<s>
Jakarta	B-Language
EE	I-Language
,	O
formerly	O
Java	B-Language
Platform	I-Language
,	I-Language
Enterprise	I-Language
Edition	I-Language
(	O
Java	B-Language
EE	I-Language
)	O
and	O
Java	B-Language
2	I-Language
Platform	I-Language
,	I-Language
Enterprise	I-Language
Edition	I-Language
(	O
J2EE	B-Language
)	O
,	O
is	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
specifications	B-Application
,	O
extending	O
Java	B-Language
SE	I-Language
with	O
specifications	B-Application
for	O
enterprise	O
features	O
such	O
as	O
distributed	B-Architecture
computing	I-Architecture
and	O
web	O
services	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Jakarta	B-Language
EE	I-Language
applications	O
are	O
run	O
on	O
reference	O
runtimes	O
,	O
that	O
can	O
be	O
microservices	O
or	O
application	B-Application
servers	I-Application
,	O
which	O
handle	O
transactions	B-General_Concept
,	O
security	O
,	O
scalability	O
,	O
concurrency	B-Operating_System
and	O
management	O
of	O
the	O
components	O
it	O
is	O
deploying	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Jakarta	B-Language
EE	I-Language
is	O
defined	O
by	O
its	O
specification	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
specification	B-Application
defines	O
APIs	B-Application
(	O
application	B-Application
programming	I-Application
interface	I-Application
)	O
and	O
their	O
interactions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
with	O
other	O
Java	B-Language
Community	I-Language
Process	I-Language
specifications	B-Application
,	O
providers	O
must	O
meet	O
certain	O
conformance	O
requirements	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
declare	O
their	O
products	O
as	O
Jakarta	B-Language
EE	I-Language
compliant	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Examples	O
of	O
contexts	O
in	O
which	O
Jakarta	B-Language
EE	I-Language
referencing	O
runtimes	O
are	O
used	O
are	O
:	O
e-commerce	O
,	O
accounting	O
,	O
banking	O
information	O
systems	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
platform	O
was	O
known	O
as	O
Java	B-Language
2	I-Language
Platform	I-Language
,	I-Language
Enterprise	I-Language
Edition	I-Language
or	O
J2EE	B-Language
from	O
version	O
1.2	O
,	O
until	O
the	O
name	O
was	O
changed	O
to	O
Java	B-Language
Platform	I-Language
,	I-Language
Enterprise	I-Language
Edition	I-Language
or	O
Java	B-Language
EE	I-Language
in	O
version	O
1.5	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Java	B-Language
EE	I-Language
was	O
maintained	O
by	O
Oracle	B-Application
under	O
the	O
Java	B-Language
Community	I-Language
Process	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
September	O
12	O
,	O
2017	O
,	O
Oracle	B-Application
Corporation	I-Application
announced	O
that	O
it	O
would	O
submit	O
Java	B-Language
EE	I-Language
to	O
the	B-Application
Eclipse	I-Application
Foundation	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Eclipse	B-Application
top-level	O
project	O
has	O
been	O
named	O
Eclipse	B-Language
Enterprise	I-Language
for	I-Language
Java	I-Language
(	O
EE4J	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	B-Application
Eclipse	I-Application
Foundation	I-Application
could	O
not	O
agree	O
with	O
Oracle	B-Application
over	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
javax	B-Language
and	O
Java	B-Device
trademarks	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Oracle	B-Application
owns	O
the	O
trademark	O
for	O
the	O
name	O
"	O
Java	B-Device
"	O
and	O
the	O
platform	O
was	O
renamed	O
from	O
Java	B-Language
EE	I-Language
to	O
Jakarta	B-Language
EE	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
name	O
refers	O
to	O
the	O
largest	O
city	O
on	O
the	O
island	O
of	O
Java	B-Device
and	O
also	O
the	O
capital	O
of	O
Indonesia	O
,	O
Jakarta	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
name	O
should	O
not	O
be	O
confused	O
with	O
the	O
former	O
Jakarta	B-Language
Project	I-Language
which	O
fostered	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
