<s>
Internet	B-General_Concept
science	I-General_Concept
is	O
an	O
interdisciplinary	O
science	O
that	O
examines	O
all	O
aspects	O
of	O
the	O
co-evolution	O
in	O
Internet	O
networks	O
and	O
society	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
include	O
many	O
natural	O
sciences	O
(	O
e.g.	O
,	O
complexity	O
science	O
,	O
computer	B-General_Concept
science	I-General_Concept
,	O
engineering	O
,	O
life	O
sciences	O
,	O
mathematics	O
,	O
physics	O
,	O
psychology	O
,	O
statistics	O
,	O
systems	O
and	O
evolutionary	O
biology	O
)	O
,	O
social	O
sciences	O
(	O
e.g.	O
</s>
<s>
Professor	O
Noshir	O
Contractor	O
and	O
others	O
have	O
located	O
it	O
at	O
the	O
intersection	O
of	O
computational	O
social	O
science	O
,	O
network	O
science	O
,	O
network	B-Architecture
engineering	I-Architecture
and	O
Web	O
science	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
understanding	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
society	O
in	O
shaping	O
Internet	O
networks	O
and	O
being	O
shaped	O
by	O
them	O
Internet	B-General_Concept
science	I-General_Concept
aims	O
to	O
take	O
care	O
of	O
the	O
Internet	O
in	O
a	O
way	O
similar	O
to	O
that	O
in	O
which	O
Web	O
science	O
aims	O
to	O
take	O
care	O
of	O
the	O
Web	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Many	O
disciplines	O
support	O
Internet	B-General_Concept
science	I-General_Concept
with	O
different	O
analysis	O
tools	O
,	O
designs	O
,	O
and	O
languages	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
three	O
main	O
elements	O
of	O
Internet	B-General_Concept
science	I-General_Concept
are	O
:	O
multidisciplinary	O
convergence	O
,	O
observability	O
and	O
constructive	O
experimentation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
European	O
Commission	O
funded	O
a	O
Network	O
of	O
Excellence	O
on	O
Internet	B-General_Concept
Science	I-General_Concept
(	O
project	O
acronym	O
)	O
over	O
the	O
period	O
December	O
2011-May	O
2015	O
under	O
the	O
FP7	O
funding	O
programme	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Two	O
major	O
international	O
Internet	B-General_Concept
science	I-General_Concept
conferences	O
were	O
held	O
in	O
April	O
2013	O
and	O
May	O
2015	O
together	O
with	O
an	O
unconference	O
at	O
the	O
University	O
of	O
Bologna	O
in	O
May	O
2014	O
and	O
official	O
workshops	O
at	O
international	O
academic	O
conferences	O
such	O
as	O
Human	O
Behavior	O
and	O
the	O
Evolution	O
of	O
Society	O
and	O
international	O
inter-governmental	O
and	O
multistakeholder	O
conferences	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
2013	O
United	O
Nations	O
Internet	O
Governance	O
Forum	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Significant	O
areas	O
of	O
current	O
Internet	B-General_Concept
science	I-General_Concept
research	O
include	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Google	B-Application
has	O
signed	O
two	O
contracts	O
with	O
wind	O
developers	O
to	O
power	O
its	O
data	O
center	O
in	O
Finland	O
with	O
100%	O
renewable	O
energy	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
is	O
ongoing	O
activity	O
on	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
Internet	B-General_Concept
Science	I-General_Concept
curricula	O
,	O
initially	O
on	O
a	O
postgraduate	O
level	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
1972	O
:	O
Ray	O
Tomlinson	O
introduces	O
a	O
network	O
e-mail	O
system	O
;	O
the	O
International	B-Protocol
Networking	I-Protocol
Working	I-Protocol
Group	I-Protocol
(	O
INWG	O
)	O
forms	O
to	O
research	O
and	O
develop	O
standard	O
protocols	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
1981	O
:	O
The	O
National	O
Science	O
Foundation	O
(	O
NSF	O
)	O
provided	O
a	O
grant	O
to	O
demonstrate	O
the	O
Computer	B-General_Concept
Science	I-General_Concept
Network	O
(	O
CSNET	O
)	O
and	O
afterwards	O
to	O
provide	O
networking	O
services	O
to	O
university	O
computer	B-General_Concept
scientists	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
1982	O
:	O
Transmission	B-Protocol
Control	I-Protocol
Protocol	I-Protocol
(	O
TCP	O
)	O
and	O
Internet	B-Protocol
Protocol	I-Protocol
(	O
IP	O
)	O
arise	O
the	O
protocol	O
for	O
ARPANET	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
1983	O
:	O
The	O
Domain	B-Protocol
Name	I-Protocol
System	I-Protocol
(	O
DNS	B-Protocol
)	O
established	O
the	O
familiar	O
.edu	O
,	O
.gov	O
,	O
.com	O
,	O
.mil	O
,	O
.org	O
,	O
.net	O
,	O
and	O
.int	O
system	O
to	O
name	O
websites	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
1990	O
:	O
Tim	O
Berners-Lee	O
develops	O
HyperText	B-Language
Markup	I-Language
Language	I-Language
(	O
HTML	B-Language
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
1998	O
:	O
The	O
Google	B-Application
search	I-Application
engine	I-Application
was	O
born	O
and	O
changed	O
the	O
way	O
users	O
engage	O
with	O
the	O
Internet	O
.	O
</s>
