<s>
Internet	B-Device
0	I-Device
is	O
a	O
low-speed	O
physical	B-Application
layer	I-Application
designed	O
to	O
route	O
'	O
IP	O
over	O
anything.	O
'	O
</s>
<s>
Internet	B-Device
0	I-Device
was	O
originally	O
a	O
minor	O
,	O
expedient	O
bit	O
of	O
engineering	O
support	O
for	O
other	O
MIT	O
projects	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Modern	O
implementations	O
are	O
mostly	O
software	O
on	O
small	O
microcontrollers	B-Architecture
,	O
usually	O
with	O
a	O
transistor	O
to	O
transmit	O
,	O
and	O
capacitors	O
to	O
isolate	O
the	O
transmitter	O
and	O
receiver	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Such	O
a	O
simple	O
,	O
inexpensive	O
system	O
can	O
be	O
embedded	O
into	O
many	O
devices	O
to	O
allow	O
data	O
retrieval	O
or	O
control	O
via	O
the	O
Internet	O
--	O
these	O
small	O
devices	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
form	O
an	B-Operating_System
Internet	I-Operating_System
of	I-Operating_System
Things	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
current	O
largest	O
deployment	O
of	O
Internet	B-Device
0	I-Device
was	O
at	O
the	O
Venice	O
Biennale	O
Architecture	O
Exhibition	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
year	O
2008	O
,	O
by	O
a	O
group	O
led	O
by	O
the	O
Institute	O
of	O
Advanced	O
Architecture	O
of	O
Catalonia	O
,	O
directed	O
by	O
the	O
architect	O
Vicente	O
Guallart	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
idea	O
behind	O
Internet	B-Device
0	I-Device
is	O
to	O
provide	O
a	O
general-purpose	O
physical	B-Application
layer	I-Application
that	O
operates	O
well	O
in	O
many	O
media	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
such	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
very	O
similar	O
to	O
morse	O
code	O
:	O
a	O
general-purpose	O
layer	B-Application
1	I-Application
for	O
the	O
Internet	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Logically	O
,	O
this	O
is	O
a	O
recursive	O
application	O
of	O
the	O
internet	O
principle	O
(	O
a	O
ubiquitous	O
protocol	O
)	O
to	O
layer	B-Application
1	I-Application
of	O
the	O
network	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
pulse-position	B-Device
modulation	I-Device
of	O
Internet	B-Device
0	I-Device
operates	O
best	O
over	O
a	O
segregated	O
wire	O
,	O
but	O
it	O
works	O
in	O
many	O
media	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Coupling	O
the	O
reusable	O
physical	B-Application
layer	I-Application
to	O
the	O
internet	B-Protocol
protocols	I-Protocol
enables	O
a	O
network	O
with	O
very	O
inexpensive	O
nodes	O
that	O
is	O
also	O
addressable	O
from	O
the	O
global	O
Internet	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
higher	O
layers	O
of	O
an	O
Internet	B-Device
0	I-Device
network	O
are	O
usually	O
Serial	B-Protocol
Line	I-Protocol
Internet	I-Protocol
Protocol	I-Protocol
(	O
SLIP	O
)	O
,	O
Internet	B-Protocol
Protocol	I-Protocol
(	O
IP	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
above	O
that	O
,	O
usually	O
User	B-Protocol
Datagram	I-Protocol
Protocol	I-Protocol
(	O
UDP	O
)	O
or	O
more	O
rarely	O
Transmission	B-Protocol
Control	I-Protocol
Protocol	I-Protocol
(	O
TCP	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Internet	B-Device
0	I-Device
has	O
been	O
implemented	O
in	O
small	O
AVR	B-Architecture
microcontrollers	I-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
small	O
translation	O
device	O
normally	O
attaches	O
a	O
local	O
network	O
of	O
Internet	B-Device
0	I-Device
devices	O
to	O
the	O
serial	B-Protocol
port	I-Protocol
of	O
a	O
PC	B-Device
that	O
acts	O
as	O
a	O
gateway	B-Application
and	O
firewall	B-Application
to	O
the	O
Internet	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Internet	B-Device
0	I-Device
is	O
similar	O
to	O
a	O
serial	B-Protocol
port	I-Protocol
running	O
at	O
9600	O
baud	O
except	O
it	O
sends	O
data	O
by	O
pulse-position	B-Device
modulation	I-Device
,	O
and	O
accepts	O
up	O
to	O
30%	O
timing	O
deviations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Synchronizing	O
on	O
8-bit	O
bytes	O
permits	O
a	O
9600	O
baud	O
internet-0	O
connection	O
to	O
easily	O
translate	O
to	O
a	O
standard	O
,	O
low-speed	O
19,200	O
baud	O
TCP/IP	O
serial	B-Protocol
port	I-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
circuit	O
is	O
a	O
small	O
surface	O
mounted	O
capacitor	O
between	O
an	O
AC	O
mains	O
wire	O
or	O
a	O
DC	O
power	O
wire	O
and	O
a	O
single	O
digital	O
pin	O
of	O
a	O
small	O
microcontroller	B-Architecture
that	O
switches	O
a	O
high-power	O
transistor	O
briefly	O
on	O
,	O
then	O
off	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
pulses	O
are	O
normally	O
generated	O
by	O
having	O
software	O
toggle	O
a	O
digital	O
I/O	O
pin	O
on	O
the	O
microcontroller	B-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
They	O
are	O
received	O
through	O
another	O
capacitor	O
,	O
by	O
a	O
microcontroller	B-Architecture
with	O
a	O
pin	O
configured	O
as	O
an	O
interrupt	O
,	O
or	O
as	O
a	O
hardware	O
timer	O
's	O
gate	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
While	O
Internet	B-Device
0	I-Device
works	O
in	O
many	O
media	O
,	O
for	O
any	O
given	O
transmission	O
medium	O
there	O
are	O
usually	O
competing	O
,	O
preexisting	O
physical	B-Application
layers	I-Application
that	O
are	O
more	O
reliable	O
,	O
higher	O
speed	O
or	O
lower	O
power	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
Homeplug	O
,	O
or	O
G.hn	B-General_Concept
for	O
power-line	O
networking	O
,	O
or	O
LIN	O
for	O
vehicles	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Schneider	O
eventually	O
decided	O
to	O
deploy	O
Zigbee	B-Protocol
,	O
a	O
low-powered	O
radio	O
protocol	O
.	O
</s>
