_Concept
through	O
automatic	B-General_Concept
garbage	I-General_Concept
collection	I-General_Concept
,	O
and	O
allows	O
.NET	B-Application
byte	B-Language
code	I-Language
to	O
run	O
on	O
multiple	O
operating	B-General_Concept
systems	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
.NET	B-Application
included	O
a	O
Java-like	O
language	O
first	O
named	O
J++	B-Application
,	O
then	O
called	O
Visual	B-Language
J#	I-Language
that	O
was	O
incompatible	O
with	O
the	O
Java	B-Language
specification	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Java	B-Language
Development	I-Language
Kit	I-Language
(	O
JDK	B-Language
)	O
is	O
a	O
Sun	O
product	O
aimed	O
at	O
Java	B-Language
developers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
the	O
introduction	O
of	O
Java	B-Language
,	O
it	O
has	O
been	O
by	O
far	O
the	O
most	O
widely	O
used	O
Java	B-Language
software	B-Application
development	I-Application
kit	I-Application
(	O
SDK	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
contains	O
a	O
Java	B-Language
compiler	B-Language
,	O
a	O
full	O
copy	O
of	O
the	O
Java	B-Language
Runtime	I-Language
Environment	I-Language
(	O
JRE	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
many	O
other	O
important	O
development	O
tools	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Java	B-Language
Runtime	I-Language
Environment	I-Language
(	O
JRE	O
)	O
released	O
by	O
Oracle	B-Application
is	O
a	O
freely	O
available	O
software	O
distribution	O
containing	O
a	O
stand-alone	O
JVM	B-Language
(	O
HotSpot	B-Language
)	O
,	O
the	O
Java	B-Language
standard	B-Library
library	I-Library
(	O
Java	B-Library
Class	I-Library
Library	I-Library
)	O
,	O
a	O
configuration	O
tool	O
,	O
and	O
—	O
until	O
its	O
discontinuation	O
in	O
JDK	B-Language
9	O
—	O
a	O
browser	B-Application
plug-in	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
the	O
most	O
common	O
Java	B-Language
environment	O
installed	O
on	O
personal	B-Device
computers	I-Device
in	O
the	O
laptop	O
and	O
desktop	O
form	O
factor	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Mobile	O
phones	O
including	O
feature	B-Device
phones	I-Device
and	O
early	O
smartphones	B-Application
that	O
ship	O
with	O
a	O
JVM	B-Language
are	O
most	O
likely	O
to	O
include	O
a	O
JVM	B-Language
meant	O
to	O
run	O
applications	O
targeting	O
Micro	B-Language
Edition	I-Language
of	O
the	O
Java	B-Device
platform	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Meanwhile	O
,	O
most	O
modern	O
smartphones	B-Application
,	O
tablet	B-Device
computers	I-Device
,	O
and	O
other	O
handheld	B-Operating_System
PCs	I-Operating_System
that	O
run	O
Java	B-Application
apps	I-Application
are	O
most	O
likely	O
to	O
do	O
so	O
through	O
support	O
of	O
the	O
Android	B-Application
operating	I-Application
system	I-Application
,	O
which	O
includes	O
an	O
open	O
source	O
virtual	B-Architecture
machine	I-Architecture
incompatible	O
with	O
the	O
JVM	B-Language
specification	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
(	O
Instead	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
's	I-Application
Android	I-Application
development	O
tools	O
take	O
Java	B-Language
programs	O
as	O
input	O
and	O
output	O
Dalvik	B-Application
bytecode	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
the	O
native	O
input	O
format	O
for	O
the	O
virtual	B-Architecture
machine	I-Architecture
on	O
Android	B-Application
devices	O
.	O
)	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
last	O
Critical	O
Path	O
Update	O
version	O
of	O
JRE	O
with	O
an	O
Oracle	B-Application
BCL	O
Agreement	O
was	O
8u201	O
and	O
,	O
the	O
last	O
Patch	O
Set	O
Update	O
version	O
with	O
the	O
same	O
license	O
was	O
8u202	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
last	O
Oracle	B-Application
JRE	O
implementation	O
,	O
regardless	O
of	O
its	O
licensing	O
scheme	O
,	O
was	O
9.0.4	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
Java	B-Device
Platform	I-Device
SE	O
9	O
,	O
the	O
whole	O
platform	O
also	O
was	O
grouped	O
into	O
modules	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
modularization	O
of	O
Java	B-Language
SE	I-Language
implementations	O
allows	O
developers	O
to	O
bundle	O
their	O
applications	O
together	O
with	O
all	O
the	O
modules	B-Language
used	O
by	O
them	O
,	O
instead	O
of	O
solely	O
relying	O
on	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
a	O
suitable	O
Java	B-Language
SE	I-Language
implementation	O
in	O
the	O
user	O
device	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
JVM	B-Language
specification	O
gives	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
leeway	O
to	O
implementors	O
regarding	O
the	O
implementation	O
details	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
Java	B-Language
1.3	O
,	O
JRE	O
from	O
Oracle	B-Application
contains	O
a	O
JVM	B-Language
called	O
HotSpot	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
has	O
been	O
designed	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
high-performance	O
JVM	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
To	O
speed-up	O
code	O
execution	O
,	O
HotSpot	B-Language
relies	O
on	O
just-in-time	O
compilation	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
To	O
speed-up	O
object	O
allocation	O
and	O
garbage	B-General_Concept
collection	I-General_Concept
,	O
HotSpot	B-Language
uses	O
generational	O
heap	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Java	B-Language
virtual	I-Language
machine	I-Language
heap	O
is	O
the	O
area	O
of	O
memory	O
used	O
by	O
the	O
JVM	B-Language
for	O
dynamic	B-General_Concept
memory	I-General_Concept
allocation	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
