<s>
iproute2	B-Protocol
is	O
a	O
collection	O
of	O
userspace	B-Operating_System
utilities	O
for	O
controlling	O
and	O
monitoring	O
various	O
aspects	O
of	O
networking	B-Architecture
in	O
the	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
kernel	I-Operating_System
,	O
including	O
routing	B-Protocol
,	O
network	O
interfaces	O
,	O
tunnels	O
,	O
traffic	O
control	O
,	O
and	O
network-related	O
device	B-Application
drivers	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
iproute2	B-Protocol
is	O
an	O
open-source	B-Application
project	O
released	O
under	O
the	O
terms	O
of	O
version	O
2	O
of	O
the	O
GNU	B-License
General	I-License
Public	I-License
License	I-License
.	O
</s>
<s>
Its	O
development	O
is	O
closely	O
tied	O
to	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
networking	B-Architecture
components	O
of	O
the	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
kernel	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
,	O
iproute2	B-Protocol
is	O
maintained	O
by	O
Stephen	O
Hemminger	O
and	O
David	O
Ahern	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
original	O
author	O
,	O
Alexey	O
Kuznetsov	O
,	O
was	O
responsible	O
for	O
the	O
quality	O
of	O
service	O
(	O
QoS	O
)	O
implementation	O
in	O
the	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
kernel	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
iproute2	B-Protocol
collection	O
contains	O
the	O
following	O
command-line	B-Device
utilities	I-Device
:	O
</s>
<s>
arpd	O
,	O
bridge	O
,	O
ctstat	O
,	O
dcb	O
,	O
devlink	O
,	O
ip	B-Protocol
,	O
lnstat	O
,	O
nstat	O
,	O
rdma	O
,	O
routef	O
,	O
routel	O
,	O
rtacct	O
,	O
rtmon	O
,	O
rtstat	O
,	O
ss	O
,	O
tc	B-Application
,	O
tipc	B-Operating_System
and	O
vdpa	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
tc	B-Application
is	O
used	O
for	O
traffic	O
control	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
iproute2	B-Protocol
utilities	O
communicate	O
with	O
the	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
kernel	I-Operating_System
using	O
the	O
netlink	B-Application
protocol	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
of	O
the	O
iproute2	B-Protocol
utilities	O
are	O
often	O
recommended	O
over	O
now-obsolete	O
net-tools	O
utilities	O
that	O
provide	O
the	O
same	O
functionality	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Below	O
is	O
a	O
table	O
of	O
obsolete	O
utilities	O
and	O
their	O
iproute2	B-Protocol
replacements	O
.	O
</s>
