<s>
Internet	B-Application
activism	I-Application
in	I-Application
South	I-Application
Korea	I-Application
originated	O
in	O
2002	O
,	O
when	O
an	O
Internet	O
user	O
named	O
Angma	O
proposed	O
a	O
candlelight	O
vigil	O
for	O
two	O
girls	O
(	O
Hyo-sun	O
and	O
Mi-sun	O
)	O
who	O
were	O
killed	O
by	O
a	O
U.S.	O
military	O
vehicle	O
in	O
the	O
Yangju	O
highway	O
incident	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
2002	O
candlelight	O
vigils	O
were	O
a	O
pivotal	O
event	O
in	O
the	O
history	O
of	O
Internet	B-Application
activism	I-Application
in	I-Application
south	I-Application
Korea	I-Application
,	O
demonstrating	O
the	O
power	O
of	O
the	O
Internet	O
to	O
spread	O
information	O
and	O
gather	O
participants	O
in	O
on	O
-	O
and	O
offline	O
activism	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
April	O
2008	O
,	O
when	O
newly-elected	O
president	O
Lee	O
Myung-bak	O
and	O
his	O
administration	O
resumed	O
beef	O
importation	O
from	O
the	O
U.S.	O
under	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
–	O
Korea	O
Free	O
Trade	O
Agreement	O
despite	O
growing	O
public	O
fear	O
of	O
mad	O
cow	O
disease	O
,	O
a	O
netizen	O
known	O
as	O
"	O
Andante	O
"	O
posted	O
a	O
petition	O
to	O
impeach	O
the	O
president	O
on	O
the	O
Agora	O
online	O
bulletin	O
board	O
on	O
Daum.net	B-Protocol
(	O
Korea	O
’s	O
largest	O
web	O
portal	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
Facebook	B-Application
,	O
Myspace	B-Application
and	O
popular	O
portals	O
such	O
as	O
Daum	B-Protocol
and	O
Naver.com,	O
youth	O
constructed	O
a	O
collective	O
identity	O
and	O
increased	O
pressure	O
on	O
the	O
government	O
to	O
keep	O
their	O
school	O
lunches	O
safe	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Twitter-based	O
online	O
community	O
Chopae	O
,	O
was	O
launched	O
on	O
May	O
11	O
,	O
2010	O
to	O
demand	O
the	O
closure	O
of	O
The	O
Chosun	O
Ilbo	O
,	O
a	O
conservative	O
newspaper	O
;	O
within	O
half	O
a	O
year	O
,	O
700	O
members	O
had	O
joined	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Chopae	O
was	O
organized	O
by	O
a	O
Twitter	B-Application
user	O
known	O
as	O
@parknife	O
(	O
a	O
previous	O
supporter	O
of	O
President	O
Roh	O
Moo-hyun	O
)	O
,	O
who	O
shared	O
news	O
and	O
content	O
in	O
the	O
online	O
community	O
with	O
tweets	O
criticizing	O
the	O
G20	O
,	O
Lee	O
Myung-bak	O
’	O
s	O
administration	O
,	O
conservative	O
daily	O
newspapers	O
and	O
Samsung	O
with	O
hashtags	O
such	O
as	O
#chopaegongsa	O
,	O
#weapon	O
and	O
#change	O
of	O
government	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Online	O
feminist	O
groups	O
primarily	O
recruit	O
protest	O
participants	O
in	O
feminist	O
Internet	O
cafés	O
and	O
disseminate	O
information	O
on	O
Twitter	B-Application
and	O
Facebook	B-Application
with	O
hashtags	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
-	O
and	O
offline	O
activism	O
are	O
connected	O
,	O
with	O
protestors	O
using	O
specific	O
words	O
and	O
phrases	O
(	O
such	O
as	O
"	O
uncomfortable	O
courage	O
"	O
)	O
which	O
are	O
search	O
terms	O
on	O
Twitter	B-Application
to	O
increase	O
exposure	O
of	O
the	O
movement	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Shortly	O
after	O
it	O
was	O
aired	O
,	O
there	O
was	O
an	O
increase	O
in	O
online	O
discussion	O
of	O
same-sex	O
relationships	O
on	O
Twitter	B-Application
and	O
the	O
Seoul	O
Broadcasting	O
System	O
’s	O
online	O
message	O
board	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
tweet	O
by	O
gay	O
Korean	O
gay	O
celebrity	O
Hong	O
Seok-cheon	O
,	O
who	O
criticized	O
an	O
anti-gay	O
advertisement	O
in	O
The	O
Chosun	O
Ilbo	O
in	O
response	O
to	O
the	O
series	O
,	O
went	O
viral	O
and	O
inspired	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
bloggers	O
and	O
Twitter	B-Application
users	O
to	O
support	O
the	O
LGBTQ	O
community	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Research	O
also	O
indicates	O
that	O
the	O
rise	O
of	O
social	O
networking	O
services	O
and	O
video	O
broadcasting	O
websites	O
(	O
such	O
as	O
YouTube	B-General_Concept
)	O
have	O
contributed	O
to	O
a	O
decline	O
in	O
the	O
level	O
of	O
repressive	O
violence	O
at	O
protests	O
.	O
</s>