HotSpot	B-Language
the	O
heap	O
is	O
divided	O
into	O
generations	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
young	O
generation	O
stores	O
short-lived	O
objects	O
that	O
are	O
created	O
and	O
immediately	O
garbage	B-General_Concept
collected	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
memory	O
is	O
subdivided	O
into	O
(	O
two	O
)	O
Survivors	O
spaces	O
where	O
the	O
objects	O
that	O
survived	O
the	O
first	O
and	O
next	O
garbage	B-General_Concept
collections	I-General_Concept
are	O
stored	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
permanent	O
generation	O
(	O
or	O
permgen	O
)	O
was	O
used	O
for	O
class	O
definitions	O
and	O
associated	O
metadata	O
prior	O
to	O
Java	B-Language
8	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
permanent	O
generation	O
was	O
removed	O
from	O
Java	B-Language
8	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Java	B-Language
JRE	O
is	O
installed	O
on	O
a	O
large	O
number	O
of	O
computers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
led	O
to	O
the	O
widely	O
shared	O
belief	O
that	O
Java	B-Language
is	O
inherently	O
insecure	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
Java	B-Language
1.7	O
,	O
Oracle	B-Application
's	O
JRE	O
for	O
Windows	B-Application
includes	O
automatic	O
update	O
functionality	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Before	O
the	O
discontinuation	O
of	O
the	O
Java	B-Language
browser	B-Application
plug-in	O
,	O
any	O
web	O
page	O
might	O
have	O
potentially	O
run	O
a	O
Java	B-Application
applet	I-Application
,	O
which	O
provided	O
an	O
easily	O
accessible	O
attack	O
surface	O
to	O
malicious	O
web	O
sites	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2013	O
Kaspersky	O
Labs	O
reported	O
that	O
the	O
Java	B-Application
plug-in	I-Application
was	O
the	O
method	O
of	O
choice	O
for	O
computer	O
criminals	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Java	B-Language
exploits	O
are	O
included	O
in	O
many	O
exploit	O
packs	O
that	O
hackers	O
deploy	O
onto	O
hacked	O
web	O
sites	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Java	B-Application
applets	I-Application
were	O
removed	O
in	O
Java	B-Language
11	O
,	O
released	O
on	O
September	O
25	O
,	O
2018	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Java	B-Device
platform	I-Device
and	O
language	O
began	O
as	O
an	O
internal	O
project	O
at	O
Sun	O
Microsystems	O
in	O
December	O
1990	O
,	O
providing	O
an	O
alternative	O
to	O
the	O
C++	B-Language
/C	O
programming	O
languages	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Engineer	O
Patrick	O
Naughton	O
had	O
become	O
increasingly	O
frustrated	O
with	O
the	O
state	O
of	O
Sun	O
's	O
C++	B-Language
and	O
C	B-Language
application	B-Application
programming	I-Application
interfaces	I-Application
(	O
APIs	B-Application
)	O
and	O
tools	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
with	O
the	O
way	O
the	O
NeWS	O
project	O
was	O
handled	O
by	O
the	O
organization	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
team	O
originally	O
considered	O
using	O
C++	B-Language
,	O
but	O
rejected	O
it	O
for	O
several	O
reasons	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Because	O
they	O
were	O
developing	O
an	O
embedded	B-Architecture
system	I-Architecture
with	O
limited	O
resources	O
,	O
they	O
decided	O
that	O
C++	B-Language
needed	O
too	O
much	O
memory	O
and	O
that	O
its	O
complexity	O
led	O
to	O
developer	O
errors	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
language	O
's	O
lack	O
of	O
garbage	B-General_Concept
collection	I-General_Concept
meant	O
that	O
programmers	O
had	O
to	O
manually	O
manage	O
system	O
memory	O
,	O
a	O
challenging	O
and	O
error-prone	O
task	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
team	O
also	O
worried	O
about	O
the	O
C++	B-Language
language	I-Language
's	O
lack	O
of	O
portable	O
facilities	O
for	O
security	O
,	O
distributed	B-Architecture
programming	I-Architecture
,	O
and	O
threading	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Bill	O
Joy	O
had	O
envisioned	O
a	O
new	O
language	O
combining	O
Mesa	B-Language
and	O
C	B-Language
.	O
In	O
a	O
paper	O
called	O
Further	O
,	O
he	O
proposed	O
to	O
Sun	O
that	O
its	O
engineers	O
should	O
produce	O
an	O
object-oriented	B-Language
environment	O
based	O
on	O
C++	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Initially	O
,	O
Gosling	O
attempted	O
to	O
modify	O
and	O
extend	O
C++	B-Language
(	O
a	O
proposed	O
development	O
that	O
he	O
referred	O
to	O
as	O
"	O
C++	B-Language
++	O
--	O
 "	O
)	O
but	O
soon	O
abandoned	O
that	O
in	O
favor	O
of	O
creating	O
a	O
new	O
language	O
,	O
which	O
he	O
called	O
Oak	B-Language
,	O
after	O
the	O
tree	O
that	O
stood	O
just	O
outside	O
his	O
office	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
the	O
summer	O
of	O
1992	O
,	O
the	O
team	O
could	O
demonstrate	O
portions	O
of	O
the	O
new	O
platform	O
,	O
including	O
the	O
Green	O
OS	B-General_Concept
,	O
the	O
Oak	B-Language
language	O
,	O
the	O
libraries	B-Library
,	O
and	O
the	O
hardware	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Their	O
first	O
demonstration	O
,	O
on	O
September	O
3	O
,	O
1992	O
,	O
focused	O
on	O
building	O
a	O
personal	B-Application
digital	I-Application
assistant	I-Application
(	O
PDA	B-Application
)	O
device	O
named	O
Star7	O
that	O
had	O
a	O
graphical	B-Application
interface	I-Application
and	O
a	O
smart	O
agent	O
called	O
"	O
Duke	O
"	O
to	O
assist	O
the	O
user	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
They	O
felt	O
that	O
with	O
the	O
advent	O
of	O
graphical	O
web	B-Application
browsers	I-Application
like	O
Mosaic	B-Application
the	O
Internet	O
