<s>
JOVIAL	B-Language
is	O
a	O
high-level	B-Language
programming	I-Language
language	I-Language
based	O
on	O
ALGOL	B-Language
58	I-Language
,	O
specialized	O
for	O
developing	O
embedded	B-Architecture
systems	I-Architecture
(	O
specialized	O
computer	O
systems	O
designed	O
to	O
perform	O
one	O
or	O
a	O
few	O
dedicated	O
functions	O
,	O
usually	O
embedded	O
as	O
part	O
of	O
a	O
larger	O
,	O
more	O
complete	O
device	O
,	O
including	O
mechanical	O
parts	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
a	O
major	O
system	B-Language
programming	I-Language
language	I-Language
through	O
the	O
1960s	O
and	O
1970s	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
JOVIAL	B-Language
was	O
developed	O
as	O
a	O
new	O
"	O
high-order	O
"	O
programming	O
language	O
starting	O
in	O
1959	O
by	O
a	O
team	O
at	O
System	O
Development	O
Corporation	O
(	O
SDC	O
)	O
headed	O
by	O
Jules	O
Schwartz	O
to	O
compose	O
software	O
for	O
the	O
electronics	O
of	O
military	O
aircraft	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
name	O
JOVIAL	B-Language
is	O
an	O
acronym	O
for	O
Jules	O
 '	O
Own	O
Version	O
of	O
the	O
International	B-Language
Algebraic	I-Language
Language	I-Language
;	O
International	B-Language
Algorithmic	I-Language
Language	I-Language
(	O
IAL	B-Language
)	O
was	O
a	O
name	O
proposed	O
originally	O
for	O
ALGOL	B-Language
58	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
JOVIAL	B-Language
was	O
then	O
suggested	O
,	O
with	O
no	O
meaning	O
attached	O
to	O
the	O
J	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
During	O
the	O
1960s	O
,	O
JOVIAL	B-Language
was	O
a	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
US	O
Military	O
L-project	O
series	O
,	O
particularly	O
the	O
ITT	O
465L	O
Strategic	O
Air	O
Command	O
Control	O
System	O
(	O
the	O
Strategic	O
Automated	O
Command	O
and	O
Control	O
System	O
(	O
SACCS	O
)	O
project	O
)	O
,	O
due	O
to	O
a	O
lack	O
of	O
real-time	B-General_Concept
computing	I-General_Concept
programming	O
languages	O
available	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
95	O
percent	O
of	O
the	O
SACCS	O
project	O
,	O
managed	O
by	O
International	O
Telephone	O
&	O
Telegraph	O
(	O
ITT	O
)	O
with	O
software	O
mainly	O
written	O
by	O
SDC	O
,	O
was	O
written	O
in	O
JOVIAL	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
software	O
project	O
took	O
two	O
years	O
and	O
fewer	O
than	O
1,400	O
programmer	O
years	O
,	O
less	O
than	O
half	O
of	O
the	O
equivalent	O
time	O
in	O
the	O
SAGE	B-Device
L-project	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
During	O
the	O
late	O
1970s	O
and	O
early	O
1980s	O
,	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
Air	O
Force	O
adopted	O
a	O
standardized	O
central	B-General_Concept
processing	I-General_Concept
unit	I-General_Concept
(	O
CPU	O
)	O
,	O
the	O
MIL-STD-1750A	B-General_Concept
,	O
and	O
subsequent	O
JOVIAL	B-Language
programs	O
were	O
built	O
for	O
that	O
processor	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Several	O
commercial	O
vendors	O
provided	O
compilers	B-Language
and	O
related	O
programming	B-Application
tools	I-Application
to	O
build	O
JOVIAL	B-Language
for	O
processors	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
MIL-STD-1750A	B-General_Concept
,	O
including	O
Advanced	O
Computer	O
Techniques	O
(	O
ACT	O
)	O
,	O
TLD	O
Systems	O
,	O
Proprietary	O
Software	O
Systems	O
(	O
PSS	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
others	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
JOVIAL	B-Language
was	O
standardized	O
during	O
1973	O
with	O
MIL-STD-1589	B-Language
and	O
was	O
revised	O
during	O
1984	O
with	O
MIL-STD-1589C	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
