<s>
J/Direct	B-Language
was	O
a	O
technology	O
included	O
in	O
some	O
versions	O
of	O
Microsoft	B-Language
Java	I-Language
Virtual	I-Language
Machine	I-Language
,	O
which	O
allowed	O
direct	O
calls	O
into	O
the	O
Windows	B-Library
API	I-Library
.	O
</s>
<s>
J/Direct	B-Language
was	O
specific	O
of	O
Microsoft	O
's	O
Virtual	O
Machine	O
,	O
in	O
replacement	O
of	O
the	O
standard	O
Java	B-Language
Native	I-Language
Interface	I-Language
(	O
JNI	B-Language
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
Java	B-Language
program	O
which	O
used	O
J/Direct	B-Language
would	O
not	O
run	O
on	O
platforms	B-Device
other	O
than	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Windows	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
release	O
of	O
J/Direct	B-Language
(	O
along	O
with	O
AFC	B-Language
and	O
WFC	O
)	O
,	O
was	O
part	O
of	O
an	O
effort	O
by	O
Microsoft	O
to	O
gain	O
leadership	O
on	O
the	O
growing	O
Java	B-Language
community	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
this	O
destroyed	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
main	O
advantages	O
of	O
Java	B-Language
,	O
its	O
cross-platform	B-Operating_System
nature	O
,	O
J/Direct	B-Language
was	O
often	O
seen	O
as	O
an	O
attempt	O
by	O
Microsoft	O
to	O
undermine	O
Java	B-Language
's	O
cross-platform	B-Operating_System
capabilities	O
,	O
and	O
an	O
example	O
of	O
the	O
tactic	O
of	O
embrace	O
,	O
extend	O
and	O
extinguish	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
After	O
the	O
drop	O
by	O
Microsoft	O
of	O
their	O
specific	O
Java	B-Language
virtual	I-Language
machine	I-Language
,	O
and	O
the	O
switch	O
to	O
the	O
.NET	B-Application
environment	O
,	O
J/Direct	B-Language
was	O
no	O
longer	O
maintained	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
J/Direct	B-Language
used	O
a	O
kind	O
of	O
annotation	B-Language
in	O
Java	B-Language
code	I-Language
to	O
make	O
the	O
link	O
between	O
Java	B-Language
and	O
Windows	B-Application
functions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
annotations	O
did	O
not	O
exist	O
in	O
Java	B-Language
when	O
J/Direct	B-Language
was	O
designed	O
,	O
Microsoft	O
used	O
a	O
special	O
syntax	O
in	O
Java	B-Language
comments	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
example	O
,	O
to	O
declare	O
the	O
GetSysColor	O
function	O
in	O
the	O
User32	O
API	B-Application
:	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Java	I-Application
implementation	I-Application
already	O
provided	O
a	O
pre-defined	O
package	B-Language
which	O
provided	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
pre-defined	O
classes	O
bound	O
to	O
the	O
User32	O
,	O
Gdi32.dll	O
,	O
and	O
Kernel32.dll	O
APIs	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Additionally	O
,	O
the	O
Microsoft	B-Language
VM	I-Language
used	O
some	O
built-in	O
rules	O
to	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
bind	O
automatically	O
the	O
Java	B-Language
code	I-Language
to	O
some	O
Windows	B-Library
API	I-Library
functions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
example	O
,	O
it	O
chose	O
automatically	O
between	O
ANSI	O
and	O
Unicode	O
versions	O
of	O
Windows	B-Library
API	I-Library
functions	O
.	O
</s>