could	O
evolve	O
into	O
the	O
same	O
highly	O
interactive	O
medium	O
that	O
they	O
had	O
envisioned	O
for	O
cable	O
TV	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
a	O
prototype	O
,	O
Naughton	O
wrote	O
a	O
small	O
browser	B-Application
,	O
WebRunner	O
(	O
named	O
after	O
the	O
movie	O
Blade	B-Application
Runner	I-Application
)	O
,	O
renamed	O
HotJava	B-Language
in	O
1995	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Sun	O
renamed	O
the	O
Oak	B-Language
language	O
to	O
Java	B-Language
after	O
a	O
trademark	O
search	O
revealed	O
that	O
Oak	B-Language
Technology	O
used	O
the	O
name	O
Oak	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Sun	O
priced	O
Java	B-Language
licenses	O
below	O
cost	O
to	O
gain	O
market	O
share	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Although	O
Java1.0a	O
became	O
available	O
for	O
download	O
in	O
1994	O
,	O
the	O
first	O
public	O
release	O
of	O
Java	B-Language
,	O
Java	B-Language
1.0a2	O
with	O
the	O
HotJava	B-Language
browser	I-Language
,	O
came	O
on	O
May	O
23	O
,	O
1995	O
,	O
announced	O
by	O
Gage	O
at	O
the	O
SunWorld	O
conference	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Accompanying	O
Gage	O
's	O
announcement	O
,	O
Marc	O
Andreessen	O
,	O
Executive	O
Vice	O
President	O
of	O
Netscape	O
Communications	O
Corporation	O
,	O
unexpectedly	O
announced	O
that	O
Netscape	O
browsers	B-Application
would	O
include	O
Java	B-Language
support	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
While	O
the	O
so-called	O
Java	B-Application
applets	I-Application
for	O
web	B-Application
browsers	I-Application
no	O
longer	O
are	O
the	O
most	O
popular	O
use	O
of	O
Java	B-Language
(	O
with	O
it	O
e.g.	O
</s>
<s>
more	O
used	O
server-side	O
)	O
or	O
the	O
most	O
popular	O
way	O
to	O
run	O
code	O
client-side	B-Operating_System
(	O
JavaScript	B-Language
took	O
over	O
as	O
more	O
popular	O
)	O
,	O
it	O
still	O
is	O
possible	O
to	O
run	O
Java	B-Language
(	O
or	O
other	O
JVM-languages	O
such	O
as	O
Kotlin	B-Language
)	O
in	O
web	B-Application
browsers	I-Application
,	O
even	O
after	O
JVM-support	O
has	O
been	O
dropped	O
from	O
them	O
,	O
using	O
e.g.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Java	B-Language
language	I-Language
has	O
undergone	O
several	O
changes	O
since	O
the	O
release	O
of	O
JDK	B-Language
(	O
Java	B-Language
Development	I-Language
Kit	I-Language
)	O
1.0	O
on	O
January	O
23	O
,	O
1996	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
numerous	O
additions	O
of	O
classes	O
and	O
packages	O
to	O
the	O
standard	B-Library
library	I-Library
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
J2SE1.4	O
the	O
Java	B-Language
Community	I-Language
Process	I-Language
(	O
JCP	O
)	O
has	O
governed	O
the	O
evolution	O
of	O
the	O
Java	B-Language
Language	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
JCP	O
uses	O
Java	B-Language
Specification	I-Language
Requests	I-Language
(	O
JSRs	O
)	O
to	O
propose	O
and	O
specify	O
additions	O
and	O
changes	O
to	O
the	O
Java	B-Device
platform	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Java	B-Language
Language	I-Language
Specification	I-Language
(	O
JLS	O
)	O
specifies	O
the	O
language	O
;	O
changes	O
to	O
the	O
JLS	O
are	O
managed	O
under	O
JSR901	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Sun	O
released	O
JDK	B-Language
1.1	O
on	O
February	O
19	O
,	O
1997	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Major	O
additions	O
included	O
an	O
extensive	O
retooling	O
of	O
the	O
AWT	B-Language
event	O
model	O
,	O
inner	O
classes	O
added	O
to	O
the	O
language	O
,	O
JavaBeans	O
and	O
JDBC	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
J2SE	B-Language
1.2	O
(	O
December	O
8	O
,	O
1998	O
)	O
–	O
Codename	O
Playground	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
and	O
subsequent	O
releases	O
through	O
J2SE5.0	O
were	O
rebranded	O
Java	B-Language
2	O
and	O
the	O
version	O
name	O
"	O
J2SE	B-Language
"	O
(	O
Java	B-Language
2	I-Language
Platform	I-Language
,	I-Language
Standard	I-Language
Edition	I-Language
)	O
replaced	O
JDK	B-Language
to	O
distinguish	O
the	O
base	O
platform	O
from	O
J2EE	B-Language
(	O
Java	B-Language
2	I-Language
Platform	I-Language
,	I-Language
Enterprise	I-Language
Edition	I-Language
)	O
and	O
J2ME	B-Language
(	O
Java	B-Language
2	I-Language
Platform	I-Language
,	I-Language
Micro	I-Language
Edition	I-Language
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Major	O
additions	O
included	O
reflection	B-Language
,	O
a	O
collections	B-Application
framework	O
,	O
Java	B-Language
IDL	I-Language
(	O
an	O
interface	B-General_Concept
description	I-General_Concept
language	I-General_Concept
implementation	O
for	O
CORBA	B-Architecture
interoperability	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
integration	O
of	O
the	O
Swing	B-Language
graphical	O
API	B-Application
into	O
the	O
core	O
classes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
Java	B-Application
Plug-in	I-Application
was	O
released	O
,	O
and	O
Sun	O
's	O
JVM	B-Language
was	O
equipped	O
with	O
a	O
JIT	O
compiler	B-Language
for	O
the	O
first	O
time	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
J2SE	B-Language
1.3	O
(	O
May	O
8	O
,	O
2000	O
)	O
–	O
Codename	O
Kestrel	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Notable	O
changes	O
included	O
the	O
bundling	O
of	O
the	O
HotSpot	B-Language
JVM	B-Language
(	O
the	O
HotSpot	B-Language
JVM	B-Language
was	O
first	O
released	O
in	O
April	O
,	O
1999	O
for	O
the	O
J2SE1.2	O
JVM	B-Language
)	O
,	O
JavaSound	O
,	O
Java	B-Language
Naming	I-Language
and	I-Language
Directory	I-Language
Interface	I-Language
(	O
JNDI	B-Language
)	O
and	O