current	O
and	O
former	O
Java	B-Device
projects	O
at	O
the	O
Apache	O
Software	O
Foundation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
+	O
Java	B-Language
enterprise	I-Language
platform	I-Language
history	O
Platform	O
version	O
Released	O
Specification	B-Application
Support	O
Important	O
Changes	O
Jakarta	B-Language
EE	I-Language
10	O
Jakarta	B-Language
EE	I-Language
Platform	O
10	O
Release	O
Plan	O
10	O
Removal	O
of	O
deprecated	O
items	O
in	O
Servlet	B-Application
,	O
Faces	O
,	O
CDI	B-Library
and	O
EJB	B-Language
(	O
Entity	O
Beans	O
and	O
Embeddable	O
Container	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CDI-Build	O
Time	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Jakarta	B-Language
EE	I-Language
includes	O
several	O
specifications	B-Application
that	O
serve	O
different	O
purposes	O
,	O
like	O
generating	O
web	O
pages	O
,	O
reading	O
and	O
writing	O
from	O
a	O
database	O
in	O
a	O
transactional	O
way	O
,	O
managing	O
distributed	O
queues	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Jakarta	B-Language
EE	I-Language
APIs	B-Application
include	O
several	O
technologies	O
that	O
extend	O
the	O
functionality	O
of	O
the	O
base	O
Java	B-Language
SE	I-Language
APIs	B-Application
,	O
such	O
as	O
Jakarta	B-Language
Enterprise	I-Language
Beans	I-Language
,	O
connectors	B-Language
,	O
servlets	B-Application
,	O
Jakarta	B-Language
Server	I-Language
Pages	I-Language
and	O
several	O
web	O
service	O
technologies	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Jakarta	B-Application
Servlet	I-Application
:	O
defines	O
how	O
to	O
manage	O
HTTP	O
requests	O
,	O
in	O
a	O
synchronous	O
or	O
asynchronous	O
way	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
low	O
level	O
and	O
other	O
Jakarta	B-Language
EE	I-Language
specifications	B-Application
rely	O
on	O
it	O
;	O
</s>
<s>
Jakarta	O
WebSocket	B-Protocol
:	O
API	B-Application
specification	B-Application
that	O
defines	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
APIs	B-Application
to	O
service	O
WebSocket	B-Protocol
connections	O
;	O
</s>
<s>
Jakarta	B-Language
Server	I-Language
Faces	I-Language
:	O
a	O
technology	O
for	O
constructing	O
user	O
interfaces	O
out	O
of	O
components	O
;	O
</s>
<s>
Jakarta	B-Language
Expression	I-Language
Language	I-Language
(	O
EL	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
simple	O
language	O
originally	O
designed	O
to	O
satisfy	O
the	O
specific	O
needs	O
of	O
web	O
application	O
developers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
used	O
specifically	O
in	O
Jakarta	B-Language
Faces	I-Language
to	O
bind	O
components	O
to	O
(	O
backing	O
)	O
beans	O
and	O
in	O
Contexts	B-Library
and	I-Library
Dependency	I-Library
Injection	I-Library
to	O
named	O
beans	O
,	O
but	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
throughout	O
the	O
entire	O
platform	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Jakarta	B-Language
RESTful	I-Language
Web	I-Language
Services	I-Language
provides	O
support	O
in	O
creating	O
web	O
services	O
according	O
to	O
the	O
Representational	B-Protocol
State	I-Protocol
Transfer	I-Protocol
(	O
REST	O
)	O
architectural	O
pattern	O
;	O
</s>
<s>
Jakarta	O
JSON	B-General_Concept
Processing	O
is	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
specifications	B-Application
to	O
manage	O
information	O
encoded	O
in	O
JSON	B-General_Concept
format	O
;	O
</s>
<s>
Jakarta	O
JSON	B-General_Concept
Binding	O
provides	O
specifications	B-Application
to	O
convert	O
JSON	B-General_Concept
information	O
into	O
or	O
from	O
Java	B-Device
classes	O
;	O
</s>
<s>
Jakarta	B-Language
XML	I-Language
Binding	I-Language
allows	O
mapping	O
XML	O
into	O
Java	B-Device
objects	O
;	O
</s>
<s>
Jakarta	B-Language
XML	I-Language
Web	I-Language
Services	I-Language
can	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
create	O
SOAP	O
web	O
services	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Jakarta	B-Language
Activation	I-Language
