<s>
In	O
telecommunications	O
,	O
interconnection	B-Architecture
is	O
the	O
physical	O
linking	O
of	O
a	O
carrier	O
's	O
network	O
with	O
equipment	O
or	O
facilities	O
not	O
belonging	O
to	O
that	O
network	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
United	O
States	O
regulatory	O
law	O
,	O
interconnection	B-Architecture
is	O
specifically	O
defined	O
(	O
47	O
C.F.R.	O
</s>
<s>
One	O
of	O
the	O
primary	O
tools	O
used	O
by	O
regulators	O
to	O
introduce	O
competition	O
in	O
telecommunications	O
markets	O
has	O
been	O
to	O
impose	O
interconnection	B-Architecture
requirements	O
on	O
dominant	O
carriers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Under	O
the	O
Bell	O
System	O
monopoly	B-Application
(	O
post	O
Communications	O
Act	O
of	O
1934	O
)	O
,	O
the	O
Bell	O
System	O
owned	O
the	O
phones	O
and	O
did	O
not	O
allow	O
interconnection	B-Architecture
,	O
either	O
of	O
separate	O
phones	O
(	O
or	O
other	O
terminal	O
equipment	O
)	O
or	O
of	O
other	O
networks	O
;	O
a	O
popular	O
saying	O
was	O
"	O
Ma	O
Bell	O
has	O
you	O
by	O
the	O
calls	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
began	O
to	O
change	O
in	O
the	O
landmark	O
case	O
Hush-A-Phone	O
v	O
.	O
United	O
States	O
[1956],	O
which	O
allowed	O
some	O
non-Bell	O
owned	O
equipment	O
to	O
be	O
connected	O
to	O
the	O
network	O
,	O
and	O
was	O
followed	O
by	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
other	O
cases	O
,	O
regulatory	O
decisions	O
,	O
and	O
legislation	O
that	O
led	O
to	O
the	O
transformation	O
of	O
the	O
American	O
long	O
distance	O
telephone	O
industry	O
from	O
a	O
monopoly	B-Application
to	O
a	O
competitive	O
business	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
further	O
changed	O
in	O
FCC	O
's	O
Carterfone	O
decision	O
in	O
1968	O
,	O
which	O
required	O
the	O
Bell	O
System	O
companies	O
to	O
permit	O
interconnection	B-Architecture
by	O
radio-telephone	O
operators	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Today	O
the	O
standard	O
electrical	O
connector	O
for	O
interconnection	B-Architecture
in	O
the	O
US	O
,	O
and	O
much	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
,	O
is	O
the	O
registered	B-Protocol
jack	I-Protocol
family	O
of	O
standards	O
,	O
especially	O
RJ11	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Outside	O
of	O
the	O
U.S.	O
,	O
Interconnection	B-Architecture
or	O
"	O
Interconnect	B-Architecture
regimes	O
"	O
also	O
take	O
into	O
account	O
the	O
associated	O
commercial	O
arrangements	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Further	O
the	O
interconnect	B-Architecture
regime	O
decided	O
upon	O
by	O
the	O
regulator	O
has	O
a	O
major	O
impact	O
on	O
the	O
development/rate	O
of	O
growth	O
of	O
market	O
segments	O
.	O
</s>