Java	B-Language
Platform	I-Language
Debugger	I-Language
Architecture	I-Language
(	O
JPDA	B-Language
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
J2SE	B-Language
1.4	O
(	O
February	O
6	O
,	O
2002	O
)	O
–	O
Codename	O
Merlin	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
became	O
the	O
first	O
release	O
of	O
the	O
Java	B-Device
platform	I-Device
developed	O
under	O
the	O
Java	B-Language
Community	I-Language
Process	I-Language
as	O
JSR59	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Major	O
changes	O
included	O
regular	B-Language
expressions	I-Language
modeled	O
after	O
Perl	B-Language
,	O
exception	O
chaining	O
,	O
an	O
integrated	O
XML	B-Protocol
parser	I-Protocol
and	O
XSLT	B-Application
processor	I-Application
(	O
JAXP	B-Language
)	O
,	O
and	O
Java	B-Application
Web	I-Application
Start	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
J2SE	B-Language
5.0	O
(	O
September	O
30	O
,	O
2004	O
)	O
–	O
Codename	O
Tiger	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Developed	O
under	O
JSR176	O
,	O
Tiger	O
added	O
several	O
significant	O
new	O
language	O
features	O
including	O
the	O
for-each	O
loop	O
,	O
generics	B-Language
,	O
autoboxing	O
and	O
var-args	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Java	B-Language
SE	I-Language
6	O
(	O
December	O
11	O
,	O
2006	O
)	O
–	O
Codename	O
Mustang	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
bundled	O
with	O
a	O
database	O
manager	O
and	O
facilitates	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
scripting	O
languages	O
with	O
the	O
JVM	B-Language
(	O
such	O
as	O
JavaScript	B-Language
using	O
Mozilla	B-Operating_System
's	O
Rhino	B-Language
engine	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
of	O
this	O
version	O
,	O
Sun	O
replaced	O
the	O
name	O
"	O
J2SE	B-Language
"	O
with	O
Java	B-Language
SE	O
and	O
dropped	O
the	O
"	O
.0	O
"	O
from	O
the	O
version	O
number	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Other	O
major	O
changes	O
include	O
support	O
for	O
pluggable	O
annotations	B-Language
(	O
JSR	O
269	O
)	O
,	O
many	O
GUI	B-Application
improvements	O
,	O
including	O
native	O
UI	O
enhancements	O
to	O
support	O
the	O
look	O
and	O
feel	O
of	O
Windows	B-Application
Vista	I-Application
,	O
and	O
improvements	O
to	O
the	O
Java	B-Language
Platform	I-Language
Debugger	I-Language
Architecture	I-Language
(	O
JPDA	B-Language
)	O
&	O
JVM	B-Language
Tool	O
Interface	O
for	O
better	O
monitoring	O
and	O
troubleshooting	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Java	B-Language
SE	I-Language
7	O
(	O
July	O
28	O
,	O
2011	O
)	O
–	O
Codename	O
Dolphin	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
JVM	B-Language
was	O
extended	O
with	O
support	O
for	O
dynamic	B-Language
languages	I-Language
,	O
while	O
the	O
class	B-Library
library	I-Library
was	O
extended	O
among	O
others	O
with	O
a	O
join/fork	O
framework	O
,	O
an	O
improved	O
new	O
file	O
I/O	O
library	B-Library
and	O
support	O
for	O
new	O
network	O
protocols	O
such	O
as	O
SCTP	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
Java	B-Language
SE	I-Language
8	O
(	O
March	O
18	O
,	O
2014	O
)	O
Codename	O
Kenai	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Notable	O
changes	O
include	O
language-level	O
support	O
for	O
lambda	B-General_Concept
expressions	I-General_Concept
(	O
closures	B-Language
)	O
and	O
default	O
methods	O
,	O
the	O
Project	O
Nashorn	O
JavaScript	B-Language
runtime	O
,	O
a	O
new	O
Date	O
and	O
Time	O
API	B-Application
inspired	O
by	O
Joda	O
Time	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
removal	O
of	O
PermGen	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
version	O
is	O
not	O
officially	O
supported	O
on	O
the	O
Windows	B-Application
XP	O
platform	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Previously	O
,	O
only	O
an	O
unofficial	O
manual	O
installation	O
method	O
had	O
been	O
described	O
for	O
Windows	B-Application
XP	O
SP3	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
refers	O
to	O
JDK8	O
,	O
the	O
developing	O
platform	O
for	O
Java	B-Language
that	O
also	O
includes	O
a	O
fully	O
functioning	O
Java	B-Language
Runtime	I-Language
Environment	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Java8	O
is	O
supported	O
on	O
Windows	B-Application
Server	O
2008	O
R2	O
SP1	O
,	O
Windows	B-Application
Vista	I-Application
SP2	O
and	O
Windows	B-Application
7	O
SP1	O
,	O
Ubuntu	O
12.04	O
LTS	O
and	O
higher	O
(	O
and	O
some	O
other	O
OSes	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Java	B-Language
SE	I-Language
9	O
and	O
10	O
had	O
higher	O
system	O
requirements	O
,	O
i.e.	O
</s>
<s>
Windows7	O
or	O
Server	O
2012	O
(	O
and	O
web	B-Application
browser	I-Application
minimum	O
certified	O
is	O
upped	O
to	O
Internet	B-Application
Explorer	I-Application
11	I-Application
or	O
other	O
web	B-Application
browsers	I-Application
)	O
,	O
and	O
Oracle	B-Application
dropped	O
32-bit	O
compatibility	O
for	O
all	O
platforms	B-Device
,	O
i.e.	O
</s>
<s>
only	O
Oracle	B-Application
's	O
"	O
64-bit	B-Device
Java	B-Language
virtual	I-Language
machines	I-Language
(	O
JVMs	B-Language
)	O
are	O
certified	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Java	B-Language
SE	I-Language
11	O
was	O
released	O
September	O
2018	O
,	O
the	O
first	O
LTS	O
release	O
since	O
the	O
rapid	O
release	O
model	O
was	O
adopted	O
starting	O
with	O
version	O
9	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
the	O
first	O
time	O
,	O
OpenJDK	B-Language
11	O
represents	O
the	O
complete	O
source	O
code	O
for	O
the	O
Java	B-Device
platform	I-Device
under	O
the	O
GNU	B-License
General	I-License
Public	I-License
License	I-License