(	O
JAF	O
)	O
specifies	O
an	O
architecture	O
to	O
extend	O
component	O
Beans	O
by	O
providing	O
data	O
typing	O
and	O
bindings	O
of	O
such	O
types	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Jakarta	O
Contexts	B-Library
and	I-Library
Dependency	I-Library
Injection	I-Library
(	O
CDI	B-Library
)	O
is	O
a	O
specification	B-Application
to	O
provide	O
a	O
dependency	B-Library
injection	I-Library
container	O
;	O
</s>
<s>
Jakarta	B-Language
Enterprise	I-Language
Beans	I-Language
(	O
EJB	B-Language
)	O
specification	B-Application
defines	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
lightweight	O
APIs	B-Application
that	O
an	O
object	O
container	O
(	O
the	O
EJB	B-Language
container	I-Language
)	O
will	O
support	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
provide	O
transactions	B-General_Concept
(	O
using	O
JTA	B-Language
)	O
,	O
remote	B-Operating_System
procedure	I-Operating_System
calls	I-Operating_System
(	O
using	O
RMI	B-Language
or	O
RMI-IIOP	B-Language
)	O
,	O
concurrency	B-Operating_System
control	I-Operating_System
,	O
dependency	B-Library
injection	I-Library
and	O
access	O
control	O
for	O
business	O
objects	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
package	O
contains	O
the	O
Jakarta	B-Language
Enterprise	I-Language
Beans	I-Language
classes	O
and	O
interfaces	O
that	O
define	O
the	O
contracts	O
between	O
the	O
enterprise	B-Language
bean	I-Language
and	O
its	O
clients	O
and	O
between	O
the	O
enterprise	B-Language
bean	I-Language
and	O
the	O
ejb	B-Language
container	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Jakarta	B-Language
Persistence	I-Language
(	O
JPA	O
)	O
are	O
specifications	B-Application
about	O
object-relational	O
mapping	O
between	O
relation	O
database	O
tables	O
and	O
Java	B-Device
classes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Jakarta	B-Language
Transactions	I-Language
(	O
JTA	B-Language
)	O
contains	O
the	O
interfaces	O
and	O
annotations	O
to	O
interact	O
with	O
the	O
transaction	O
support	O
offered	O
by	O
Jakarta	B-Language
EE	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Even	O
though	O
this	O
API	B-Application
abstracts	O
from	O
the	O
really	O
low-level	O
details	O
,	O
the	O
interfaces	O
are	O
also	O
considered	O
somewhat	O
low-level	O
and	O
the	O
average	O
application	O
developer	O
in	O
Jakarta	B-Language
EE	I-Language
is	O
either	O
assumed	O
to	O
be	O
relying	O
on	O
transparent	O
handling	O
of	O
transactions	B-General_Concept
by	O
the	O
higher	O
level	O
EJB	B-Language
abstractions	O
,	O
or	O
using	O
the	O
annotations	O
provided	O
by	O
this	O
API	B-Application
in	O
combination	O
with	O
CDI	B-Library
managed	O
beans	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Jakarta	B-Language
Messaging	I-Language
(	O
JMS	O
)	O
provides	O
a	O
common	O
way	O
for	O
Java	B-Device
programs	O
to	O
create	O
,	O
send	O
,	O
receive	O
and	O
read	O
an	O
enterprise	O
messaging	O
system	O
's	O
messages	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Validation	O
:	O
This	O
package	O
contains	O
the	O
annotations	O
and	O
interfaces	O
for	O
the	O
declarative	O
validation	O
support	O
offered	O
by	O
the	O
Bean	B-Language
Validation	I-Language
API	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Bean	B-Language
Validation	I-Language
provides	O
a	O
unified	O
way	O
to	O
provide	O
constraints	O
on	O
beans	O
(	O
e.g.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
Jakarta	B-Language
EE	I-Language
,	O
JPA	O
honors	O
bean	B-Language
validation	I-Language
constraints	O
in	O
the	O
persistence	O
layer	O
,	O
while	O
JSF	B-Language
does	O
so	O
in	O
the	O
view	O
layer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Jakarta	O
Batch	O
provides	O
the	O
means	O
for	O
batch	B-General_Concept
processing	I-General_Concept
in	O
applications	O
to	O
run	O
long	O
running	O
background	O
tasks	O
that	O
possibly	O
involve	O
a	O
large	O
volume	O
of	O
data	O
and	O
which	O
may	O
need	O
to	O
be	O
periodically	O