,	O
JOVIAL	B-Language
is	O
no	O
longer	O
maintained	O
and	O
distributed	O
by	O
the	O
USAF	O
JOVIAL	B-Language
Program	O
Office	O
(	O
JPO	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Software	O
formerly	O
distributed	O
by	O
the	O
JPO	O
is	O
still	O
available	O
through	O
commercial	O
resources	O
at	O
Software	O
Engineering	O
Associates	O
,	O
Inc.	O
,	O
(	O
SEA	O
)	O
as	O
are	O
other	O
combinations	O
of	O
host/target	O
processors	O
including	O
Windows	B-Application
,	O
Linux	B-Application
,	O
Mac	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
X	I-Operating_System
on	O
PowerPC	B-Architecture
,	O
SPARC	B-Architecture
,	O
VAX	B-Device
,	O
1750A	B-General_Concept
,	O
PowerPC	B-Architecture
,	O
TI-9989	B-General_Concept
,	O
Zilog	B-Device
Z800x	I-Device
,	O
Motorola	B-Device
680x0	I-Device
,	O
and	O
IBM	B-Application
System	I-Application
360	I-Application
,	O
System	B-Device
370	I-Device
,	O
and	O
System	B-Device
z	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Further	O
,	O
DDC-I	O
,	O
which	O
acquired	O
parts	O
of	O
Advanced	O
Computer	O
Techniques	O
,	O
also	O
lists	O
JOVIAL	B-Language
compilers	B-Language
and	O
related	O
tools	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Most	O
software	O
implemented	O
in	O
JOVIAL	B-Language
is	O
mission	B-Application
critical	I-Application
,	O
and	O
maintenance	O
is	O
growing	O
more	O
difficult	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
December	O
2014	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
reported	O
that	O
software	O
derived	O
from	O
JOVIAL	B-Language
code	O
produced	O
in	O
the	O
1960s	O
was	O
involved	O
in	O
a	O
major	O
failure	O
of	O
the	O
United	O
Kingdom	O
's	O
air	B-Application
traffic	I-Application
control	I-Application
infrastructure	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
the	O
agency	O
that	O
uses	O
it	O
,	O
NATS	O
Holdings	O
,	O
was	O
having	O
to	O
train	O
its	O
IT	O
staff	O
in	O
JOVIAL	B-Language
so	O
they	O
could	O
maintain	O
this	O
software	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
not	O
scheduled	O
for	O
replacement	O
until	O
2016	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Languages	O
influenced	O
by	O
JOVIAL	B-Language
include	O
CORAL	B-Language
,	O
SYMPL	B-Language
,	O
Space	O
Programming	O
Language	O
(	O
SPL	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
to	O
some	O
extent	O
CMS-2	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
interactive	B-General_Concept
subset	O
of	O
JOVIAL	B-Language
called	O
TINT	O
,	O
similar	O
to	O
JOSS	B-Language
was	O
developed	O
in	O
the	O
1960s	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
JOVIAL	B-Language
includes	O
features	O
not	O
found	O
in	O
standard	O
ALGOL	B-Language
,	O
such	O
as	O
items	O
(	O
now	O
called	O
structures	O
)	O
,	O
arrays	O
of	O
items	O
,	O
status	O
variables	O
(	O
now	O
called	O
enumerations	B-Language
)	O
and	O
inline	B-Language
assembly	I-Language
language	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
was	O
important	O
with	O
respect	O
to	O
the	O
limited	O
memory	O
and	O
storage	O
of	O
the	O
computing	O
systems	O
of	O
the	O
JOVIAL	B-Language
era	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Communication	O
Pool	O
(	O
COMPOOL	O
)	O
in	O
Jovial	B-Language
is	O
similar	O
to	O
libraries	O
of	O
header	O
files	O
for	O
languages	O
such	O
as	O
PL/I	O
and	O
C	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Notable	O
systems	O
using	O
embedded	O
JOVIAL	B-Language
software	O
include	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
following	O
example	O
is	O
taken	O
from	O
''	O
Computer	O
Programming	O
Manual	O
for	O
the	O
JOVIAL	B-Language
(	O
J73	O
)	O
Language	O
.	O
</s>