,	O
and	O
while	O
Oracle	B-Application
still	O
dual-licenses	O
it	O
with	O
an	O
optional	O
proprietary	B-Application
license	I-Application
,	O
there	O
are	O
no	O
code	O
differences	O
nor	O
modules	B-Language
unique	O
to	O
the	O
proprietary-licensed	O
version	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Java11	O
features	O
include	O
two	O
new	O
garbage	B-General_Concept
collector	I-General_Concept
implementations	O
,	O
Flight	O
Recorder	O
to	O
debug	O
deep	O
issues	O
,	O
a	O
new	O
HTTP	B-Application
client	I-Application
including	O
WebSocket	B-Protocol
support	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Java	B-Language
SE	I-Language
12	O
was	O
released	O
March	O
2019	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Java	B-Language
SE	I-Language
13	O
was	O
released	O
September	O
2019	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Java	B-Language
SE	I-Language
14	O
was	O
released	O
March	O
2020	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Java	B-Language
SE	I-Language
15	O
was	O
released	O
September	O
2020	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Java	B-Language
SE	I-Language
16	O
was	O
released	O
March	O
2021	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Java	B-Language
SE	I-Language
17	O
was	O
released	O
September	O
2021	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Java	B-Language
SE	I-Language
18	O
was	O
released	O
March	O
2022	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Java	B-Language
SE	I-Language
19	O
was	O
released	O
September	O
2022	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
addition	O
to	O
language	O
changes	O
,	O
significant	O
changes	O
have	O
been	O
made	O
to	O
the	O
Java	B-Library
class	I-Library
library	I-Library
over	O
the	O
years	O
,	O
which	O
has	O
grown	O
from	O
a	O
few	O
hundred	O
classes	O
in	O
JDK1.0	O
to	O
over	O
three	O
thousand	O
in	O
J2SE5.0	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Entire	O
new	O
APIs	B-Application
,	O
such	O
as	O
Swing	B-Language
and	O
Java	B-Language
2D	I-Language
,	O
have	O
evolved	O
,	O
and	O
many	O
of	O
the	O
original	O
JDK1.0	O
classes	O
and	O
methods	O
have	O
been	O
deprecated	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
According	O
to	O
Oracle	B-Application
in	O
2010	O
,	O
the	O
Java	B-Language
Runtime	I-Language
Environment	I-Language
was	O
found	O
on	O
over	O
850	O
million	O
PCs	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Microsoft	O
has	O
not	O
bundled	O
a	O
Java	B-Language
Runtime	I-Language
Environment	I-Language
(	O
JRE	O
)	O
with	O
its	O
operating	B-General_Concept
systems	I-General_Concept
since	O
Sun	O
Microsystems	O
sued	O
Microsoft	O
for	O
adding	O
Windows-specific	O
classes	O
to	O
the	O
bundled	O
Java	B-Language
runtime	I-Language
environment	I-Language
,	O
and	O
for	O
making	O
the	O
new	O
classes	O
available	O
through	O
Visual	B-Application
J++	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Apple	O
no	O
longer	O
includes	O
a	O
Java	B-Language
runtime	I-Language
with	O
OS	B-Application
X	I-Application
as	O
of	O
version	B-Application
10.7	I-Application
,	O
but	O
the	O
system	O
prompts	O
the	O
user	O
to	O
download	O
and	O
install	O
it	O
the	O
first	O
time	O
an	O
application	O
requiring	O
the	O
JRE	O
is	O
launched	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Many	O
Linux	B-Application
distributions	I-Application
include	O
the	O
OpenJDK	B-Language
runtime	O
as	O
the	O
default	O
virtual	B-Architecture
machine	I-Architecture
,	O
negating	O
the	O
need	O
to	O
download	O
the	O
proprietary	B-Application
Oracle	B-Application
JRE	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
Java	B-Language
applications	O
are	O
in	O
fairly	O
widespread	O
desktop	O
use	O
,	O
including	O
the	O
NetBeans	B-Application
and	O
Eclipse	B-Application
integrated	B-Application
development	I-Application
environments	I-Application
,	O
and	O
file	O
sharing	O
clients	O
such	O
as	O
LimeWire	B-Application
and	O
Vuze	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Java	B-Language
is	O
also	O
used	O
in	O
the	O
MATLAB	B-Language
mathematics	O
programming	B-Application
environment	I-Application
,	O
both	O
for	O
rendering	O
the	O
user	B-Application
interface	I-Application
and	O
as	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
core	O
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Java	B-Language
provides	O
cross	B-Operating_System
platform	I-Operating_System
user	B-Application
interface	I-Application
for	O
some	O
high	O
end	O
collaborative	O
applications	O
such	O
as	O
Lotus	B-Operating_System
Notes	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Oracle	B-Application
plans	O
to	O
first	O
deprecate	B-General_Concept
the	O
separately	O
installable	O
Java	B-Language
browser	B-Application
plugin	O
from	O
the	O
Java	B-Language
Runtime	I-Language
Environment	I-Language
in	O
JDK	B-Language
9	O
then	O
remove	O
it	O
completely	O
from	O
a	O
future	O
release	O
,	O
forcing	O
web	O
developers	O
to	O
use	O
an	O
alternative	O
technology	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Duke	O
is	O
Java	B-Language
's	O
mascot	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
Sun	O
announced	O
that	O
Java	B-Language
SE	I-Language
and	O
Java	B-Language
ME	I-Language
would	O
be	O
released	O
under	O
a	O
free	B-License
software	I-License
license	I-License
(	O
the	O
GNU	B-License
General	I-License
Public	I-License
License	I-License
)	O
,	O
they	O
released	O
the	O
Duke	O
graphics	O
under	O
the	O
free	B-Application
BSD	B-Operating_System
license	I-Operating_System
at	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
source	O
code	O
for	O
Sun	O
's	O
implementations	O