executed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Jakarta	B-Language
Connectors	I-Language
is	O
a	O
Java-based	O
tool	O
for	O
connecting	O
application	B-Application
servers	I-Application
and	O
enterprise	O
information	O
systems	O
(	O
EIS	O
)	O
as	O
part	O
of	O
enterprise	O
application	O
integration	O
(	O
EAI	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
is	O
a	O
low-level	O
API	B-Application
aimed	O
at	O
vendors	O
that	O
the	O
average	O
application	O
developer	O
typically	O
does	O
not	O
come	O
in	O
contact	O
with	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
an	O
attempt	O
to	O
limit	O
the	O
footprint	O
of	O
web	B-Language
containers	I-Language
,	O
both	O
in	O
physical	O
and	O
in	O
conceptual	O
terms	O
,	O
the	O
web	O
profile	O
was	O
created	O
,	O
a	O
subset	O
of	O
the	O
Jakarta	B-Language
EE	I-Language
specifications	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Jakarta	B-Language
EE	I-Language
web	O
profile	O
comprises	O
the	O
following	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Although	O
by	O
definition	O
all	O
Jakarta	B-Language
EE	I-Language
implementations	O
provide	O
the	O
same	O
base	O
level	O
of	O
technologies	O
(	O
namely	O
,	O
the	O
Jakarta	B-Language
EE	I-Language
spec	O
and	O
the	O
associated	O
APIs	B-Application
)	O
,	O
they	O
can	O
differ	O
considerably	O
with	O
respect	O
to	O
extra	O
features	O
(	O
like	O
connectors	B-Language
,	O
clustering	B-Architecture
,	O
fault	B-General_Concept
tolerance	I-General_Concept
,	O
high	O
availability	O
,	O
security	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
code	O
sample	O
shown	O
below	O
demonstrates	O
how	O
various	O
technologies	O
in	O
Java	B-Language
EE	I-Language
7	I-Language
are	O
used	O
together	O
to	O
build	O
a	O
web	O
form	O
for	O
editing	O
a	O
user	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
Jakarta	B-Language
EE	I-Language
a	O
(	O
web	O
)	O
UI	O
can	O
be	O
built	O
using	O
Jakarta	B-Application
Servlet	I-Application
,	O
Jakarta	B-Language
Server	I-Language
Pages	I-Language
(	O
JSP	O
)	O
,	O
or	O
Jakarta	B-Language
Server	I-Language
Faces	I-Language
(	O
JSF	B-Language
)	O
with	O
Facelets	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
example	O
below	O
uses	O
Faces	O
and	O
Facelets	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Not	O
explicitly	O
shown	O
is	O
that	O
the	O
input	O
components	O
use	O
the	O
Jakarta	B-Language
EE	I-Language
Bean	B-Language
Validation	I-Language
API	B-Application
under	O
the	O
covers	O
to	O
validate	O
constraints	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
To	O
assist	O
the	O
view	O
,	O
Jakarta	B-Language
EE	I-Language
uses	O
a	O
concept	O
called	O
a	O
"	O
Backing	O
Bean	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
example	O
below	O
uses	O
and	O
Jakarta	B-Language
Enterprise	I-Language
Beans	I-Language
(	O
EJB	B-Language
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
To	O
implement	O
business	O
logic	O
,	O
Jakarta	B-Language
Enterprise	I-Language
Beans	I-Language
(	O
EJB	B-Language
)	O
is	O
the	O
dedicated	O
technology	O
in	O
Jakarta	B-Language
EE	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
the	O
actual	O
persistence	O
,	O
JDBC	B-Language
or	O
Jakarta	B-Language
Persistence	I-Language
(	O
JPA	O
)	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
example	O
below	O
uses	O
EJB	B-Language
and	O
JPA	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Not	O
explicitly	O
shown	O
is	O
that	O
JTA	B-Language
is	O
used	O
under	O
the	O
covers	O
by	O
EJB	B-Language
to	O
control	O
transactional	O
behavior	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
defining	O
entity/model	O
classes	O
Jakarta	B-Language
EE	I-Language
provides	O
the	O
Jakarta	B-Language
Persistence	I-Language
(	O
JPA	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
for	O
expressing	O
constraints	O
on	O
those	O
entities	O
it	O
provides	O
the	O
Bean	B-Language
Validation	I-Language
API	B-Application
.	O
</s>