of	O
Java	B-Language
(	O
i.e.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
such	O
these	O
terms	O
did	O
not	O
satisfy	O
the	O
requirements	O
of	O
either	O
the	O
Open	O
Source	O
Initiative	O
or	O
the	B-Operating_System
Free	I-Operating_System
Software	I-Operating_System
Foundation	I-Operating_System
to	O
be	O
considered	O
open	O
source	O
or	O
free	B-Application
software	I-Application
,	O
and	O
Sun	B-Device
Java	I-Device
was	O
therefore	O
a	O
proprietary	B-Application
platform	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
GNU	B-Language
Classpath	I-Language
and	O
Apache	B-Application
Harmony	I-Application
)	O
created	O
free	B-Application
software	I-Application
partial	O
Java	B-Language
implementations	O
,	O
the	O
large	O
size	O
of	O
the	O
Sun	O
libraries	B-Library
combined	O
with	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
clean	O
room	O
methods	O
meant	O
that	O
their	O
implementations	O
of	O
the	O
Java	B-Language
libraries	B-Library
(	O
the	O
compiler	B-Language
and	O
VM	O
are	O
comparatively	O
small	O
and	O
well	O
defined	O
)	O
were	O
incomplete	O
and	O
not	O
fully	O
compatible	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Sun	O
announced	O
in	O
JavaOne	O
2006	O
that	O
Java	B-Language
would	O
become	O
free	B-Application
and	I-Application
open	I-Application
source	I-Application
software	I-Application
,	O
and	O
on	O
October	O
25	O
,	O
2006	O
,	O
at	O
the	O
Oracle	B-Application
OpenWorld	O
conference	O
,	O
Jonathan	O
I	O
.	O
Schwartz	O
said	O
that	O
the	O
company	O
was	O
set	O
to	O
announce	O
the	O
release	O
of	O
the	O
core	O
Java	B-Device
Platform	I-Device
as	O
free	B-Application
and	I-Application
open	I-Application
source	I-Application
software	I-Application
within	O
30	O
to	O
60	O
days	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Sun	O
released	O
the	O
Java	B-Language
HotSpot	I-Language
virtual	I-Language
machine	I-Language
and	O
compiler	B-Language
as	O
free	B-Application
software	I-Application
under	O
the	O
GNU	B-License
General	I-License
Public	I-License
License	I-License
on	O
November	O
13	O
,	O
2006	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
promise	O
that	O
the	O
rest	O
of	O
the	O
JDK	B-Language
(	O
that	O
includes	O
the	O
JRE	O
)	O
would	O
be	O
placed	O
under	O
the	O
GPL	B-License
by	O
March	O
2007	O
(	O
"	O
except	O
for	O
a	O
few	O
components	O
that	O
Sun	O
does	O
not	O
have	O
the	O
right	O
to	O
publish	O
in	O
distributable	O
source	O
form	O
under	O
the	O
GPL	B-License
"	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
According	O
to	O
Richard	O
Stallman	O
,	O
this	O
would	O
mean	O
an	O
end	O
to	O
the	O
"	O
Java	B-Language
trap	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Mark	O
Shuttleworth	O
called	O
the	O
initial	O
press	O
announcement	O
,	O
"	O
A	O
real	O
milestone	O
for	O
the	O
free	B-Application
software	I-Application
community	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Sun	O
released	O
the	O
source	O
code	O
of	O
the	O
Class	B-Library
library	I-Library
under	O
GPL	B-License
on	O
May	O
8	O
,	O
2007	O
,	O
except	O
some	O
limited	O
parts	O
that	O
were	O
licensed	O
by	O
Sun	O
from	O
third	O
parties	O
who	O
did	O
not	O
want	O
their	O
code	O
to	O
be	O
released	O
under	O
a	O
free	B-Application
software	I-Application
and	O
open-source	B-Application
license	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
of	O
the	O
encumbered	O
parts	O
turned	O
out	O
to	O
be	O
fairly	O
key	O
parts	O
of	O
the	O
platform	O
such	O
as	O
font	O
rendering	O
and	O
2D	O
rasterising	O
,	O
but	O
these	O
were	O
released	O
as	O
open-source	B-Application
later	O
by	O
Sun	O
(	O
see	O
OpenJDK	B-Language
Class	B-Library
library	I-Library
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Sun	O
's	O
goal	O
was	O
to	O
replace	O
the	O
parts	O
that	O
remain	O
proprietary	B-Application
and	O
closed-source	B-Application
with	O
alternative	O
implementations	O
and	O
make	O
the	O
class	B-Library
library	I-Library
completely	O
free	B-Application
and	O
open	O
source	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
meantime	O
,	O
a	O
third-party	O
project	O
called	O
IcedTea	B-Language
created	O
a	O
completely	O
free	B-Application
and	O
highly	O
usable	O
JDK	B-Language
by	O
replacing	O
encumbered	O
code	O
with	O
either	O
stubs	O
or	O
code	O
from	O
GNU	B-Language
Classpath	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
OpenJDK	B-Language
has	O
since	O
become	O
buildable	O
without	O
the	O
encumbered	O
parts	O
(	O
from	O
OpenJDK	B-Language
6	O
b10	O
)	O
and	O
has	O
become	O
the	O
default	O
runtime	O
environment	O
for	O
most	O
Linux	B-Application
distributions	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
June	O
2008	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
announced	O
that	O
IcedTea6	B-Language
(	O
as	O
the	O
packaged	O
version	O
of	O
OpenJDK	B-Language
on	O
Fedora	O
9	O
)	O
has	O
passed	O
the	O
Technology	B-Language
Compatibility	I-Language
Kit	I-Language
tests	O
and	O
can	O
claim	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
fully	O
compatible	O
Java6	O
implementation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Because	O
OpenJDK	B-Language
is	O
under	O
the	O
GPL	B-License
,	O
it	O
is	O
possible	O
to	O
redistribute	O
a	O
custom	O
version	O
of	O
the	O
JRE	O
directly	O
with	O
software	B-Application
applications	I-Application
,	O
rather	O
than	O
requiring	O
the	O
enduser	O
(	O
or	O
their	O
sysadmin	O
)	O
to	O
download	O
and	O
install	O
the	O
correct	O
version	O
of	O
the	O
proprietary	B-Application
Oracle	B-Application
JRE	O
onto	O
each	O
of	O
their	O
systems	O
themselves	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
most	O
cases	O
,	O
Java	B-Language
support	O
is	O
unnecessary	O
in	O
Web	B-Application
browsers	I-Application
,	O
and	O
security	O
experts	O
recommend	O
that	O
it	O
not	O
be	O
run	O
in	O
a	O
browser	B-Application
unless	O
absolutely	O
necessary	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
suggested	O
that	O
,	O
if	O
Java	B-Language
is	O
required	O
by	O
a	O
few	O
Web	O
sites	O
,	O
users	O
should	O
have	O
a	O
separate	O
browser	B-Application
installation	O
specifically	O
for	O
those	O
sites	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
generics	B-Language
were	O
added	O
to	O
Java5.0	O
,	O
there	O
was	O
already	O
a	O
large	O
framework	O
of	O
classes	O
(	O
many	O
of	O
which	O
were	O
already	O
deprecated	B-General_Concept
)	O
,	O
so	O
generics	B-Language
were	O
chosen	O
to	O
be	O
implemented	O
using	O
erasure	O
to	O
allow	O
for	O
migration	O
compatibility	O
and	O
re-use	O
of	O
these	O
existing	O
classes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
addition	O
of	O
type	O
wildcards	O
made	O
Java	B-Language
unsound	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Java	B-Language
lacks	O
native	O
unsigned	O
integer	O
types	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Unsigned	O
data	O
are	O
often	O
generated	O
from	O
programs	O
written	O
in	O
C	B-Language
and	O
the	O
lack	O
of	O
these	O
types	O
prevents	O
direct	O
data	O
interchange	O
between	O
C	B-Language
and	O
Java	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Unsigned	O
large	O
numbers	O
are	O
also	O
used	O
in	O
many	O
numeric	O
processing	O
fields	O
,	O
including	O
cryptography	O
,	O
which	O
can	O
make	O
Java	B-Language
less	O
convenient	O
to	O
use	O
for	O
these	O
tasks	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Although	O
it	O
is	O
possible	O
to	O
partially	O
circumvent	O
this	O
problem	O
with	O
conversion	O
code	O
and	O
using	O
larger	O
data	O
types	O
,	O
it	O
makes	O
using	O
Java	B-Language
cumbersome	O
for	O
handling	O
the	O
unsigned	O
data	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
While	O
a	O
32-bit	O
signed	O
integer	O
may	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
hold	O
a	O
16-bit	O
unsigned	O
value	O
with	O
relative	O
ease	O
,	O
a	O
32-bit	O
unsigned	O
value	O
would	O
require	O
a	O
64-bit	B-Device
signed	O
integer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Additionally	O
,	O
a	O
64-bit	B-Device
unsigned	O
value	O
cannot	O
be	O
stored	O
using	O
any	O
integer	O
type	O
in	O
Java	B-Language
because	O
no	O
type	O
larger	O
than	O
64bits	B-Device
exists	O
in	O
the	O
Java	B-Language
language	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Alternatively	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
possible	O
to	O
use	O
Java	B-Language
's	O
signed	O
integers	O
to	O
emulate	O
unsigned	O
integers	O
of	O
the	O
same	O
size	O
,	O
but	O
this	O
requires	O
detailed	O
knowledge	O
of	O
complex	O
bitwise	O
operations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
While	O
Java	B-Language
's	O
floating	O
point	O
arithmetic	O
is	O
largely	O
based	O
on	O
IEEE	O
754	O
(	O
Standard	O
for	O
Binary	O
Floating-Point	O
Arithmetic	O
)	O
,	O
certain	O
features	O
are	O
not	O
supported	O
even	O
when	O
using	O
the	O
strictfp	B-Language
modifier	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
Exception	O
Flags	O
and	O
Directed	O
Roundings	O
capabilities	O
mandated	O
by	O
IEEE	O
Standard	O
754	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Additionally	O
,	O
the	O
extended	O
precision	O
floating-point	O
types	O
permitted	O
in	O
754	O
and	O
present	O
in	O
many	O
processors	O
are	O
not	O
permitted	O
in	O
Java	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
early	O
days	O
of	O
Java	B-Language
(	O
before	O
the	O
HotSpot	B-Language
VM	I-Language
was	O
implemented	O
in	O
Java	B-Language
1.3	O
in	O
2000	O
)	O
there	O
were	O
some	O
criticisms	O
of	O
performance	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Benchmarks	O
typically	O
reported	O
Java	B-Language
as	O
being	O
about	O
50%	O
slower	O
than	O
C	B-Language
(	O
a	O
language	O
which	O
compiles	B-Language
to	O
native	O
code	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Java	B-Application
's	I-Application
performance	I-Application
has	O
improved	O
substantially	O
since	O
the	O
early	O
versions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Performance	O
of	O
JIT	O
compilers	B-Language
relative	O
to	O
native	O
compilers	B-Language
has	O
in	O
some	O
optimized	O
tests	O
been	O
shown	O
to	O
be	O
quite	O
similar	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Java	B-Language
bytecode	I-Language
can	O
either	O
be	O
interpreted	O
at	O
run	O
time	O
by	O
a	O
virtual	B-Architecture
machine	I-Architecture
,	O
or	O
it	O
can	O
be	O
compiled	B-Language
at	O
load	O
time	O
or	O
runtime	O
into	O
native	O
code	O
which	O
runs	O
directly	O
on	O
the	O
computer	O
's	O
hardware	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Interpretation	O
is	O
slower	O
than	O
native	O
execution	O
,	O
and	O
compilation	B-Language
at	O
load	O
time	O
or	O
runtime	O
has	O
an	O
initial	O
performance	O
penalty	O
for	O
the	O
compilation	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Modern	O
performant	O
JVM	B-Language
implementations	O
all	O
use	O
the	O
compilation	B-Language
approach	O
,	O
so	O
after	O
the	O
initial	O
startup	O
time	O
the	O
performance	O
is	O
equivalent	O
to	O
native	O
code	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Java	B-Device
platform	I-Device
provides	O
a	O
security	O
architecture	O
which	O
is	O
designed	O
to	O
allow	O
the	O
user	O
to	O
run	O
untrusted	O
bytecode	O
in	O
a	O
"	O
sandboxed	O
"	O
manner	O
to	O
protect	O
against	O
malicious	O
or	O
poorly	O
written	O
software	B-Application
.	I-Application
</s>
<s>
This	O
"	O
sandboxing	O
"	O
feature	O
is	O
intended	O
to	O
protect	O
the	O
user	O
by	O
restricting	O
access	O
to	O
certain	O
platform	O
features	O
and	O
APIs	B-Application
which	O
could	O
be	O
exploited	O
by	O
malware	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
accessing	O
the	O
local	O
filesystem	O
,	O
running	O
arbitrary	O
commands	O
,	O
or	O
accessing	O
communication	O
networks	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
recent	O
years	O
,	O
researchers	O
have	O
discovered	O
numerous	O
security	O
flaws	O
in	O
some	O
widely	O
used	O
Java	B-Language
implementations	O
,	O
including	O
Oracle	B-Application
's	O
,	O
which	O
allow	O
untrusted	O
code	O
to	O
bypass	O
the	O
sandboxing	O
mechanism	O
,	O
exposing	O
users	O
to	O
malicious	O
attacks	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
flaws	O
affect	O
only	O
Java	B-Language
applications	O
which	O
execute	O
arbitrary	O
untrusted	O
bytecode	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
web	B-Application
browser	I-Application
plug-ins	O
that	O
run	O
Java	B-Application
applets	I-Application
downloaded	O
from	O
public	O
websites	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
August	O
31	O
,	O
2012	O
,	O
Java6	O
and	O
7	O
(	O
both	O
supported	O
back	O
then	O
)	O
on	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Windows	I-Application
,	O
OS	B-Application
X	I-Application
,	O
and	O
Linux	B-Application
were	O
found	O
to	O
have	O
a	O
serious	O
security	O
flaw	O
that	O
allowed	O
a	O
remote	O
exploit	O
to	O
take	O
place	O
by	O
simply	O
loading	O
a	O
malicious	O
web	O
page	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
January	O
10	O
,	O
2013	O
,	O
three	O
computer	O
specialists	O
spoke	O
out	O
against	O
Java	B-Language
,	O
telling	O
Reuters	O
that	O
it	O
was	O
not	O
secure	O
and	O
that	O
people	O
should	O
disable	O
Java	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Jaime	O
Blasco	O
,	O
Labs	O
Manager	O
with	O
AlienVault	O
Labs	O
,	O
stated	O
that	O
"	O
Java	B-Language
is	O
a	O
mess	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Security	O
alerts	O
from	O
Oracle	B-Application
announce	O
schedules	O
of	O
critical	O
security-related	O
patches	O
to	O
Java	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
January	O
14	O
,	O
2013	O
,	O
security	O
experts	O
said	O
that	O
the	O
update	O
still	O
failed	O
to	O
protect	O
PCs	B-Device
from	O
attack	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
exploit	O
hole	O
prompted	O
a	O
response	O
from	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
Department	O
of	O
Homeland	O
Security	O
encouraging	O
users	O
to	O
disable	O
or	O
uninstall	O
Java	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Apple	O
blacklisted	O
Java	B-Language
in	O
limited	O
order	O
for	O
all	O
computers	O
running	O
its	O
OS	B-Application
X	I-Application
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
through	O
a	O
virus	O
protection	O
program	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2014	O
and	O
responding	O
to	O
then-recent	O
Java	B-Language
security	O
and	O
vulnerability	O
issues	O
,	O
security	O
blogger	O
Brian	O
Krebs	O
has	O
called	O
for	O
users	O
to	O
remove	O
at	O
least	O
the	O
Java	B-Language
browser	B-Application
plugin	O
and	O
also	O
the	O
entire	O
software	B-Application
.	I-Application
</s>
<s>
"	O
I	O
look	O
forward	O
to	O
a	O
world	O
without	O
the	O
Java	B-Application
plugin	I-Application
(	O
and	O
to	O
not	O
having	O
to	O
remind	O
readers	O
about	O
quarterly	O
patch	O
updates	O
)	O
but	O
it	O
will	O
probably	O
be	O
years	O
before	O
various	O
versions	O
of	O
this	O
plugin	O
are	O
mostly	O
removed	O
from	O
end-user	O
systems	O
worldwide.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
"	O
Once	O
promising	O
,	O
it	O
has	O
outlived	O
its	O
usefulness	O
in	O
the	O
browser	B-Application
,	O
and	O
has	O
become	O
a	O
nightmare	O
that	O
delights	O
cyber-criminals	O
at	O
the	O
expense	O
of	O
computer	O
users.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
"	O
I	O
think	O
everyone	O
should	O
uninstall	O
Java	B-Language
from	O
all	O
their	O
PCs	B-Device
and	O
Macs	O
,	O
and	O
then	O
think	O
carefully	O
about	O
whether	O
they	O
need	O
to	O
add	O
it	O
back	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Oracle-distributed	O
Java	B-Language
runtime	I-Language
environment	I-Language
has	O
a	O
history	O
of	O
bundling	O
sponsored	O
software	O
to	O
be	O
installed	O
by	O
default	O
during	O
installation	O
and	O
during	O
the	O
updates	O
which	O
roll	O
out	O
every	O
month	O
or	O
so	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
includes	O
the	O
"	O
Ask.com	O
toolbar	O
"	O
that	O
will	O
redirect	O
browser	B-Application
searches	O
to	O
ads	O
and	O
"	O
McAfee	O
Security	O
Scan	O
Plus	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
offers	O
can	O
be	O
blocked	O
through	O
a	O
setting	O
in	O
the	O
Java	B-Language
Control	O
Panel	O
,	O
although	O
this	O
is	O
not	O
obvious	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
setting	O
is	O
located	O
under	O
the	O
"	O
Advanced	O
"	O
tab	O
in	O
the	O
Java	B-Language
Control	O
Panel	O
,	O
under	O
the	O
"	O
Miscellaneous	O
"	O
heading	O
,	O
where	O
the	O
option	O
is	O
labelled	O
as	O
an	O
option	O
to	O
suppress	O
"	O
sponsor	O
offers	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Java	B-Language
has	O
yet	O
to	O
release	O
an	O
automatic	O
updater	O
that	O
does	O
not	O
require	O
user	O
intervention	O
and	O
administrative	O
rights	O
unlike	O
Google	B-Application
Chrome	O
and	O
Flash	O
player	O
.	O
</s>
